44 resultados para Burroughs, Eden, 1738-1813.

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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Organised multilayers were formed from the controlled self-assembly of ferrocene alkyl thiols on Au(111) surfaces. The control was accomplished by increasing the concentration of the thiol solutions used for the assembly. Cyclic voltammetry, ellipsometry, scanning probe microscopy (STM and AFM) and in situ FTIR spectroscopy were used to probe the differences between mono- and multilayers of the same compounds. Electrochemical desorption studies confirmed that the multilayer structure is attached to the surface via one monolayer. The electrochemical behaviour of the multilayers indicated the presence of more than one controlling factor during the oxidation step, whereas the reduction was kinetically controlled which contrasts with the behaviour of monolayers, which exhibit kinetic control for the oxidation and reduction steps. Conventional and imaging ellipsometry confirmed that multilayers with well-defined increments in thickness could be produced. However, STM indicated that at the monolayer stage, the thiols used promote the mobility of Au atoms on the surface. It is very likely that the multilayer structure is held together through hydrogen bonding. To the best of out knowledge, this is the first example of a controlled one-step growth of multilayers of ferrocenyl alkyl thiols using self-assembly techniques.

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Silicon nitride with helical structure was prepared on a large scale by CVD. On the microscale, these coiled Si3N4 ceramics still possess superelasticity and can recover their original shapes after cyclic loadings without noticeable deformations. These results suggest helical microcoils could have potential in microdevices for MEMS, motors, electromagnets, generators, and related equipment.

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We present a novel phase-shifting vectorial-shearing interferometer with a wedge plate phase-shifter. The interferometer is based on a modified Mach-Zehnder configuration; the common-path nature makes it capable of testing the wavefront of a short coherence-length light source, such as a laser diode. Vectorial shear (shearing in the x and y directions simultaneously) in an arbitrary direction is introduced by inserting two wedge plates orthogonally in two arms, respectively. One of the wedge plates is split into two parts (parallel part and wedge part); phase shift is produced by moving the wedge part in contact along the parallel part. The moving distance for a 2 pi phase shift is a few millimetres in specific conditions. The wedge plate phase-shifter increases the moving distance for phase shift and makes the control of phase shift relatively easy. We also discuss the lateral shear error and phase shift errors induced by wedge plates. The lateral shear error is small enough to be ignored; the phase shift error is determined mainly by the wedge angle error. Lastly, we give the experimental results of phase-shifting interference fringes in vectorial shear mode.

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研究了发散光束的小尺度自聚焦效应。从非线性傍轴波动方程出发,利用坐标变换,推导出发散光束小尺度扰动的传输方程,进而得到小尺度扰动增长的临界频率、最大增长频率和相应B积分值的变化规律。研究了发散光束初始曲率半径对小尺度自聚焦效应的影响。结果表明,对于一定的传输距离,随着发散光束初始曲率半径的减小,小尺度扰动的最大增长频率减小,相应的最大增益减小,即B积分值也减小。对于一定的初始曲率半径,随着传输距离的增大,B积分值增长变缓,并最终停止。利用局部能量守恒定律研究了发散光束的成丝距离,发现小的初始曲率半径可以延

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木本石松植物在晚古生代植物群中一直引人注目,它们是最早在中、晚泥盆世发展乔木和异孢习性的陆生维管植物谱系之一。在这篇报告中,中国两种晚泥盆世(距今约354-370百万年)的木本石松植物被详细地研究了。这两项研究增进了我们对泥盆纪木本石松植物的进化发育生物学的认识。 作者从中国西北部新疆准噶尔盆地上泥盆统的地层中描述了一个新种新疆鳞孢穗Lepidostrobus xinjiangensis sp.nov.,它为我们研究晚泥盆世石松植物的生殖分化和系统发育关系提供了新的认识。这个孢子叶球不同于任何草本石松植物的生殖器官,而与木本石松植物的生殖器官更为相似,它符合鳞孢穗属Lepidostrobus的鉴别性状。它的每个孢子叶由一个楔形的叶柄和一个三角形的叶片构成。孢子叶水平地着生在穗轴上,呈低角度的螺旋排列。叶柄具有侧翼和一个远轴面的脊,其远端延伸为一个上翻的叶片和一个下翻的踵,形成了一种盾状的外貌。孢子囊呈辐向加长、背腹扁的卵球形,具有顶端的纵向开裂。每个孢子囊基部纵向着生在叶柄的近轴面上。在孢子囊中发现了一个柱状的亚孢原组织垫。一个可能的叶舌出现在叶柄近轴面靠孢子囊远端。这个生殖器官是一个小孢子叶球,含石松孢Lycospora型孢子,具有粒状纹饰和赤道凸缘。基于这个鳞孢穗新种,木本石松植物从泥盆纪到石炭纪以来的生殖分化和演化式样在一个系统发育的框架中被讨论了。作者提出,木本石松植物由两性孢子叶球和单孢子叶球所代表的生殖策略到了晚泥盆世已经发展得相当完备,这暗示着系统发育上生有鳞孢穗孢子叶球的木本石松植物比过去所认为得起源要早。 作者重新调查了一个过去描述于中国湖北晚泥盆世(弗拉斯期)黄家磴组地层中的斜方薄皮木Leptophloeum thombicum的树干,并提出关于这个木本石松植物生长结构的新观点。这个树干保存为压扁的硅化化石,具有不均匀渗矿化的初生维管组织和螺旋排列的斜方形叶座。叶座特征符合晚泥盆世广泛分布的植物斜方薄皮木Leptophloeum rhombicum Dawson的鉴别性状。分类上,斜方薄皮木被归入薄皮木科Leptophloeaceae和广义水韭目Isoetales s.l.。这个树干在不同水平的解剖特征证明,斜方薄皮木的个体发育可能符合一种有限的生长方式。结合过去的资料和当前的生长结构分析,作者提出斜方薄皮木具有假单轴分枝的习性,而不是过去所认为的那样长着等二叉分枝的树冠。作者重新复原了这个植物的总体生长形态,它由一个根座式根状茎、一个主干和侧枝三类主要的生长结构单元构成。当这些结果组合了近期的系统发育工作后,它表明斜方薄皮木已经发育了与一些晚泥盆世法门期和石炭纪木本石松植物相似的生长结构,可能代表了早期水韭目植物祖先的生长结构类型之一。

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本文综述了草原群落土壤呼吸研究的理论、方法、最新进展和主要成果。从2001年6月5日到10月15日,在内蒙古锡林河流域的一个典型草原群落放牧地段用气相色谱法对土壤呼吸进行了测定,并同期观测相应的环境因子,分析了它们之间的相互关系,并根据根系生物量和土壤呼吸的相关性外推出根系呼吸占土壤总呼吸的比例。同时,采用碱液吸收法对该草原群落和一个沼泽化草甸群落的土壤呼吸进行了比对测定,比较在不同生境下土壤呼吸速率的差异。另外,重点比较了两种常用的土壤呼吸测量方法——碱液吸收法和气相色谱法对典型草原群落土壤呼吸的测量效果。主要研究成果如下: 1.在草原群落,生物量(包括地上和地下生物量)、温度(包括气温和土壤温度)和水分及土壤呼吸的季节变化均呈不规则的波动曲线;土壤呼吸与土壤湿度高度相关,与温度尤其是土壤温度以及地下生物量之间存在着一定的相关性,但和地上生物量及绿色生物量之间几乎没有关系。 2.草原群落和草甸群落土壤呼吸的季节动态基本一致,均出现了两个峰值,分别出现在6月底和7月底,它们的变化范围分别为312.8~1738.9 mg C﹒m-2﹒d-1 和 354.6 ~2235.6 mg C﹒m-2﹒d-1,日平均土壤呼吸速率分别为785.9 mg C﹒m-2﹒d-1 和1349.6 mg C﹒m-2﹒d-1,草甸群落的土壤呼吸速率明显高于草原群落; 3.土壤水分是草原群落土壤呼吸的主要限制因子,但对草甸群落的土壤呼吸变化却基本没有影响;草甸群落中,地上总生物量与土壤呼吸速率间没有显著的相关关系,但地上部分绿色生物量与土壤呼吸间存在着显著的幂函数关系,而在草原群落中,土壤呼吸速率与地上活生物量或地上总生物量的相关关系均很弱。 4.在草原群落,根系呼吸占土壤总呼吸的比例为60.7% - 93.3%,平均为82%; 5.碱液吸收法和气相色谱法的测定结果具有很高的相关性(R2=0.7563),它们的季节动态基本一致,变化范围分别为从249.3~1795.1 mg C﹒m-2﹒d-1和从312.8~1738.9 mg C﹒m-2﹒d-1,平均值分别为634.2 mg C﹒m-2﹒d-1和802.7 mg C﹒m-2﹒d-1,碱液吸收法的测量值是气相色谱法的约1.4倍。

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本发明属于生物医学领域。大蹼铃蟾皮肤肽,是从中国两栖类动物大蹼铃蟾皮肤分泌物中分离得到的一种单链多肽,分子量2674.2,等电点9.8,多肽全序列一级结构为:NH2—GIGTKILGGVKTALKGALKELASTYAN-NH2。其制备方法是将活体大蹼铃蟾用水清洗干净,置于带盖的玻璃容器中,滴加无水乙醚,密闭容器3—5分钟,可见大量的泡沫状物质从大蹼铃蟾皮肤分泌出来,收集分泌物,离心去除沉淀、冷冻干燥后,经离子交换、凝胶过滤柱层析分离纯化后得到。大蹼铃蟾皮肤肽作为制备治微生物感染疾病药物、肿瘤治疗药物的应用。具有显著的抑制细菌和真菌生长、肿瘤细胞抑制活性高等优点。

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We present a new approach for estimating mixing between populations based on non-recombining markers, specifically Y-chromosome microsatellites. A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Bayesian statistical approach is used to calculate the posterior probability

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本发明涉及一种无指盘臭蛙分泌肽及其基因和在制药中的应用,属于生物医学领域。该活性多肽是从中国两栖类动物无指盘臭蛙基因编码的一种环状多肽,分子量1587.98道尔顿,等电点9.7,多肽全序列一级结构为: Phe Met Pro Ile Leu Ser Cys Ser Arg Phe Lys Arg Cys,其第七位半胱氨酸和第十三位半胱氨酸相成分子内二硫键。编码无指盘臭蛙分泌肽的基因由300个核苷酸组成,其中编码成熟无指盘臭蛙分泌肽为第138-177位核苷酸。人工合成的无指盘臭蛙分泌肽具有显著的抑制细菌和真菌生长的作用,可以作为制备病原微生物感染疾病的治疗药物被应用。本发明的无指盘臭蛙分泌肽具有结构简单、人工合成方便、抗菌谱系广的有益特点。

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2004年9月—2007年6月,对古夫河受大型水电站影响的GF04样点及高岚河的参照样点GL03进行逐月采样,研究了大型水电站对古夫河底栖藻类的影响.结果表明:研究期间,两样点主要理化指标差异均不显著(P>0.05);两样点水动力学差异显著(P<0.05),研究期间GL03样点基本处于缓流状态,其季节变化显著(P<0.05),而GF04样点由于受水库放水影响,采样期间60%以上时间处于急流状态,没有明显的季节节律,说明水动力学及生境的变化是影响研究区底栖藻类群落的重要因素;群落相似性以及非着生型硅藻、直立

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构建了雌核发育银鲫原肠期胚胎和尾芽期胚胎间的抑制性差减杂交cDNA质粒文库。对原肠期739个 和尾芽期816个PCR阳性克隆进行斑点杂交,得到72个原肠期和98个尾芽期斑点杂交阳性克隆。测序和基因 数据库比对结果表明:72个原肠期斑点杂交阳性克隆中,包括19个已知基因的cDNA片段和31个没有同源性的 cDNA片段;98个尾芽期斑点杂交阳性克隆中,包括52个已知基因的cDNA片段和37个没有同源性的cDNA片 段。采用虚拟Northern杂交和RT PCR证实了部分基因在银鲫胚胎发育过程中的差异表达。这些

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ZnO nanorods and nanotubes are successful synthesized on AlN/sapphire substrates by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). The different morphology and structure properties of ZnO nanorods and nanotubes are found to be allected by the AlN under-layer. The photoluminescence spectra show the optical properties of the ZnO nanorods and nanotubes, in which a blueshift of UV emission is observed and is attributed to the surface effect.