蓝藻Anabaenasp.strainPCC7120中一种可诱导的CO_2浓缩机制(CCM)

为了探讨蓝藻Anabaenasp .strainPCC71 2 0在外源无机碳浓度变化时 ,其光合作用对CO2 和HCO-3 的利用特性 ,制备了高CO2 适应细胞 (High CO2 growingcells ,HCG细胞 ) .Anabaenasp .strainPCC71 2 0HCG细胞的生长速率高于LCG细胞 (Low CO2 GrowingCells) ,即在空气中生长的细胞 .当HCG细胞从 5 %CO2 转移到空气中时 ,其碳酸酐酶活性升高 ;它对外源无机碳的表观光合作用亲合力明显提高 ,

Convective coupled map for simulating spatiotemporal chaos in flows

A coupled map lattices with convective nonlinearity or, for short, Convective Coupled Map (CCM) is proposed in this paper to simulate spatiotemporal chaos in fluid hows. It is found that the parameter region of spatiotemporal chaos can be determined by the maximal Liapunov exponent of its complexity time series. This simple model implies a similar physical mechanism for turbulence such that the route to spatiotemporal chaos in fluid hows can be envisaged.

绿藻CO_2浓缩机制的研究进展

单细胞绿藻是淡水水体中浮游植物的重要组成部分 ,也是淡水生态系统中主要的初级生产者 ,其在适应外界环境CO2 浓度变化的过程中 ,细胞内形成了一种主动转移无机碳的机制———CO2 浓缩机制(CO2 concentratingmechanism ,CCM ) .该机制能使细胞在核酮糖 2 磷酸羧化氧化酶 (rubisco)固碳位点提高CO2 浓度 ,以增加光合作用和减少光呼吸 .本文综述了这种机制中的无机碳转移模型和不同环境因子 (光、温度、CO2 浓度和营养水平 )对它的调控作用 ,以期促进深入开展浮游植

Construction and analysis of a high-CO2-requiring mutant of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp strain PCC7120

A mutant of Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120 requiring high CO2 was generated using Tn5 mutagenesis. This is the first data for a filamentous cyanobacterium. The mutant was capable of growing at 5% CO2, but incapable of growing at air levels of CO2. Southern hybridization analysis indicated that the Anabaena genome was inserted by the transposon at one site. The apparent photosynthetic affinity of the mutant to external dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was about 300 times lower that of the wild type (WT), and the medium alkalization rate as well as the carboxysomal carbonic anhydrase activity of the mutant was also lower than those of the WT. When the mutant was transferred from the culture medium bubbled with 5% CO2 to higher DIC (8.4% CO2) or 1% CO2, it showed similar responses to the WT. However, aberrant carboxysomes were found in the mutant cells through ultrastructural analysis, indicating it was most probably the wrong organization of the carboxysomes that eventually led to the inefficient operation of carboxysomal carbonic anhydrase and the subsequent defectiveness of the mutant in utilizing DIC.

An inducible CO2 concentrating mechanism in cyanobacterium Anabaena sp strain PCC7120

In order to define its characteristics of the photosynthetic utilization of CO2 and HCO3- when the ambient inorganic carbon changed, HCG (High-CO2-Growing Cells) of cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120 were prepared. The growth rate of HCG was higher than that of LCG (low-CO2-growing cells, i.e. air-growing cells). When the HCG cells were transferred from 5% CO2 to air levels of CO2 , a series of changes took place: its carbonic anhydrase activity as well as its photosynthetic affinity to the external inorganic carbon significantly increased; the number of the carboxysomes, which is one of the most important components of CCM in cyanobacteria also increased. These facts indicated that the CCM activity of Anabaena PCC 7120 was induced. When the pH in the medium increased from 6 to 9, the photosynthetic affinity to external inorganic carbon of both HCG and LCG declined, while the apparent photosynthetic affinity to external CO2 increased. In the light of these findings, this inducible CCM in cyanobacteria provided a good model for the study of the photosynthetic Ci utilization in the phototrophic microoganisms.

分组密码工作模式的研究现状

分组密码工作模式是利用分组密码解决实际问题的密码方案．好的工作模式可以弥补分组密码的某些缺憾；相反，不好的工作模式可能带来安全隐患．工作模式的研究始终伴随着分组密码的研究历史，新的分组密码标准的推出，都会伴随着相应工作模式的研究．从针对DES的ECB、CBC、CFB和OFB，到针对AES的CTR、CCM、CMAC、GCM和AESKW，作者以各种模式标准为主线，介绍分组密码工作模式的设计理念、安全模型、二十多年的研究成果以及发展现状．

一种用于软件通信体系结构的构件模型

软件通信体系结构(SoftwareCommunicationsArchitecture,简称SCA)已被软件无线电(SoftwareDefinedRadio,简称SDR)论坛采纳为嵌入式系统的标准通信软件结构。SCA提供了一种支持通信软件和硬件可移植、可配置、可扩充和可重用的软件平台,但作为构件框架时仍显不足,主要是缺乏明确的构件模型。在研究CORBA构件模型(CORBAComponentModel,简称CCM)基础上,提出了适用于SCA的轻量级(Lightweight,简称Lw)CORBA构件模型———LwCCM。

光导纤维pH传感器的光化学pH敏感高分子膜及pH响应性能

pH指示剂在高分子载体上的固定化研究是应光导纤维pH传感器的发展要求而发展起来的新的研究领域。pH指示剂在高分子固态载体上的固定直接决定着光导纤维pH传感器的灵敏度、响应时间、寿命等性能。迄今，吸附、包埋和化学键合三利，固定方法已得到广泛应用。吸附法与包埋法简单易行，但因指示剂易于逸出而无法保证试剂相的使用稳定性及寿命；化学键合法目前仅限于对含氨基等高反应活性基团的指示剂固定。另外，这三种固定技术均存在试剂相与分析对象呈现固／液两相分离的问题，它严重制约了传感器响应性能，成为pH指示剂固定技术发展的“瓶颈”。改善、发展与寻找新的指示剂／载体固定配对体系已成为本领域的研究焦点。本论文针对上述问题，开拓与发展了一系列指示剂固定于固态高分子载体上的新体系。（一）首先开拓与发展了酚红／交联聚乙烯醇与邻甲酚红／交联聚乙烯醇固定对的新体系。在酸性条件下，以甲醛做交联剂，通过在玻璃板上倾涂聚乙烯醇甲醛的凝胶溶液制备了高亲水性的交联聚乙烯醇载体膜；然后采用接枝共聚反应将丙烯酞胺单体与通过酸碱反应接枝有酚红或邻甲酚红的丙烯酞胺混合物接枝固定到交联聚乙烯醇薄膜上，首次将不含氨基的酚红、邻甲酚红在高亲水性的聚乙烯醇载体上固定。利用紫外可见光光谱仪测试了其响应性能。结果表明，固定化指示剂的光谱行为与其相应的水溶液的光谱行为不一致，这可能是固定化过程中新的化学键生成以及载体与指示剂之间的相互作用如氢键的作用等引起的。这也导致了其pH响应范围与相应指示剂水溶液的响应范围的差异。固定酚红交联聚乙烯醇pH敏感膜的pH响应范围为pH=6.72～8.49；固定邻甲酚红交联聚乙烯醇pH敏感膜的两个响应范围分别为［H~+］=0.1mol／L～5mol／L和pH7.97～12.26。这种方式制备的这两种pH敏感薄膜均表现出优异的可重复使用性、可逆性、稳定性及易于制备的特点。更突出的优点在于，与以聚丙烯酰胺为基质直接固定酚红的薄膜（PAM-PR）相比，这种固定技术制备的敏感膜，当其与分析剂溶液接触时，其接枝于表面的水溶性高分子溶解，呈现“液态”，在固态基质表面形成一“液膜”层，从而消除了试剂相与分析剂之间的相界面，克服了指示剂固定化技术中的“瓶颈”问题，大幅度地提高了其响应速度与灵敏度，使响应时间从PAM-PR的数十分钟降至30秒以下。（二）开拓了刚果红醋酸纤维素包埋对的pH敏感膜（CCM）及刚果红／环氧氯丙烷交联聚乙烯醇（PECM）和甲醛交联聚乙烯醇（PFCM）的三种pH敏感膜新体系，测试并比较了三种膜的响应性能。结果表明，固定化刚果红的光谱性质和响应范围与刚果红水溶液不一致，而且用不同载体固定的刚果红的光谱特征与响应范围也各不相同。CCM的响应范围为pH＝2.5～4.5，PECM的响应范围在［H~+］=2mol/L～pH＝6.8之间，PFCM响应范围为pH＝2.90～5.48。这也可能是固定化过程中的氢键效应、空间位阻、指示剂与载体间发生的化学反应不同及载体本身结构的差异等引起的。这三种膜也具有良好的重现性、可逆性及响应迅速（平均响应时间低于25秒）的特点。另外发现醋酸纤维素包埋刚果红的敏感膜具有特殊的稳定性。对这种特殊的稳定性原因的分析表明选择合适尺寸分子的指示剂与载体配对将可能克服包埋技术中指示剂逸出的缺点。（三）对制备的pH敏感膜及对应的水溶液的pH线性响应范围给出了相应的线性回归方程（R＞98.2）。结果表明这些敏感膜对响应范围内的pH均具有良好的线性响应关系。这些结果与思想不仅丰富了光导pH传感器的试剂相内容，也为后续工作提供了一些有益的借鉴。

Response of cyanobacterial carbon concentrating system to light intensity: a simulated analysis

Cyanobacteria possess a delicate system known as the carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM), which can efficiently elevate the intracellular inorganic carbon (Ci) concentration via active transportation. The system requires energy supplied by photosystems; therefore, the activity of the Ci transporter is closely related to light intensity. However, the relationship between CCM and light intensity has rarely been evaluated. Here, we present an improved quantitative model of CCM in which light is incorporated, and developed a CCM model that modified after Fridlyand et al. in 1996. Some equations used in this model were inducted to describe the relationship between transport capacity and light intensity, by which the response of the CCM to light change is simulated. Our results indicate that the efficiency of the carbon concentrating system is sensitive to light intensity. When the external Ci concentration was low, CO2 uptake dominated the total Ci uptake with increasing light intensity, while under high external Ci concentrations HCO3- uptake primarily contributed to the total Ci uptake. Variations in the ratio of energy allocated between the transport systems could markedly affect the operation of CCM. Indeed, our simulations suggest that various combinations of Ci fluxes can provide a possible approach to detect the way by which the cell distributes energy produced by the photosystems to the two active Ci transport processes. The proportion of the energy consumed on CCM to the total energy expenditure for the fixation of one CO2 molecule was determined at 18%-40%.

Improvement of direct methanol fuel cell performance by modifying catalyst coated membrane structure

A five-layer catalyst coated membrane (CCM) based upon Nation 115 membrane for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) was designed and fabricated by introducing a modified Nafion layer between the membrane and the catalyst layer. The properties of the CCM were determined by SEM, cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, ruinous test and I-V curves. The characterizations show that the modified Nation layers provide increased interface contact area and enhanced interaction between the membrane and the catalyst layer. As a result, higher Pt utilization, lower contact resistance and superior durability of membrane electrode assembly was achieved. A 75% Pt utilization efficiency was obtained by using the novel CCM structure, whereas the conventional structure gave 60% efficiency. All these features greatly contribute to the increase in DMFC performance. The DMFC with new CCM structure presented a maximum power density of 260 MW cm(-2), but the DMFC with conventional structure gave only 200 mW cm(-2) under the same operation condition. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.