176 resultados para CD 34

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


Relevância:

70.00% 70.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Cd in GaAs is an acceptor atom and has the largest atomic diameter among the four commonly-used group-II shallow acceptor impurities (Be, Mg, Zn and Cd). The activation energy of Cd (34.7 meV) is also the largest one in the above four impurities, When Cd is doped by ion implantation, the effects of lattice distortion are expected to be apparently different from those samples ion-implanted by acceptor impurities with smaller atomic diameter. In order to compensate the lattice expansion and simultaneously to adjust the crystal stoichiometry, dual incorporation of Cd and nitrogen (N) was carried out into GaAs, Ion implantation of Cd was made at room temperature, using three energies (400 keV, 210 keV, 110 keV) to establish a flat distribution, The spatial profile of N atoms was adjusted so as to match that of Cd ones, The concentration of Cd and N atoms, [Cd] and [N] varied between 1 x 10(16) cm(-3) and 1 x 10(20) cm(-3). Two type of samples, i.e., solely Cd+ ion-implanted and dually (Cd+ + N+) ion-implanted with [Cd] = [N] were prepared, For characterization, Hall effects and photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed at room temperature and 2 K, respectively. Hall effects measurements revealed that for dually ion-implanted samples, the highest activation efficiency was similar to 40% for [Cd] (= [N])= 1 x 10(18) cm(-3). PL measurements indicated that [g-g] and [g-g](i) (i = 2, 3, alpha, beta,...), the emissions due to the multiple energy levels of acceptor-acceptor pairs are significantly suppressed by the incorporation of N atoms, For [Cd] = [N] greater than or equal to 1 x 10(19) cm(-3), a moderately deep emission denoted by (Cd, N) is formed at around 1.45-1.41 eV. PL measurements using a Ge detector indicated that (Cd, N) is increasingly red-shifted in energy and its intensity is enhanced with increasing [Cd] = [N], (Cd, N) becomes a dominant emission for [Cd] = [N] = 1 x 10(20) cm(-3). The steep reduction of net hole carrier concentration observed for [Cd]/[N] less than or equal to 1 was ascribed to the formation of (Cd, N) which is presumed to be a novel radiative complex center between acceptor and isoelectronic atoms in GaAs.

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

利用水族箱实验研究了伊乐藻的现存量以及POD和SOD活性在Hg2+、Cd2+及其联合胁迫下的响应特点.结果表明:Hg2+和Cd2+对伊乐藻的联合毒性大于单一的毒性;在Hg2+20μmol.L-1,或Cd2+80μmol.L-1,或Hg2++Cd2+50μmol.L-1([Hg2+]/[Cd2+]=1/4)时,植物现存量增加的百分比与金属离子浓度负相关;高于上述浓度时,植物现存量减少的速率明显降低.POD和SOD活性的变化趋势相似,在6 h时,其活性在低于40μmol.L-1的Hg2+、或160μmol.L

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In the case of suspension flows, the rate of interphase momentum transfer M(k) and that of interphase energy transfer E(k), which were expressed as a sum of infinite discontinuities by Ishii, have been reduced to the sum of several terms which have concise physical significance. M(k) is composed of the following terms: (i) the momentum carried by the interphase mass transfer; (ii) the interphase drag force due to the relative motion between phases; (iii) the interphase force produced by the concentration gradient of the dispersed phase in a pressure field. And E(k) is composed of the following four terms, that is, the energy carried by the interphase mass transfer, the work produced by the interphase forces of the second and third parts above, and the heat transfer between phases. It is concluded from the results that (i) the term, (-alpha-k-nabla-p), which is related to the pressure gradient in the momentum equation, can be derived from the basic conservation laws without introducing the "shared-pressure presumption"; (ii) the mean velocity of the action point of the interphase drag is the mean velocity of the interface displacement, upsilonBAR-i. It is approximately equal to the mean velocity of the dispersed phase, upsilonBAR-d. Hence the work terms produced by the drag forces are f(dc) . upsilonBAR-d, and f(cd) . upsilonBAR-d, respectively, with upsilonBAR-i not being replaced by the mean velocity of the continuous phase, upsilonBAR-c; (iii) by analogy, the terms of the momentum transfer due to phase change are upsilonBAR-d-GAMMA-c, and upsilonBAR-d-GAMMA-d, respectively; (iv) since the transformation between explicit heat and latent heat occurs in the process of phase change, the algebraic sum of the heat transfer between phases is not equal to zero. Q(ic) and Q(id) are composed of the explicit heat and latent heat, so that the sum Q(ic) + Q(id)) is equal to zero.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

在电弧炉中利用吸铸法制备了直径1-4 mm的原位生成TiC和β-Ti枝晶联合增强的块状Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8非晶合金复合材料.DSC热分析结果表明,原位生成TiC颗粒的引入,没有影响基体合金的非晶形成能力.用OM,XRD,SEM,EDS等方法研究了复合材料的相组成、微观组织以及成分分布,结果表明,TiC颗粒作为异质形核中心促进了β-Ti枝晶的形成,形成了TiC颗粒和β-Ti枝晶联合增强的块状Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8非晶合金复合材料,而且β-Ti枝晶的尺寸和数量与TiC颗粒的多少以及试样的尺寸有关.室温压缩试验表明,同单相非晶合金相比,块状Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8非晶合金复合材料提高了抗压强度及塑性.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

细胞色素b6f蛋白复合体(Cyt b6f)是光合链中连接两个光系统(PSII 和PSI)的中间电子载体蛋白复合物,其主要的生理功能是催化电子传递和质子跨膜转移,形成跨膜质子电化学梯度,为ATP的合成提供能量,在光合作用光能转化过程中占有很重要的地位。细菌和莱茵衣藻Cyt b6f的晶体结构已于2003年底获得了近原子水平的解析,但有关该复合物中两种色素(Chl a和β-Car)的生理功能及其机理尚无明确的解释。预计它们将成为今后几年的研究热点,因为揭示Cyt b6f蛋白复合体中Chl a和β-Car分子的生理功能对于进一步阐明光合作用高效转能及其调控的分子机理具十分重要的意义。鉴于目前尚未见到海洋绿藻Cyt b6f的报道,本文以海洋绿藻—假根羽藻(Bryopsis corticulans)类囊体膜上的Cyt b6f蛋白复合体为对象,对其中的类胡萝卜素的分子结构与生理功能进行了比较系统地研究。 首先,我们改进了原用于菠菜类囊体膜Cyt b6f的分离、纯化流程,在原流程的基础上增加了一次2 mol/L NaBr洗膜,彻底地去除了膜表面的杂蛋白;还调整了第二次硫酸铵分级沉淀时的饱和度,并将38-45%饱和度下的沉淀物确定为需要收集的Cyt b6f制剂。采用此改进的流程,我们首次从假根羽藻类囊体膜中分离纯化了高活性、高纯度的Cyt b6f制剂。SDS-PAGE分析的结果显示该制剂的4个多肽亚基 (Cytf 、Cyt b6 、Rieske[Fe-s]及亚基IV)的表观分子量分别为34.8、24.0、18.7和16.7 kD;Cyt b6 / f 比值接近2.0, 其纯度值为9.9 nmol cyt f/mg;其催化电子传递的活性 (C10-PQH2→PC)为73 e/s。HPLC 和共振拉曼光谱分析表明,假根羽藻Cyt b6f中的类胡萝卜素为α-胡萝卜素分子,它是一种在Cyt b6f中尚未报道过的类胡萝卜素。定量分析表明,每个假根羽藻Cyt b6f单体中全反式(all-trans)和9顺式(9-cis)α-胡萝卜素的含量分别为0.2和0.7个分子,另外还含有1.2分子的Chl a。CD光谱分析表明该9-cis-α-胡萝卜素处在一个不对称的蛋白环境中。TLC分析表明该制剂是一种缺脂的Cyt b6f蛋白复合体。 采用稳态荧光激发光谱,时间分辨吸收光谱及Chl a的光破坏实验对假根羽藻Cyt b6f中α-胡萝卜素的功能进行了研究。结果表明,Cyt b6f中α-胡萝卜素可以将它吸收的光能传递给Chl a,其能量传递效率为62.4%,提出α-胡萝卜素分子与Chl a分子之间的单线态能量传递是遵从Föster 机制进行的;α-胡萝卜素分子对Chl a分子有一定的光保护作用,这种保护作用是通过清除单线态氧来实现的。另外还发现Cyt b6f中的Chl a分子可能与其周围的氨基酸残基存在相互作用,认为这是其进行自我光保护的一种方式。 此外,还采用HPLC研究了光和暗交替对假根羽藻Cyt b6f中α-胡萝卜素构型的影响,并对假根羽藻Cyt b6f选择结合α-胡萝卜素的原因进行了初步的分析。

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

渤海湾沿岸人口密集,工农、航运发达,渤海自身净化能力非常有限。因此,渤海湾 环境污染的压力越来越大,主要污染物包括重金属和持久性有机污染物的。四角蛤蜊广泛 分布于渤海湾海域,是一种重要的经济贝类,对污染物具有较强的富集能力。为了研究不 同站点渤海湾四角蛤蜊软体部重金属含量,选择大港油田、高沙岭码头、涧河村三个断面 进行研究,对不同站点四角蛤蜊软体部重金属含量进行了分析和讨论,最后对水生动物的 POPs 毒理调控通道进行了探索性研究,得到以下结果: 1. 通过比较渤海不同站点四角蛤蜊软体部重金属含量分布特征和方差分析,发现四 角蛤蜊软体部必需重金属元素含量较高,而非必需重金属元素含量较低,这是由于必需重 金属元素具有重要的生理功能作用。侧重比较A、B 两个断面各站位间四角蛤蜊软体部重 金属含量,发现虽然各站位间分布规律不明显,但各站位间差异显著。 2. 利用简单相关回归分析金属元素间及其与生物学性状间的关系,发现Mn 与Zn 之 间,Cu 与Zn 间均存在显著正相关,Se 与As、Cd 间存在显著正相关。另外,A 断面,BL 与Cd 含量显著负相关其回归方程为:Y(Cd)=-1395.97+88.34(BL);R=0.633;在B 断面,利用BW 和BH 分别与Cd 和As 显著负相关和显著正相关,其回归方程分别为:BW 和Cd 的回归方程为:Y(Cd)=-1968.80+220.72(BW);R=0.656。BH 和As 的回归方 程为:Y(As)=1496.86+227.82(BH);R=0.656。 3. 利用PLS(偏最小二乘分析)方法分析,发现五个生物学性状都与Co、As 呈正相 关,而与Cr、Pb、Se 呈负相关,而与必须重金属元素相关不明显。进一步分析表明表明 渤海湾海域中Co、As 含量低于四角蛤蜊正常生长发育的需要,而Cr、Pb、Se 的含量超过 四角蛤蜊正常生长发育所需的量。最后,通过PLS-DA 分析方法,发现C 站点样品能与A、 B 两个断面的站点区分开,而A、B 间未能区分开,反映了渤海湾三个断面的实际污染状 况。 4. 四角蛤蜊软体部重金属含量进行风险评价,首先,利用单因子污染指数法比较分析, 发现从1997 年-2008 年,渤海湾四角蛤蜊软体部Cd 的污染水平在不断降低,现在其含量 已低于《海洋生物质量标准》(第二类)标准。而Cr、As 有污染的趋势,需要引起重视。 然后,利用金属污染指数法进行比较研究,发现B 断面>A 断面>C 断面。最后,利用《人 体消费卫生标准》进行比较分析,发现Cd、Ni 存在轻度污染,因此需要加强其污染源的 控制。 5. 渤海湾污染物除了重金属外,还存在一些典型持久性有机污染物。为进一步揭示 二者间协同毒理机制,利用分子系统学方法,对芳香烃受体通道进行了探索性研究,发现 水生动物AhR通道基因在进化过程中发生了适应性进化,对进一步研究重金属和POPs对双 壳贝类的毒理机制具有参考价值。

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

在自然条件下,采用人工模拟水缸培养方法,研究了湖泊底泥不同Cu、Cd处理对沉水植物伊乐藻生长、叶绿素含量以及Cu、Cd吸收和积累的影响。结果表明,较低浓度Cu刺激伊乐藻的生长(生物量、叶绿素),高浓度抑制伊乐藻的生长;随着Cd处理浓度的增加,伊乐藻的生物量、叶绿素含量均一直降低,在底泥Cd含量为168.69mg·kg-1DW(含背景值)时,植株出现死亡。随着Cu处理浓度的增加,伊乐藻体内的Cu含量一直增加,在底泥Cu含量为414mg·kg-1DW(含背景值)时,根部、叶部的富集系数均达到最大(0.21和0

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

利用微宇宙系统研究了不同浓度的Hg2+、Cd2+单一及复合处理下,苦草对这三种胁迫的响应。三种胁迫下,3d内苦草现存量增加百分比与金属离子浓度间显著负相关,其中在[Hg2+]或[Hg2++Cd2+]([Hg2+]/[Cd2+]=1)>5μmol/L时,2~3d可致死;总生产力、净生产力、呼吸强度以及叶绿素含量均随着金属离子浓度的增加而下降,同时叶绿素含量还随着胁迫时间的延长而降低,但上述四个指标在低浓度胁迫时常略有升高;可溶性蛋白含量在[Hg2+]或[Hg2++Cd2+]≤2.5μmol/L、以及[Cd2

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

通过测定植物的丙二醛(MDA)含量、酸溶性SH含量以及两种抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶SOD和愈创木酚过氧化物酶GPX)的酶活,研究了重金属镉(Cd)和铜(Cu)对美人蕉(Cannaindica Linn.)的氧化胁迫。结果表明,20μmol·L~(-1)和100μmol·L~(-1)的Cd~(2+)和Cu~(2+)均使其根部MDA含量显著增加,但除了100μmol·L~(-1)的Cd~(2+),叶部MDA含量无明显变化。与Cu~(2+)相比,Cd~(2+)能引起植物根部GSH的明显提高,并能诱导PCs的产生

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

863计划资助(2002AA601021); 973计划(2002CB412309)资助