On the tensile behaviors of a hard chromium coating plated on a steel substrate with periodic subsurface inclusions

The tensile behaviors of a hard chromium coating plated on a steel substrate with periodic laser pre-quenched regions have been investigated by experimental and theoretic analysis. In the experiment, three specimens are adopted to study the differences between homogeneous and periodic inhomogeneous substrates as well as between periodic inhomogeneous substrate of relatively softer and stiffer materials. The unique characteristics have been observed in the specimen of periodic inhomogeneous substrate under quasi-static tension loading. With the periodic laser pre-quenched regions being treated as periodic subsurface inclusions (PSI), the unique stress/strain pattern of the specimen is obtained by analytical modeling and FEM analysis, and the mechanisms accounting for the experimental results is preliminarily illustrated.

Simultaneous determination of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) of bioavailable fraction in bottom mud by flow injection-atomic absorption spectroscopy

A rapid and sensitive method for separation and determination of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in bottom mud of lake by flow injection on-line preconcentrtion system and GFAAS was developed. The available Cr(VI) and Cr(III) were extracted by HOAc or EDTA + NH4 NO3 and adsorbed simultaneously by an anion and a cation resin microclummn and then eluted simultaneously by 2 mol/L NH4 NO3 + 0.05 mol/L ascorbate and 2 mol/L H2SO4, respectively. The elution was performed for 50 s after adsorption for 2 min, and the efficiencies of elution were 85.4% - 94.8% and 96.7% - 106% for Cr(VI) and Cr(M) respectively. The detection limits of the method were 0.9 mu g/L and 2.7 mu g/L with relative standard deviations of 3.5% and 6.4% for the determination of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in sample, respectively.

Isolation and characterization of novel marine Roseobacter clade members producing unique intracellular chromium-rich aggregates

The marine Roseobacter clade comprises one of the largest fractions of heterotrophic marine bacteria and accounts for about 16% of 16S rRNA gene clones retrieved from marine bacterioplankton. Their global distribution seems to be related to oceanic water masses and their environmental and biogeochemical properties. In this study, we report isolation and characterization of novel Roseobacter clade members from the Yellow Sea, China. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences reveals that the new isolates (YSCB1, YSCB2, YSCB3 and YSCB4) are closely related to uncultured Arctic seawater bacterium R7967 (99.57-100% sequence identity) and to the cultured Roseobacter sp. DSS-1 (99.27-99.76% sequence identity) isolated from the southeastern coastal water of the USA. Interestingly, YSCB strains possess unique intracellular chromium-containing aggregates. Therefore, these novel Roseobacter clade members exhibit a peculiar property in mineral biogeneration. (c) 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and structural characterization of (pyrazolyl)alkenyl Fischer carbene complexes of chromium and tungsten

Michael addition of substituted pyrazoles 2 to 1-alkynyl Fischer carbene complexes (CO)(5)M=C(OEt)(CdropCPh) (1) (a, M = Cr and b M = W) afforded (pyrazolyl)alkenyl Fischer carbene complexes (CO)(5)M=C(OEt)(CH=C(R(1)R(2)R(3)pz)Ph) (R(1)R(2)R(3)pz = pyrazolyl) 3 (M = Cr) and 4 (M = W), respectively, with an exclusive (E)-configuration in mild to excellent yields. The reaction of la and 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (2b) was monitored to demonstrate the formation and decomposition of complex 3b by H-1 NMR measurements in CDCl3 at 23degreesC. Complexes 3 and 4 were characterized with H-1, C-13{H-1} NMR, IR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. When the substituted pyrazoles were 3-methylpyrazole (2a) and 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazole (2d), molecular structures of the corresponding (pyrazolyl)alkenyl Fischer carbene complexes 3a and 4d were characterized by X-ray crystallographic study. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.