The remarkable effect of In2O3 on the catalytic activity of In/HZSM-5 for the reduction of NO with CH4

In/HZSM-5/ln(2)O(3) catalyst that contained two different kinds of In induced by the impregnating and the physical mixing method respectively has shown remarkable activity for the CH4-SCR of NOx comparing with In/HZSM-5. The addition of In2O3 into In/HZSM-5 improved the NO conversion through enhancing the adsorption of NOx over In/HZSM-5.

On the selectively catalytic reduction of NOx with methane over Ag-ZSM-5 catalysts

The catalytic performance of silver-modified ZSM-5 catalysts in the selectively catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with methane was investigated. NO was selectively reduced by CH4 to N-2 in the presence of excess O-2, and the catalytic activity depended on both the activation of CH4 and the adsorption properties of NOx. Silver incorporated in ZSM-5 zeolite activated CH4 at low temperatures and lowered the "light-off" temperature for the CH4-SCR of NOx. Temperature-programmed (TP) spectroscopy studies depicted that surface nitrosyl species directly decomposed to N-2 in the absence of O-2. CH4 could not effectively reduce surface nitrosyl species, but might facilitate the direct decomposition of NO through the removal of surface oxygen. Surface nitrates were formed in NO and O-2 coexisting system and could be effectively reduced by CR4 to nitrogen. The priority of surface nitrates to O-2 in the reaction with CH4 clearly demonstrated that CH4 selectively and preferentially reduced the surface nitrate species to N-2 in the excess of oxygen. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

On the correlation between microstructural changes of Ag-H-ZSM-5 catalysts and their catalytic performances in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by methane

The silver catalyzed, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by CH4, is shown to be a structure-sensitive reaction. Pretreatment has a great affect on the catalytic performances. Upon thermal treatment in inert gas stream, thermal induced changes in silver morphology lead to the formation of reduced silver species of clusters and particles. Catalysis over this catalyst indicates an initially higher activity but lower selectivity for the CH4-SCR of NOx Reaction induced restructuring of silver results in the formation of ill-defined silver oxides. This, in turn, impacts the adsorption properties and diffusivity of oxygen over silver catalyst, results in the decrease in activity but increase in selectivity of Ag-H-ZSM-5 catalyst for the CH4-SCR of NO.. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of addition of Zn on the catalytic activity of a Co/HZSM-5 catalyst for the SCR of NOx with CH4

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by methane in the presence of excess oxygen was studied on a Zn-Co/HZSM-5 catalyst. It was found that the addition of Zn could improve effectively the selectivity of methane towards NOx reduction. When prepared by a coimpregnation method, the Zn-Co/HZSM-5 catalyst showed much higher catalytic activity than the two catalysts of a Zn/Co/HZSM-5 and Co/Zn/HZSM-5 prepared by the successive impregnation method. It is considered that there exists a cooperative effect among the Zn, Co and zeolite, which enhances the reduction of NO to NO2 reaction and the activation of methane. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Pd/sulfated alumina - a new effective catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with CH4

Sulfated alumina (SA) is firstly found to be an effective support for Pd catalyst used in the SCR of NO with methane. The sulfation is important to increase support's acidity which is essential for the reduction of NO over Pd catalysts. On consideration of the lower cost and easier availability of SA, we believe that SA is more promising to act as the commercial support for Pd catalyst used in the SCR of NO with methane.

内蒙古草原CH4 通量的DNDC 模型模拟

甲烷（CH4）是增温效应仅次于二氧化碳（CO2）的重要温室气体。内蒙古草原是欧亚温带草原的重要类型，具有典型的生态地域代表性。如何理解该区域CH4 交换的时空格局与环境控制、不同土地利用类型的源汇特征以及CH4 通量对气候变化的响应、对于我们进一步理解全球变化与陆地生态系统关系具有十分重要的意义。本研究以内蒙古草原锡林河流域为对象，首次在国内应用DNDC 生物地球化学模型模拟干草原和河漫滩湿地的CH4 通量，预测CH4 循环对未来气候变化的响应，并对该区域干草原的CH4 吸收进行了区域模拟估算。结果表明： 1.在模型中添加植被生长节律与土壤CH4 吸收的关系函数后，DNDC 模型能够准确地模拟锡林河流域干草原CH4 吸收的大小及其年变化。土壤温度、土壤水分和植被生长状况是影响干草原大气CH4 吸收的主要因素。 2.水位，土壤温度，质地和植被生长节律是控制河漫滩湿地CH4 通量的主要因子。根据有限水位测定值估算模拟周期内全部水位数据的方法能够应用于模拟水位相对比较稳定区域的未知时期水位。经过该修正的DNDC 模型能够较为准确的捕获锡林河流域河边湿地的CH4 排放通量的大小及年变化。 3.干草原和湿地年CH4 通量对温度变化敏感，而对降水量变化不敏感，其中湿地比干草原对温度变化的响应更加敏感。 4.温度升高可显著地促进干草原和湿地的日CH4 吸收和排放能力，其CH4 通量的增加均表现出明显的季节性差异。干草原日CH4 通量对降水量增加20% 的响应并不显著，而河漫滩湿地的响应虽显著，变幅却很小且增减程度不同。 5.与2005 年相比，2050 年干草原河漫滩湿地的CH4 吸收和排放量将分别增加10%和77%。锡林河流域CH4 通量对未来气候变化产生正反馈作用，并且湿地CH4 排放对未来气候变化的响应大于干草原CH4 吸收的响应。未来气候变化将增加锡林河流域CH4 源强度。 6. 锡林河流域干草原CH4 吸收量达2.42Gg C•yr-1。干草原CH4 吸收量的空间异质性较大，各栅格单元（0.01 ×0.01 度）的CH4 吸收量变化为0-404.6 kg C，其中大部分区域CH4 吸收量变化在150-250 kg C•yr-1 之间。草甸草原的大气CH4 吸收能力显著高于典型草原。干草原CH4 吸收率平均为2.59 kg C• ha-1 •yr-1。干草原CH4 吸收量的空间异质性是土壤有机质含量、土壤质地、土壤温度湿度，植被类型等因素共同作用的结果，与单一变量的关系并不明显。