42 resultados para Caro, Annibal, 1507-1566.

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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从粘性不可压扰动方程一阶改型形式出发,对其实现了高精度对称紧致差分离散,就导出的扰动线性特征值问题给出了一个高效双重迭代局部解法,以相同精度将特征值和特征函数同时得到。通过不可压平面Poiseuille流时间稳定性算例详细对比显示了算法良好的谱分辨能力和较弱的网格依赖性,并结合复矩阵广义特征值隐式单位移QZ算法获取了一个新的扰动特征值谱计算结果。

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A laser-discrete quenched steel (LDQS) substrate/as-deposited chromium (top high-contraction (HC) and underlying low-contraction (LC) chromium) system was investigated by dissolving coatings in order to reveal the mechanism that the service life of the coated parts is largely improved using the hybrid technique of laser pre-quenching plus chromium post-depositing. It was found that the surface characteristics of the substrate, LC and HC chromium layer can be simultaneously revealed owing to the dissolution edge effect of chromium coatings. Moreover, the periodical gradient morphologies of the LDQS substrate are clearly shown: the surfaces of laser transformation-hardened regions are rather smooth; a lot of fine micro-holes exist in the transition zones; there are many micro-dimples in the original substrate. Furthermore, the novel method of dissolving coatings with sharp interfaces may be used to reveal the structural features of a substrate/coating system, explore the effect of the substrate on the initial microstructure and morphologies of coatings, and check the quality of the coated-parts.

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使用简单的爆推模型估算爆推快点火过程及其结果。首先由ns级主驱动激光直接驱动,形成中心低密度高温热斑,周围为高密度低温主燃料区,两区压力平衡(等压模型);然后用ps级超短超强激光打入,产生超热电子,其能量在低温主燃料区沉积,主燃料区发生爆炸,一部分向外飞散,一部分向内压缩中心热斑。在这个爆推模型下,热斑体积压缩比为64,中子产率将有极大的提高,相应的中子产额和能量增益得到提高。离子温度因为主燃料区质量过大,提高不大。提高超热电子能量,或者减小低温主燃料区质量,离子温度将会显著提高。不同的初始离子温度对结果

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A real-time, in situ fixing method by use of heating with a CO2 laser beam is suggested for thermal fixing of a small local hologram in the bulk of a Fe:LiNbO3 photorefractive crystal. For heating up to 100 degrees C-200 degrees C a volume with a shape similar to that of the laser beam a heat-guiding technique is developed. On the basis of the heat-transfer equations, different heating modes with or without metal absorbers for heat guiding-obtained by use of a continuous or pulsed laser beam are analyzed. The optimal mode may be pulsed heating with absorbers. On this basis experiments have been designed and demonstrated. It is seen that the fixing process with CO2 laser beam is short compared with the process by use of an oven, and the fixing efficiency is quite high. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America.

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abstract {LaF3 single-layer coatings were prepared by thermal boat evaporation at the deposition temperatures of 189, 255, 277 and 321°C respectively. The crystal structures of the coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). A spectrophotometer was employed to measure its transmittance. Moreover, refractive index, extinction coefficient and cut-off wavelength were obtained from the measured transmittance spectral curve. The residual stress was evaluated by the Stoney's equation and optical interferometer. Laser induce damage threshold (LIDT) was performed by a tripled Nd:YAG laser system. The results show that the crystallization status becomes better with the deposition temperature increasing. Correspondingly, the grain size also gets larger. Meanwhile, the coatings become more compact and the refractive index increases. However, the absorption of coatings seriously rises and the cut-off wavelength drifts to the long wave. In addition, the residual stress also increases and the intrinsic stress plays a determinant role in the coating. The LIDT of the coating also enhances at high temperature.}

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本研究采用室外盆栽试验,模拟运动场坪床结构,研究不同氮肥种类、不同施氮频率、施氮和降雨时间间隔对草地早熟禾草坪质量、草坪生长和无机氮淋洗的影响,并探讨在北京地区气候条件下,草坪在不同氮肥管理措施下的氮素去向及环境风险。主要结论如下: 1. 氮肥种类对草坪质量和草坪生长有显著影响。试验前期(春季),草坪颜色和密度质量、草坪草生长速度和草屑全氮含量的排序为尿素 > CU3M(自研包膜尿素)> IBDU(进口缓释肥),而试验后期(秋季)则为CU3M = IBDU > 尿素。草坪合格颜色质量持续时间和成坪速度的排序为尿素 > CU3M > IBDU。在新建草坪选择缓释肥进行早春施肥时,应混施一定比例的速效肥。 2. 施氮频率对草坪外观质量评分、草坪生长速度、草屑总生物量、草屑全氮含量和根系分布状况有显著影响。U6处理的草坪合格颜色质量持续时间最长,增加施氮频率没有降低新建草坪生长速度和草屑全氮含量的波动幅度。 3. 夏季(6~8月)渗漏液体积占全年的比例最高,为75.0%~82.4%。新建草坪初期的淋洗风险较大,渗漏液硝态氮浓度在第1次超过10 mg N•L-1,尿素分6次施用可降低这次的渗漏液硝态氮浓度。在合理施氮量内,草坪成熟后的无机氮淋洗量很小,且草坪对雨水中的无机氮有吸收和过滤作用。 4. 春季施用氮肥的吸收利用率为48.0%~72.6%,草屑吸收量最高,占38.5%~48.7%,地上部吸收量占19.6%~22.1%,根系吸收量在7.3%以下。施肥处理的无机氮淋洗损失量仅为0.23~0.42 g N•m-2,与CK无显著差异,草地早熟禾12 g N•m-2的年施氮量对环境的风险很小。 5. 初秋施氮5 g N•m-2,可以保持草地早熟禾秋季的良好颜色和密度质量,草坪草氮素吸收利用率高达87.4%~99.7%,其中草屑带走量占24.3%~34.2%,地上部吸收量占43.3%~59.6%,根系吸收量占14.2%~19.1%。 6. 施氮和模拟降雨的时间间隔对渗漏液硝态氮浓度有显著影响,间隔6 d和9 d模拟降雨后的渗漏液硝态氮浓度最高,显著高于间隔3 d和12 d模拟降雨的结果。初秋合理施氮的渗漏液硝态氮浓度在1.0 mg N•L-1 以下,环境风险较小。

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C应用聚合酶链式反应’NOP(分别扩增了羚牛Q绵羊Q山羊Q黄牛细胞色素R基因H并对其全序 列’##&"RS(进行了测定I其中羚牛细胞色素R基因序列属首次报道I通过对$种偶蹄类动物细胞 色素R基因序列差异分析和基于序列差异所构建的分子系统树H发现羚牛与羊亚科的动物亲缘关 系最近H与其他动物亲缘关系较远H表明将羚牛放入羊亚科较为合理I序列差异分析还表明羚牛约 在距今G""万年前’上新世(从牛类动物中分化出来H牛类分化时间约在L""万年前的中新世 ’T8*<5-5(

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对6只笼养滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)进行了随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)及遗传多样性分析.用45个10bp随机短引物对每只滇金丝猴的基因组DNA进行了扩增,平均每个个体观察到的RAPD标记约为130个左右,单个引物获得的标记在1~7个之间.80%的RAPD标记表现为无多态的单型性.个体间的遗传距离为0.052,表明笼养滇金丝猴群体的遗传多样性很低.此研究结果与在蛋白多态研究中得到的一致.贫乏的遗传多样性一方面使目前处于濒危境地的滇金丝猴生存情况更加危险,同时其本身也可能是造成目前滇金丝猴濒危的原因之一.另外,通过成对的遗传距离分析,构建了这一群滇金丝猴的谱系关系图,提出了让遗传距离较远的个体间进行交配的笼养繁育计划.

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本文研究了不同重碳酸盐(HCO_3~-)碱度2.3mmol/L(ALK2.3)和12.4mmol/L(ALK12.4)条件对蛋白核小球藻光合活性、色素组成、丙二醛(MDA)含量与胞外多糖的影响.实验结果表明,碱度增加对蛋白核小球藻光合活性呈促进-抑制-促进效应,ALK2.3对光合活性影响的强度高于ALK12.4.碱度增加提高叶绿素b/叶绿素a(Chl.b/Chl.a)的值,降低类胡萝卜素/叶绿素(Caro/TChl)的值,并且ALK12.4条件下对藻细胞的作用程度强于ALK2.3.此外碱度增加刺激蛋白核小

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采用0.1mg/L的微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)处理烟草BY-2悬浮细胞,测定了细胞活力、细胞内活性氧(ROS)及抗氧化系统的变化.结果表明,处理144h后,BY-2的细胞活力与对照相比无显著差异,但是处理细胞的ROS含量随着MC-RR处理时间的延长而迅速上升,96h后,细胞的ROS含量与对照差异显著;毒素处理细胞的过氧化物酶(POD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性明显升高,分别在处理48h和72h后与对照差异显著;细胞中还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量有一个先下降后升高的过程,96h后,MC-RR处理

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单细胞绿藻是淡水水体中浮游植物的重要组成部分 ,也是淡水生态系统中主要的初级生产者 ,其在适应外界环境CO2 浓度变化的过程中 ,细胞内形成了一种主动转移无机碳的机制———CO2 浓缩机制(CO2 concentratingmechanism ,CCM ) .该机制能使细胞在核酮糖 2 磷酸羧化氧化酶 (rubisco)固碳位点提高CO2 浓度 ,以增加光合作用和减少光呼吸 .本文综述了这种机制中的无机碳转移模型和不同环境因子 (光、温度、CO2 浓度和营养水平 )对它的调控作用 ,以期促进深入开展浮游植