The Flow Theory of Mechanism-Based Strain Gradient Plasticity

The flow theory of mechanism-based strain gradient (MSG) plasticity is established in this paper following the same multiscale, hierarchical framework for the deformation theory of MSG plasticity in order to connect with the Taylor model in dislocation mechanics. We have used the flow theory of MSG plasticity to study micro-indentation hardness experiments. The difference between deformation and flow theories is vanishingly small, and both agree well with experimental hardness data. We have also used the flow theory of MSG plasticity to investigate stress fields around a stationary mode-I crack tip as well as around a steady state, quasi-statically growing crack tip. At a distance to crack tip much larger than dislocation spacings such that continuum plasticity still applies, the stress level around a stationary crack tip in MSG plasticity is significantly higher than that in classical plasticity. The same conclusion is also established for a steady state, quasi-statically growing crack tip, though only the flow theory can be used because of unloading during crack propagation. This significant stress increase due to strain gradient effect provides a means to explain the experimentally observed cleavage fracture in ductile materials [J. Mater. Res. 9 (1994) 1734, Scripta Metall. Mater. 31 (1994) 1037; Interface Sci. 3(1996) 169].

Analysis of instability of a cylindrical soap film of finite dimensions

By means of experiments of instability of a uniform cylindrical soap film, Boys had showed that the bubble molded by the film is unstable when its length is greater than its circumference. Recently that is generally called the Rayleigh Criterion. In this paper, a linear theory in hydrodynamics is applied to analyze the stability of the cylindrical soap film supported by two equal size disks; all conditions of the stationary wave on the end plates of two disks are given. From here we get that the Rayleigh Criterion on the stability of the cylindrical soap film is proved.

Experimental Investigation Of Influence Of Interfacial Tension On Convection Of Two-Layer Immiscible Liquid

Benard-Marangoni convections of two-layer fluids heated from the bottom are investigated experimentally with a particle imagine velocimetry. The flows are visualized from the side, and various velocity fields near the onset of convection, such as three-layer vortex convective patterns, are observed when the depth ratio varies in a wide range. A new classification of the convective patterns is proposed with more detail than in previous studies. The analysis of the results indicates that the interface tension greatly influences the motion intensities of the bottom and top layers. The dimensionless wave number increases with the Bond number when the motion in the top layer is not more intense than that in the bottom layer, which agrees with the theoretical prediction.

Talbot-SNOM method for non-contact evaluation of high-density gratings

A Talbot scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) method for non-contact evaluating of high-density gratings was described. This method combines the Talbot self-imaging effect of the gratings and the conventional SNOM technique without damage. The significant advantages of this method are its simple structure, reliable and fast measurement for the surface quality of the tested gratings. Experimental results of three different kinds of gratings were demonstrated to indicate that this method is effective for evaluation surface quality of high-density gratings. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

发散光束小尺度自聚焦特性的研究

研究了发散光束的小尺度自聚焦效应。从非线性傍轴波动方程出发，利用坐标变换，推导出发散光束小尺度扰动的传输方程，进而得到小尺度扰动增长的临界频率、最大增长频率和相应B积分值的变化规律。研究了发散光束初始曲率半径对小尺度自聚焦效应的影响。结果表明，对于一定的传输距离，随着发散光束初始曲率半径的减小，小尺度扰动的最大增长频率减小，相应的最大增益减小，即B积分值也减小。对于一定的初始曲率半径，随着传输距离的增大，B积分值增长变缓，并最终停止。利用局部能量守恒定律研究了发散光束的成丝距离，发现小的初始曲率半径可以延

水迷宫大鼠脑内记录神经元放电的装置

本发明涉及一种水迷宫大鼠脑内记录神经元放电的装置，属神经电生理学实验装置。该装置由固定在大鼠头上的微电极微推进器(2)，固定在微电极微推进器(2)的保护盒(12)上的前置放大器(3)，通过电缆(5)与前置放大器(3)的输出端相连的后置放大器(6)，与后置放大器(6)的输出端相连的滤波器(7)，分别与滤波器(7)和摄像镜头(1)连接的行为、电生理数据记录系统(8)组成。具有能够在大鼠进行水迷宫训练及测试的同时，记录并观察大鼠脑内相关神经元电活动情况，所用装置防水性能良好、抗干扰性强，结构轻便，实用性强等优点。

土壤锗污染对土壤微生物的生态毒理效应

着重讨论土壤添加Ge对土壤微生物的生态效应及土壤Ge污染临界含量。盆栽试验表明,在土壤Ge含量2～2 0 0mgkg-1范围,低浓度Ge对土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌有刺激作用,随着浓度增高,而交替出现抑制和刺激作用。土壤Ge浓度与明亮发光杆菌T3发光度之间有极显著的负相关性,按照T3发光度80 %和10 0 %为临界值,计算得土壤Ge临界浓度分别为5 0 2mgkg-1和5 8mgkg-1。

再论广州七星岗海蚀地形发现的意义

自从笔者发现刊于中山大学日报1937—05—20的《十公尺海蚀台地之发现》一文后，吴尚时已被公认是广州七

基于双肖特基接触GaN薄膜特性参数测试新方法

提出了一种GaN薄膜电学参量测试新方法.该方法基于双肖特基结二极管结构,利用非对称的电极图形获取整流特性,从而省去了复杂的欧姆接触形成工艺,可方便地导出电子电导迁移率和肖特基接触理想因子等特征参数.对残留载流子浓度为7×1016 cm-3 的非故意掺杂GaN薄膜进行了试验,新方法得到Ni/Au-GaN肖特基接触的理想因子为2.8,GaN薄膜方块电阻为491Ω和电子电导迁移率为606cm2/(V·s).这些典型参数与利用欧姆接触实验和普通Ni/Au-GaN肖特基二极管测试所得结果较为吻合.该方法为半导体薄膜测试提供了新思路,可推广用于难以形成良好线性欧姆接触或材料特性受欧姆接触工艺影响较大的外延材料及其金半接触的监测研究.

Alpha decay half-lives of new superheavy elements through quasimolecular shapes

The lifetimes of alpha decays of the recently produced isotopes of the elements 112, 114, 116 and the element (294)118 and of some decay products have been calculated theoretically within the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation. The alpha decay barriers have been determined in the quasimolecular shape path within a generalized liquid drop model including the proximity effects between nuclei in a neck, the mass and charge asymmetry and the precise nuclear radius. These calculations provide reasonable estimated for the observed alpha decay lifetimes. The calculated results have been compared with the results of the density-dependent M3Y effective interaction and the experimental data. It is indicated that the theoretical foundation of the generalized liquid drop model is as good as that of the microscopic DDM3Y model, at least in the sense of predicting the T-1/2 values as long as one uses a correct alpha decay energy. The half lives of these new nuclei are well tested from the consistence of the macroscopic, the microscopic and the experimental data.