10 resultados para Candida albicans -- immunology

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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蛇毒和蜂毒是提供药理学活性分子的丰富来源,它们富含肽和蛋白,包括一 些酶类和毒素。 丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物体内,参与许多重要的 生理过程,如血液凝集、纤维蛋白溶解、细胞凋亡、发育以及炎症反应和补体活 化等(van Gent D. et al., 2003)。通过凝胶过滤、离子交换和反向高压液相色谱, 我们从金环蛇毒液中纯化得到一种天然的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,命名为 bungaruskunin。并且从该蛇的毒腺cDNA 文库中克隆到了它的核苷酸序列。 bungaruskunin 预测的前体由83 个氨基酸组成,包括含有24 个氨基酸的信号肽 和含有59 个氨基酸的成熟肽。它与一种由红腹伊澳蛇(Pseudechis porphyriacus) 的cDNA 预测到的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂blackelin 具有最大相似性,达64%。 Bungaruskunin 是一种Kunitz 型的蛋白酶抑制剂,具有一个保守的Kunitz 结构域, 能够抑制胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶和弹性蛋白酶。通过对金环蛇毒腺cDNA 文库 的筛选,我们还得到了另外两条β-bungarotoxin B 链,Bungaruskunin 的整体结 构与β-bungarotoxin B 链相似,特别是它们都具有高度保守的信号肽序列。这些 发现强烈地表明蛇毒Kunitz/BPTI 蛋白酶抑制剂与神经毒性的类似物可能起源于 共同的祖先。 肥大细胞脱粒肽是从膜翅目昆虫的毒液中鉴别出的一个小肽家族,是一种具 有潜在的药物治疗作用的诱导活性分子(Xueqing Xu et al., 2006)。来源于蜂类的 缓激肽样的类似物vespakinin 家族是一种具有调节和激素功能的活性成分,与哺 乳动物和两栖动物的缓激肽类似(Nakajima T., 1984)。本研究对三种胡蜂的 毒液进行了一系列的活性检测,发现黑尾胡蜂的蜂毒对白色念珠菌Candida albicans 和金黄色葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus aureus 有抑制作用。凹纹胡蜂和黑尾 胡蜂的蜂毒具有微弱的磷酯酶A2 活性。通过凝胶过滤和反向高压液相色谱,没 有得到相关的活性组分。通过对三种胡蜂毒腺cDNA 文库的筛选,我们得到了2 条来源于黑尾胡蜂的核苷酸序列,Blast 分析表明,其中一条编码类似肥大细胞 脱粒肽,但未克隆到全长,序列比对结果显示其与来源于大胡蜂(Vespa magnifica) 的Mastoparan-like peptide 12c precursor(GenBank accession A0SPI0)的核苷酸序 列相似性达98%(Xueqing Xu et al., 2006);另一条编码缓激肽类似物,命名为 Hw-bradykinin,序列比对结果显示其与来源于大胡蜂(Vespa magnifica)的 vespakinin-M precursor(GenBank accessionABG75944)的核苷酸相似率达96% (Zouhong Zhou et al., 2006)。

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抗菌肽是一类具有强大杀菌能力的肽类分子,同时还具有离子调节、免疫调节、蛋白酶抑制剂和自由基清除等其他生物活性。现已鉴定的抗菌肽超过1,200 种,几乎存在于所有生物种类中。在抗生素耐受严重的今天,抗菌肽极有潜力成为新型的有效抗菌药物,许多抗菌肽已进入临床前研究或临床研究。在本论文中,我们选择了无指盘臭蛙(Odorrana grahami)来源的三种抗菌肽(Brevinin 2E-OG1、Nigrocin-OG4 和Palustrin-OG1),单独或组合使用,以藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)和白假丝酵母菌(Candida albicans)为研究对象,进行微生物对抗菌肽耐受性的实验诱导;并通过检测胞外蛋白酶活性、蛋白质组学等方法对微生物耐受抗菌肽机制进行初步的研究。将微生物培养于含有低浓度抗菌肽(单独使用或组合使用)培养基中,每日转接一次,每十次酌情提高抗菌肽浓度。80 次转接后,除藤黄微球菌未对 Palustrin-OG1 产生耐受外,其余所有的实验菌株均表现出对所用三种抗菌肽的耐受。但是Palustrin-OG1 与Brevinin 2E-OG1 或Nigrocin-OG4 联合使用能在一定程度上降低耐受性。将诱导后细菌于不含抗菌肽条件下培养,转接5 次后,对耐受现象无影响,说明这种耐受是可以稳定遗传的。抗菌肽耐受机制之一是分泌蛋白酶水解胞外抗菌肽,我们通过两种方式检测胞外蛋白酶活性,一种是检测发酵液的酪蛋白水解活性,另一种是检测发酵液处理抗菌肽后对抗菌活性的影响。结果发现枯草芽孢杆菌和藤黄微球菌发酵液存在着蛋白酶活性,推测胞外蛋白酶可能与二者对抗菌肽的耐受有关;而白假丝酵母菌发酵液中未检测到蛋白酶活性。另外,我们还通过蛋白质组学的手段对枯草芽孢杆菌耐受机制进行了初步的研究,鉴定了5 个差异表达的蛋白,表达上调的蛋白有yraA(功能未知)、Tpx (巯基过氧化物酶,Thiol peroxidase)、pdhD(二氢硫辛酰胺脱氢酶,dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase),表达下调的有cotN/TasA(芽孢膜相关蛋白,spore coat-associated protein)和gapA(三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶,Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 ,GAPDH)。yraA 和Tpx 都由Spx 调控,yraA 可以水解小肽增加自由氨基酸,而自由氨基酸增多时gapA、tasA 表达水平会下降,Spx 是由sigma-M 因子调控的,所以我们推测sigma-M 因子在B. subtiis 对抗菌肽耐受中起到了重要的作用。总之,本研究发现抗菌肽的联合作用会减缓微生物对其耐受的程度,为抗菌肽类药物研发提供了一种新思路;同时对抗菌肽耐受机制的初步研究也为今后的深入研究打下了基础。另外,我们还设计了一种新型的抗菌肽系统命名方法,并构建了昆明动物研究所抗菌肽数据库。

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由于采样条件和培养条件的限制,深海微生物研究的较少,因此目前海洋微生物资源的研究主要集中在近海和浅海。而深海独特的生态环境,使微生物形成了独特的代谢体系,成为新颖化合物的重要来源,具有很好的开发应用前景。本文首次较为系统的研究了深度为1758-3600m南海海底沉积物中深海微生物资源的分离和活性菌株的筛选情况,旨在为探索我国南海深海微生物资源提供一定的科学依据。 采用多种分离培养基从6个不同深度(1758、2620、3200、3500、3587和3600m)的南海深海沉积物样品中,分离到225株深海微生物,包括40株放线菌和185株细菌。以分离得到的225株深海微生物为研究对象,从产蛋白酶、抗真菌、杀虫三个方面进行活性菌株的筛选,研究南海深海沉积物中的微生物资源状况: (1).将分离到的225株深海微生物,同时在10℃、28℃、45℃三个温度下进行产低温蛋白酶、中温蛋白酶、高温蛋白酶的筛选。初筛结果表明:这225株深海微生物大都有大小不同的产蛋白酶能力。10℃有产蛋白酶的有109株,28 ℃产蛋白酶的有160株,45℃产蛋白酶的有117株。筛选到一株在45℃下有较强产蛋白酶能力的菌株B1394,其酶活可达873U/ml,有一定的应用前景。通过形态观察、生理生化测定、16SrDNA序列测定,将B1394定名为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。其粗酶液性质研究发现:最适酶活温度60℃,最适pH 8.0, 40℃、50℃和60℃热稳定性较好, Mn2+ 、Mg2+ 、Ca2+对该蛋白酶有激活作用,Hg2+ 、Fe3+ 、Cu2+ 、Zn2+ 、 Fe2+对其有抑制作用,苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)几乎完全抑制其活性,推断为丝氨酸蛋白酶。 (2).对其中100株深海细菌和40株深海放线菌,以立枯丝核菌( Rhizoctonia solani)和白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)为靶菌进行了抗真菌活性的筛选。初筛结果表明:分别有37株和35株深海细菌对立枯丝核菌和白色念珠菌有抑菌活性,分别占被检测细菌数目的37%和35%;有18株深海放线菌对立枯丝核菌有抑制作用,占被检测放线菌总数的45%。筛选到一株有较强抗真菌活性的深海放线菌SHA6,其发酵液对包括尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)在内的10种植物病原菌有明显的抑制作用。对其发酵液的理化性质进行初步研究发现SHA6发酵液具有良好的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性, 对SHA6进行分子生物学鉴定后将其初步定名为为橙色单胞菌(Aurantimonas altamirensis)。 (3).以卤虫为初步筛选模型,对其中的20株深海放线菌进行了杀虫方面的筛选,结果发现有5个深海放线菌菌株表现有较强的杀虫活性。其中深海放线菌SHA4发酵液的乙酸乙脂提取物杀卤虫的活性最强,在浓度为100μg/ml时杀卤虫活性为83%,而在浓度400ppm时,48h可以杀死38%的甜菜夜娥。对SHA4进行分子生物学鉴定后将其初步定为拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis sp)。 总之,本论文阐明了我国南海深海沉积物中微生物资源状况的初步研究结果,为进一步开发利用我国南海深海微生物资源奠定了基础。

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The bioactivity screening of fractions from two inter-tidal sponges collected from the north of China Yellow Sea and one sponge collected from the South Chinese Sea was reported in this study. In sponge Hymeniacidon perleve there were 9 fractions out of 15 from CHCl3 extract with anti Staphylococcus aureus activity, 9 fractions out of 19 from BuOH extract with anti Escherichia coli activity, and three fractions from CHCl3 extract which had moderate to strong activity in inhibiting Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Aspergilus niger. The fractions of Reniochalina sp. showed bioactivity against bacteria and fungi. The fractions of Acanthella acuta Schmidt showed bioactivity against S. aureus and fungi. One compound from H. perleve obtained by the bioactively directing isolation was tested for bioactivity against the human hepatoma cell line Qgy7701 (IC50 10.1 mug/ml), Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Raji (IC50 9.76 mug/ml) and chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 (IC50 1.90 mug/ml). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Asperamides A (1) and B (2), a sphingolipid and their corresponding glycosphingolipid possessing a hitherto unreported 9-methyl-C-20-sphingosine moiety, were characterized from the culture extract of Aspergillus niger EN-13, an endophytic fungus isolated from marine brown alga Colpomenia sinuosa. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods as (2S,2'R,3R,3'E,4E,8E)-N-(2'-hydroxy-3'-hexadecenoyl)-9-methyl-4,8-icosadien-1,3-diol (1) and 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,2'R,3R,3'E,4E,8E)-N-(2'-hydroxy-3'-hexadecenoyl)-9-methyl-4,8-icosadien-1,3-diol (2). In the antifungal assay, asperamide A (1) displayed moderate activity against Candida albicans.

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海洋微生物拥有丰富多样的次生代谢途径,其中海洋生物内生真菌次生代谢产物研究日益受到天然产物化学界的重视。本论文以菌丝体生物量、发酵产物重量、抗菌与细胞毒活性、薄层色谱分析结果以及高效液相色谱分析结果等为评价依据对采自青岛沿海的13株海藻内生真菌在四种液体培养基上的静置发酵产物进行了综合评价,并从中选择了黑曲霉Aspergillus niger EN-13(分离自褐藻囊藻Colpomenia sinuosa)和杂色曲霉A. versicolor EN-7(分离自褐藻鼠尾藻Sargassum thunbergii)两株真菌进行了30升规模发酵(分别采用GPYM培养基和PDB培养)和化学成分的研究,对分离得到的大部分化合物进行了初步的生物活性筛选。 发酵提取物采用常规的硅胶柱层析、反相硅胶柱层析,凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、制备薄层层析、半制备高效液相色谱以及重结晶等分离手段,得到单体化合物。利用各种现代波谱技术(IR、UV、EI-MS、FAB-MS、HR-ESI-MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、DEPT、1H-1H COSY、HSQC、HMBC等)并结合化学方法从两种菌株发酵提取物中鉴定了55个化合物的结构。其中从菌株A. niger EN-13分离鉴定了31个化合物,发现9个新化合物,包括2个鞘酯类化合物(AN-1~2)、3个萘并-γ-吡喃酮类化合物(AN-3~5)、3个苯乙基取代的α-吡喃酮类化合物(AN-17, AN-19~20)和1个甾体Diels-Alder加成产物(AN-21),另有1个新的天然环二肽(AN-27)被分离鉴定;从菌株A. versicolor EN-7分离鉴定了24个化合物,发现2个新化合物,为蒽醌AV-12与AV-17,另外,从前一菌株(A. niger EN-13)中鉴定的2个新鞘酯类化合物(AN-1~2)在A. versicolor EN-7中也被再次分离到。 对大部分单体化合物进行了抗菌活性、DPPH自由基清除活性和细胞毒活性测试。结果显示新化合物AN-1、AN-5和AN-20具有弱或中等强度的抑制白色念珠菌生长的活性,AN-4、AN-5、AN-21显示了弱或中等强度的抑制黑曲霉生长的活性,AV-12、AV-17显示了弱的抑制大肠杆菌生长的活性。在DPPH自由基清除活性筛选中,AN-5显示了中等强度的活性,其EC50为109.3 mM,与阳性对照BHT相近(EC50为81.8 mM)。其它部分已知化合物在抗菌和DPPH自由基清除活性的筛选中也显示了弱或中等强度的活性。在针对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721和人肺腺癌细胞株A549的体外细胞毒活性筛选中,所测样品均未显示显著活性。

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The characteristic of biodiesel fuel production from transesterification of soybean oil is studied. The reactant solution is the mixture of soybean oil, methanol, and solvent. A new lipase immobilization method, textile cloth immobilization, was developed in this study. Immobilized Candida lipase sp. 99-125 was applied as the enzyme catalyst. The effect of flow rate of reaction liquid, solvents, reaction time, and water content on the biodiesel yield is investigated. Products analysis shows that the main components in biodiesel are methyl sterate, methyl hexadecanoate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, and methyl linolenate. The test results indicate that the maximum yield of biodiesel of 92% was obtained at the conditions of hexane being the solvent, water content being 20 wt%, and reaction time being 24 h.

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Cu, Zn superoxide dismutases (SODs) are rnetalloenzymes that represent one important line of defence against reactive oxygen species (ROS). A cytoplasmic Cu. Zn SOD cDNA sequence was cloned from scallop Chlamys farreri by the homology-based cloning technique. The full-length cDNA of scallop cytoplasmic Cu, Zn SOD (designated CfSOD) was 1022 bp with a 459 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 153 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence of CfSOD shared high identity with cytoplasmic Cu. Zn SOD in molluscs, insects, mammals and other animals, such as cytoplasmic Cu, Zn SOD in oyster Crassostrea sostrea gigas (CAD42722), mosquito Aedes aegypti (ABF18094), and cow Bos taurus (XP_584414). A quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was developed to assess the mRNA expression of CfSOD in different tissues and the temporal expression of CfSOD in scallop challenged with Listonella anguillarum, Micrococcus luteus and Candida lipolytica respectively. Higher-level mRNA expression of CfSOD was detected in the tissues of haemocytes, gill filaments and kidney. The expression of CfSOD dropped in the first 8-16 h and then recovered after challenge with L. anguillarum and M. litteus, but no change was induced by the C. lipolytica challenge. The results indicated that CfSOD was a constitutive and inducible acute-phase protein, and could play an important role in the immune responses against L. anguillarum and M. luteus infection. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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C-type lectin is a family of Ca2+ dependent carbohydrate-recognition proteins which play crucial roles in the innate immunity of invertebrates by mediating the recognition of host cells to pathogens and clearing microinvaders as a pattern recognition protein (PRP). The cDNA of Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri C-type lectin (designated CFLec-1) was cloned by expressed sequence tag (EST) and RACE techniques. The full-length cDNA of CFLec-1 was 1785 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 66 bp and an unusually long 3' UTR of 1040 bp with seven polyadenylation signal sequences AATAAA and a poly(A) tail. The CFLec-1 cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 221 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 15 amino acid residues and a mature protein of 206 amino acids. Analysis of the protein domain features indicated a typical long-form carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of 130 residues in the CFLec-1 deduced amino acid sequence. The expression pattern of CFLec-1 transcripts in healthy and bacterial challenged scallops was studied by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. mRNA transcripts of CFLec-1 could be mainly detected in the tissues of haemocytes, gill, gonad and mantle of unchallenged scallops, whereas the expression of CFLec-1 transcripts was increased in all the tested tissues after heat-killed Vibrio anguillarum challenge. The temporal expression of CFLec-1 mRNA in haemolymph challenged by Micrococcus luteus and V anguillarum was both up-regulated and reached the maximum level at 8 and 16 It post stimulation, respectively, and then dropped back to the original level. In order to investigate its immune functions, CFLec- I was recombined and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-pLysS as a fusion protein with thioredoxin. The recombinant CFLec-1 agglutinated bacteria E. coli JM109 in vitro, and the agglutination was Ca2+ dependent which could be inhibited by EDTA. But it did not agglutinate M. luteus, Candida lipolytica and animal erythrocytes including rabbit, rat, mouse, chicken, human group A, human group B, human group O. Meanwhile, the recombinant CFLec-1 could inhibit the growth of both E. coli JM 109 and M. luteus, but no inhibition activity against V anguillarum. These result indicated that CFLec-1 was a constitutive and inducible PRP which was involved in the reorganization and clearance of invaders in scallop. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.