REE示踪条带施放法研究坡面土壤侵蚀垂直分布规律

通过室内模拟和野外小区试验，采用中子活化分析手段，进行了运用ＲＥＥ 示踪条带施放法研究坡面土壤侵蚀垂直分布的可行性分析。结果表明：示踪元素条带施放法研究土壤侵蚀，可定量分析黄土坡面不同坡段的相对侵蚀量，具有满意的试验精度，并揭示了产沙强度随坡长存在３ 种变化模式。

REE and epsilon(Nd) of clay fractions in sediments from the eastern Pacific Ocean: Evidence for clay sources

Clay fractions in the non-calcareous surface sediments from the eastern Pacific were analyzed for clay minerals, REE and Nd-143/Nd-144. Montmorillonite/illite ratio (M/I ratio), total REE contents (Sigma REE), LREE/HREE ratio and cerium anomaly (delta Ce) may effectively indicate the genesis of clay minerals. Clay fractions with M/I ratio > 1, delta Ce < 0.85, Sigma REE > 400 mu g/g, LREE/HREE ratio approximate to 4, and REE patterns similar to those of pelagic sediments are terrigenous and autogenetic mixed clay fractions and contain more autogenetic montmorillonite. Clay fractions with M/I ratio < 1, delta Ce=0.86 to 1.5, Sigma REE=200 to 350 mu g/g, LREE/HREE ratio approximate to 6 and REE distribution patterns similar to that of China loess are identified as terrigenous clay fraction. The Nd-143/Nd-144 ratios or epsilon(Nd) values of clay fractions inherit the features of terrigenous sources of clay minerals. Clay fractions are divided into 4 types according to epsilon(Nd) values. Terrigenous clay minerals of type I with the eNd values of -8 to -6 originate mainly from North American fluvial deposits. Those of type 11 with the epsilon(Nd) Values of -9 to -7 are mainly from the East Asia and North American fluvial deposits. Those of type III with epsilon(Nd) values of -6 to -3 could come from the central and eastern Pacific volcanic islands. Those of type IV with epsilon(Nd) values of -13 to -12 may be from East Asia eolian. The terrigenous and autogenetic mixed clay fractions show patchy distributions, indicating that there are volcanic or hot-spot activities in the eastern Pacific plate, while the terrigenous clay fractions cover a large part of the study area, proving that the terrigenous clay minerals are dominant in the eastern Pacific.

内蒙古白云鄂博地区元古宙构造-岩浆演化史与超大型REE-Nb-Fe矿床成因

Bayan Obo giant REE-Nb-Fe deposit in the northen margin of the North China Craton (NCC) is well known in the world for its abundant rare earth element resources. There is nearly one hundred year of studying history in substance component, chronology and geochemistry of the ore deposit, since the main ore body was found in 1927. However, there still exist remarkable divergences in genesis, mineralized age and material origin. Especially the REE enrichment mechanism leaves us a secret. Recent research shows that the Bayan Obo ore deposit likely resulted from the carbonatite magma activity, which is a favorable factor for REE accumulation. Based on the analysis of tectonic evolution history of north margin of NCC this thesis mainly discussed the formation background of cratonic margined rifts in Bayan Obo, and presented the analytical results of formation environment, intrusion age and deep origin of Proterozoic carbonatite magma. These research results can provide evidence for ore genesis. LA ICP-MS U-Pb dating on zircon shows that the Neoarchean basement was mainly composed of calc-alkaline TTG gneisses (2588±16Ma). The collision orogeny movement of the northen margin of the NCC between 2.0 Ga to 1.9 Ga brought the swarm of diorite-granodiotite magma (2023±16Ma) and intense regional metamorphism event (1906.3±7.7 Ma to 1892.7±6.7 Ma). In the sequent super continent break up background, intense metamorphic and deformed basement complex was uplifted to the surface suffered denudation, forming Mesoproterozoic Bayan Obo group in the contemporary continental margin rifts. The uplift of basement complex and formation of continental rifts were likely related with mantle plume activity. Evidence from petrological and geochemical data suggests that abundant alkaline-basic magma resulted from enhancement of continental breakup activity, that separated into carbonatite veins and mafic dykes by melt immiscibility mechanism, intruded in Bayan Obo margin rifts at the late stage of extension movement. Carbonatite veins can be divided into three main types by mineral composition: dolomite carbonatite, dolomite-calcite coexistent carbonatite and calcite carbonatite. Intrusion relationship between different types of carbonatite veins show that the calcite carbonatite veins were formed latter than the dolomite type as well as the coexistent type. Moreover, geochemical data also reveals successive and evolutive character between them. The content of REE increases together with the calcite minerals component. That is to say that REE gradually accumulated as the evolution of carbonatite magma. High precision Sm-Nd isochron data shows that the intrusion age of carbonatite veins was at 1319±48Ma. Moreover, the REE mineralization age in calcite carbonatite veins was around 1275±87Ma that is consistent with the intrusion age in error range. According to these data the abundant REE already existed in the carbonatite magma before intrusion and result in the earlier ore mineralization. The average age of mineralized dolomite was at 1353±100Ma, and the mineralization age of apatite in coarse grain dolomite was around 1329±150Ma. These data is consistent with carbonatite. Considering the coincident rare, trace element and isochron composition between them, it is presumed that mineralized dolomite was also the carbonatite intrusion and was the mainly factor for huge REE enrichment.

内蒙古白云鄂博超大型REE-Nb-Fe矿床脉状矿化时代与成矿流体特征

Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe ore deposit is the largest REE deposit in the world. Owing to its unique type and tremendous economic value, this deposit has widely attracted interests from geological researchers and vast amount of scientific data have been accumulated. However, its genesis, especially ore-forming age and REE sources, have been under dispute for a long time. On the basis of previous research works, this paper mainly conducts studies on the Early Paleozoic ore-forming event in the Bayan Obo deposit. The following results and conclusions can be suggested: Sm-Nd isotopic analytical results of bastnaesite, beloeilite, albite and fluorite samples from a coarse-crystalline ore lode present an isochron age of 436±35Ma. Besides, Rb-Sr isotope dating of the coarse-crystalline biotite lode that intruded into banded ores gives an isochron age of 459±39Ma. The two ages verify the exist of Early Paleozoic ore-forming event at Bayan Obo, which characterized by extensive netted mineralization of REE fluorocarbonates, aeschynite and monazite, accompanied by widely fluorite-riebeckite-aegirine-apatite alteration. Sr-Nd isotope composition of vein minerals is located between EMI and ancient lower crust component in the ISr(t)-εNd(t) correlation diagram, indicating that there is a crustal contamination during veined mineralization. A large area late Paleozoic granitoids are distributed in the southeast region of east open pit of the mine. The granitoids intruded directly into the ore-bearing dolomite, and produced intense skarnization. Moreover, at 650-660m of the drill core on 22 line and 1598m level flat in the south of East Open Pit, we firstly found skarnization rocks. Single grain and low background Rb-Sr isochrone dating on phlogopite in skarn gives 309±12Ma. Considering the intruded contacting relationship, the late Paleozoic granitoids, already extended to the under part of REE ore bodies, must be posterior to the latest intense REE mineralization, and is only a destructive tectonic and magmatic activity. Fluid inclusion types of fluorite in the Bayan Obo deposit consist of multiphase daughter mineral-bearing inclusion, two or three phase CO2-bearing inclusion and two phase aqueous inclusion. Petrography, laser Raman analysis and microthermometry study indicate that the fluids involving in REE-Nb-Fe mineralization at Bayan Obo might be mainly of H2O-CO2-NaCl-(F-REE) system. The presence of REE-carbonate as a daughter mineral in fluid inclusions shows that the original ore-forming fluids are rich in REE elements.

北京周边地区沙尘基的数值模拟与风成物质的REE分析

The sandstorms in 2001 were numerically simulated with NARCM that is a dust emission and transport model developed by Meteorological Service of Canada. In this paper, the dataset of NARCM model is processed and analyzed. The results of processing and analyzing show fair images about influence ranges and transport routes of sandstorms in 2001. The outcomes are compared with aerosol concentrations of atmosphere over Beijing, China and Tango, Japan. It confirms that sandstorm occurs when AK TK K and Si concentration in the air increases. It can be concluded that the NARCM model is appropriate for modeling sandstorm in North of China. The processing and analyzing show that the dust is produced and transported in the Otindag and Bashang. So the Otindag and Bashang are parts of source areas of sandstorms in East Asia. Another focus of this study is the REE of aeolian sediments in Otindag、Bashang、Tianmo Badain Jara、Hulunbeier and Kalahali, South Africa. The analysis on REE shows: There is clear distinction in HREE and LREE's Fractionation Degree (HLFD) between the deserts. HLFD is very high in Hulunbeier, with a value of (La/Lu)N 16.0. The value of (La/Lu)N is 12.7 inTianmo and 8.1 in Octindag. The HREE's Fractionation Degree(HFD) is about 4.0, quite similar in all samples. (3) The LREE's Fractionation Degree(LFD) varies slightly, from 1.5(Badain Jaran) to 2.3(Tianmo).

800MPa下泥质岩部分熔融实验研究：残留相及熔体相REE地球化学特征

利用JL-3600t压机实验研究了800MPa、不同温度条件下泥质岩部分熔融过程，利用EMPA和LA-ICPMS分别测定了熔体相和残留相中主要化学组成以及微量元素（包括REE）组成。实验结果表明，泥质岩低程度部分熔融（〈25％）形成的熔体中REE含量分布于308．8-3565μg／g较大范围内，显示较大的不均匀性，其REE球粒陨石标准化分布模式显示弱的M型REE“四分组效应”，而残留相矿物石榴子石中REE含量变化于167．5—1008μg／g范围，也显示有明显的不均匀性，其REE球粒陨石标准化分布模式显示明显的W型REE“四分组效应”，尤以第一段La-Nd最为显著；随着部分熔融程度的增加（〉30％），其形成的熔体中REE集中在523．2—1130μg／g范围，残留相石榴子石中BEE集中在288．6—512．7μg／g范围，均显示相对均匀；熔体相和残留相石榴子石矿物的REE球粒陨石标准化分布模式不发育REE“四分组效应”。实验前后Cl质量平衡计算的结果表明该实验过程中并没有产生岩浆挥发分相。上述特征表明S型花岗岩中的REE“四分组效应”现象很可能与泥质岩低程度部分熔融具有成因联系。

碳酸盐岩风化成土过程中REE超常富集及Ce强烈亏损的地球化学机理

碳酸盐岩的REE含量极低，但最近在贵州一些碳酸盐岩风化表土层底部首次发现了REE的超常富集层，REE总量最高可达近31000μg/g;Ce强烈亏损，δCe值最低达0.007。这种低背景、高富集、强分异的REE富集现象在贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳中具有一定的普遍性。选取发育在下三叠统花溪灰岩和平坝白云岩之上的两个较具代表性的碳酸盐岩风化壳进行研究，结果表明，这种富集现象与碳酸盐岩风化成土的两阶段性密切相关。（1）在残积土形成阶段（风化早期），碳酸盐的快速溶解导致风化前缘形成一个垂直方向相对狭窄、突变的碱性障(pH值为8左右）。此障既能有效地将碳酸盐岩分解释放的REE以及下渗水携带的REE分解沉淀和以吸附于粘土矿物上的方式富集，也容易使Ce^3+氧化成Ce^4+，与HCO3^-形成稳定的可溶性络合物随下渗雨水流走，从而使Ce进一步亏损。（2）残积土演化阶段，轻、重稀土发生明显分异，Ce^3+氧化成Ce^4+并发生水解沉淀，致使下渗水富重稀土而贫Ce，最终使REE在剖面上显示出一般风化壳共有的分异特征。另外，根据对碳酸盐岩中的酸不溶物、可溶性稀土的提取以及质量平衡计算，碳酸盐岩能够提供足够的REE物源；以可溶态为主的赋存状态有利于REE的淋滤（活化）。

巢湖悬浮物中稀土元素（REE）的物源精确示踪作用

采用化学连续提取和等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定法,对安徽巢湖悬浮颗粒物中稀土元素的含量、赋存形态和配分模式进行了研究，结果表明：巢湖悬浮物中稀土总量在19，20-174，82mg/kg之间,东西两个湖区含量差异明显,东半湖区高于西半湖区，巢湖东西湖区悬浮物残渣态稀土元素具有截然不同的页岩标准化配分模式,东半湖区为轻稀土富集型,西半湖区为重稀土富集型,说明巢湖东西湖区具有明显不同的物质来源，巢湖东半湖区和西半湖区悬浮物稀土元素赋存形态比例也不同,东半湖区为残渣态〉铁锰氧化物结合态》有机结合态、AEC态;西半湖区为铁锰氧化物结合态〉残渣态》有机结合态、AEC态,这是由于巢湖水体从西到东受到的污染强度减轻造成的,稀土元素赋存形态可以作为判别湖泊污染程度的新依据.

云南会泽铅锌矿床脉石矿物方解石REE地球化学

方解石是云南会泽铅锌矿床最重要的脉石矿物，原生矿石中三种产状（即团块状状、团斑状和脉状）方解石的REE含量、有关参数和配分模式都有一定的差异，但不同产状方解石之间以及同种产状方解石的REE地球化学特征具有连续变化规律。分析结果表明：矿区原生矿石中三种产状方解石为同源不同阶段形成的产物；矿床成矿流体具有多来源特征，地幔流体在成矿流体形成过程中具有重要作用；成矿流体在演化过程REE含量逐渐降低；成矿环境由相对还原向相对氧化变化。

REE characteristics of the Fanshan alunite deposit in Zhejiang Province, China

REE geochemistry data from the Fanshan alunite deposit indicated that its ore-forming materials came chiefly from the country rocks, with δCe〉0 for alunite ores. According to the differences in δEu, the alunite ores were divided into three types： weak negative Eu anomaly, weak positive Eu anomaly and remarkable positive Eu anomaly. The phenomena of Ce-enrichment in the ores indicated that the Fanshan alunite deposit was formed in an oxidizing environment. Variations in fO2 are corresponding to those in δEu： Eu anomaly varies from negative to positive with increasing fO2. And two other important factors may impact the occurrence of Eu anomalies： the contents of alkaline feldspar and the protolith structure in the mineralization period.

锡矿山热液方解石的REE分配模式及其制约因素

锡矿山锑矿床中成矿期热液成因方解石的REE分配模式表现出明显的MREE、HREE富集，LREE亏损特征;且早、晚两期方解石的REE分配模式有所不同，晚期方解石REE分配曲线相对平缓，REE系列元素之间的分馏不如早期方解石明显。初步研究表明，早期方解石存在强烈的REE分馏作用，暗示成矿早期可能有类似独居石的矿物生成；方解石中REE分配行为与角闪石中的REE分配行为非常类似，晶体化学因素对其REE分配模式起着重要的制约作用，REE在方解石中的这种分配行为与溶液体系中REE络合物的稳定性无关；方解石中REE最佳替代位置的离子半径大约为0．091±0．001nm，明显小于理想的Ca^2+；这种最佳置换位置并非由Ca^2+自身，而是由方解石晶体结构决定的。