维生素C���步发酵新组合菌G.529及其应用

本文筛选一株苏芸金杆菌与氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌组成的新组合菌G. B529，并对其生物学性质进行研究，结果表明：新组合菌的摇瓶发酵转化率较原菌系提高4.83个百分点，发酵速度快，且具有耐受高浓度（10%）山梨糖的特性。为使G. B529的潜能得到最大程度的发挥，对其影响因素进行研究。首先应用均匀设计方法确立了G. B529的发酵培养基优化配比，在所实验的范围内，发酵转化率与玉米浆浓度成正相关性，尿素浓度 1．45%佩W/V)时，转化率达最大。其次种液各参数对发酵影响实验确立了判断种子质量高低的方法。结果显示种液中的大菌OD值一1.6 X小菌OD值可以作为种液的质量指数。最后对种子质量的影响实验显示适当提高玉米浆、葡萄糖等成分的浓度与降低尿素的浓度及调高pH值均有利于种液质量的改善。同时低接种量、大通气量和选择种龄为14小时均有助于种液质量指数的提高。 新组合菌系在选定的条件下枷3罐中4批发酵显示出很强的发酵能力，平均醇酸转化率较对照提高8.16个百分点，周期缩短10.6小时。其在300M3罐中生产试用行，连续26批次的平均醇酸转化率达87.40%,较生产用菌提高3.32个百分点。平均周期也缩短1．3小时。

蝙蝠科三种蝙蝠的G-带和C-带

对肺、心等进行组织培养,用空气干燥法制作染色体标本,对贵州3种蝙蝠即中华鼠耳蝠(Myotischinensis)、西南鼠耳蝠(M.altarium)和亚洲长翼蝠(Miniopterus fuliginosus)进行了G-带、C-带带型分析.结果表明,2种鼠耳蝠的G-带基本相同,亚洲长翼蝠的G-带与两种鼠耳蝠有一定同源性;C-带核型中,中华鼠耳蝠和亚洲长翼蝠只有着丝粒带,而西南鼠耳蝠有的染色体有插入C-带和端位C-带.根据带型异同分析讨论了鼠耳蝠和长翼蝠间的进化关系.

水稻OsGF14-c���因功能的初步分析

GF14是一类在高等植物的基本代谢﹑信号转导﹑抗逆以及转录调节等多种生理生化途径中发挥重要作用的基因。这类基因是14-3-3基因家族的成员，由于启动子结构中具有一个保守的G-Box元件而得名。我们根据该类基因的保守序列合成特异性探针，从水稻中花10号花的cDNA文库中筛选到一个基因，通过全长测序以及同源比较，发现它的核酸序列与NCBI数据库中注册的水稻GF14-c���因有高达99%的同源性，并在其上游启动子区也发现了一个保守的G-Box元件，从而确定该基因是水稻的GF14-c���因，我们把它命名为OsGF14-c���OsGF14-c���cDNA全长1154bp，编码256个氨基酸。序列分析表明该基因与酵母同源基因BMH2有71%的同源性，构建真核表达载体pdYES2，借助LiAC���化法将pdYES2导入BMH2缺陷型酵母菌株GG3000，筛选获得了补偿BMH2功能的重组酵母菌株PYGG。OsGF14-c���因的启动子区域具有一个典型的﹑高等植物特有的顺式作用元件G-Box元件，提示该基因可能与转录因子相互作用，洋葱表皮瞬时表达实验验证了OsGF14-c���核定位的。构建原核表达载体pGF-c2转化大肠杆菌XL1-Blue，筛选获得了表达GF14c-MBP融合蛋白的重组菌株，利用直链淀粉亲和层析纯化了OsGF14c-MBP融合蛋白。为了研究该基因在水稻的生长发育过程中所起的作用，我们以OsGF14-c���因的全长cDNA序列构建反义表达载体载体p35sCAMVF，并分别以OsGF14-c cDNA序列的特异区段以及保守区段构建了RNAi表达载体US和UT。将p35sCAMVF﹑US和UT借助农杆菌介导的转化分别导入水稻愈伤组织,培养成苗并进行遗传学分析。我们的工作对今后深入研究OsGF14-c���因的功能奠定了一定的基础。

Spectral characterization of transparent (Nd0.01Y0.94La0.05)(2)O-3 laser ceramics

The spectrum properties of transparent (Nd0.01Y0.94La0.05)(2)O-3 ceramics were investigated. It was found that all absorption bands of (Nd0.01Y0.94La0.05)(2)O-3 ceramics are broadened, of which the full width at half maximum of the peak centered at 804 nm is 8 nm and its absorption cross section is 1.02x10(-20) cm(2). The emission cross section of (Nd0.01Y0.94La0.05)(2)O-3 ceramics located at 1078 nm is 5.71x10(-20) cm(2) and its fluorescent lifetime is 0.214 ms, which are similar to those of 1.0 at. %Nd:Y2O3 ceramics. These indicate that (Nd0.01Y0.94La0.05)(2)O-3 transparent ceramics has excellent spectroscopic properties.

Cooperative up-conversion luminescence of ytterbium doped yttrium lanthanum oxide transparent ceramic

The up-conversion luminescence of Yb3+-doped yttriurn lanthanum oxide transparent ceramic was investigated. It was ascribed to cooperative luminescence originated from the coupled states of the Yb3+ ion pairs. The proper doping of La2O3 can remove the cooperative luminescence of Yb3+ ion. But excessive La2O3 (at least 10 at.%) the cooperative up-conversion of Yb3+:Y2O3 is obtained again, and the intensity of up-conversion luminescence strengthens with the increase of La2O3 content. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evolutionary history of the mtDNA 9-bp deletion in Chinese populations and its relevance to the peopling of east and southeast Asia

In total, 1218 Chinese from twelve ethnic groups and nine Han geographic groups were screened for the mtDNA 9-bp deletion motif. The frequency of the 9-bp deletion in all samples was 14.7% but ranged from 0% to 32% in the various ethnic groups. Three individuals had a triplication of the 9-bp segment. Phylogenetic and demographic analyses of the mtDNA hypervariable segment 1 (HVS1) sequences suggest that the 9-bp deletion occurred more than once in China. The majority of the Chinese deletion:haplotypes (about 90%) have a common origin as a mutational event following an initial expansion of modem humans in eastern Asia. Other deletion haplotypes and the three haplotypes with a 9-bp triplication may have arisen independently in the Chinese, presumably by replication error. HVS1 haplotype analysis suggests two possible migration routes of the 9-bp deletion in east and southeast Asia. Both migrations originated in China with one route leading to the Pacific Islands via Taiwan, the other to southeast Asia and possibly the Nicobar Islands. Along both routes of peopling, a decrease in HVS1 diversity of the mtDNA haplotypes is observed. The "Polynesian motif (16217T/C, 16247A/G, and 16261C/T)" and the 16140T/C, 16266C/A, or C/G polymorphisms appear specific to each migration route.

Evolution of the DRD2 gene haplotype and its association with alcoholism in Mexican Americans

The human D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) plays a central role in the neuromodulation of appetitive behaviors and is implicated in having a possible role in susceptibility to alcoholism. We genotyped an SNP in DRD2 Exon 8 in 251 nonalcoholic, unrelated, healthy controls and 200 alcoholic Mexican Americans. The DRD2 haplotypes were analyzed using the Exon 8 genotype in combination with five other SNP genotypes, which were obtained from our previous study. The ancestral origins of the DRD2 polymorphisms have been determined by sequencing the homologous region in other higher primates. Twenty DRD2 haplotypes, defined as H1 to H20 based on their frequency from high to low, were obtained in this major minority population. The ancestral haplotype "I-132-G-C-G-A1" and two one-step mutation haplotypes were absent in our study population. The haplotype H1, "I-B1-T-C-A-A1", with the highest frequency in the population, is a three-step mutation from the ancestral form. The first five or eight major haplotypes make up 87% or 95% of the entire population, respectively. The prevalence of the haplotype H1+ (H1/H1 and H1/Hn genotypes) is significantly higher in alcoholics and alcoholic subgroups, including early onset drinkers and benders, than in their respective control groups. The Promoter -141C allele is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with five other loci in the nonalcoholic group, but not in the alcoholic group. All of the other five loci are in LD in both the alcoholic and control groups. The DRD2 TaqI B allele is in complete LD with the allele located in intron 6. Five SNPs, Promoter -141C, TaqI B (or Intron 6), Exon 7, Exon 8, and TaqI A, are sufficient to define the DRD2 haplotypes in Mexican Americans. Our data indicate that the DRD2 haplotypes are associated with alcoholism in Mexican Americans. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

人类基因同义密码子偏好的特征以及与基因GC含量的关系

对人类的728个基因，按其编码区中GC的含量分成四组（从GC < 0.43到GC > 0.58），分别考察了这四组样本对同义密码子偏好的特征，发现在全部样本中都呈现NTG���N代表四种碱其中的任一种）特爱偏爱和NCG尽量避免的特征。基因环境中GC含量与C3／G3含量（密码子第三位C���G���含量）的相关分析，以及四组本对密码子的偏好都支持以C���的密码子在编码中有特殊的优势，这种优势有利于保证翻译的准确性。还考察了各种氨基酸含量随编码区GC含量不同而变化的趋势。

The features of synonymous codon bias and GC-content relationship in human genes

728 human genes were divided to four groups according to the GC contents of their coding sequences (from GC<0.43 to GC>0.58). Examination of synonymous-codon bias in the 4 groups show that NTG (N represents any base of T, A, C, G) is most favored and NCG

云南新平哀牢山夜间捕获鸟类的多样性

2007-09-05-2007-11-05和2008-09-03-2008-11-07期间,在云南省新平县哀牢山金山丫口用灯光诱捕对秋季夜间迁徙鸟类组成进行了调查.共捕获鸟类129种,7943只,分属于14日23科.雀形目鸟类为网捕主要鸟类,占总网捕数量的58.9%.其中红尾伯劳(Lanius cristatus)、小杜鹃(Cuculus poliocephalus)和红喉歌鸲(Luscinia calliope)3种是该地夜间网捕优势种鸟类,三者数量皆超过网捕岛类总数的5%.每天夜间20:00-22:00和次日凌晨04:00-4)6:00是捕获鸟类数最的高峰时段.网捕期间,早期Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数最低,优势指数C���高;中期Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数最高,优势度指数C���低.2008与2007年相比,优势指数C���G-F指数较低.但Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数较高.云南省不同"打雀山"仪问捕获鸟类的种类和数量存在差异.地理和气候可能是造成这些差异的主要因素.

稳定的RNA 发夹结构在人类88 个mRNA 编码区中的分布

　以UNCG, GNRA , CUU G (N = A , U , C 或G; R = G���A) 为端环能够形成稳定的、保 守的发夹结构. 它们具有特殊的结构特征, 并在体内发挥着重要的生物学功能. 这些稳定的发夹 广泛分布于体内rRNA , 催化RNA 和非编码mRNA 中. 但对人类88 个编码区mRNA 二级结构的 研究当中, 却没有发现C(UUCG) G���夹. 而且, 与rRNA 不同, 这些编码区mRNA 四环序列的 分布没有明显的偏好性.

版纳微型猪染色体显带研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞及肺成纤维细胞培养方法，以及Ｃ带、Ｇ带显带和银染技术，对云南版纳微型猪进行了染色体显带研究。测量了染色体的相对长度、着丝点指数及臂比。结果表明，ＡｇＮＯＲｓ（银染核仁形成区）定位于７号和１０号染色体，版纳微型猪的Ｇ带带型与其它家猪相似，Ｃ带和ＡｇＮＯＲｓ具有多态性。与滇南小耳猪相比较，其Ｃ带基本一致，但ＡｇＮＯＲｓ差异较大

银额果蝇的B染色体研究 1: 昆明群体的Bs数目和频率

银额果蝇昆明群体有丝分裂中期核型中存在B染色体, 出现频率为69.1%在已 研究过的来自各个地区的银额果蝇中, 昆明群体的B染色体频率最高。B染色体 数目为1—6条。该群体内单雌系间的B染色体数目不同, 个体间和细胞间的B染色 体数目也不同。在核型中, B染色体最小, 形态稳定, 点状, C-带和G-带呈阳性 。 图版1图2表1参12

大绒鼠的分带核型研究

大绒鼠的核型为2n=56, 常染色体和性染色体皆为单臂染色体。X染色体的长度接近于No.1染色体, Y染色体的长度相当于14号染色体。G���带可鉴别每对染色体的特征, C-带核型中全部着丝点C���均显示不同程度的阳性。Y染色体整条呈阳性。Ag-NORs有5对, 分别分布于1、2、6、14和27号染色体的着丝粒附近。并对大绒鼠的分类地位进行了初步探讨。

撒坝猪、大河猪染色体比较研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养方法,以及C-带、G-带和银染技术,对云南地方猪种撒坝猪、大河猪进行显带染色体研究。测量了各号染色体的相对长度、着丝点指数及臂比,Ag-NORs定位于7号和10号染色体。撒坝猪、大河猪的G-带带型与其它家猪相似,C-带和Ag-NORs具有多态性。撒坝猪和大河猪的C-带和Ag-NORs存在一定差异。