Interactions of Penny-Shaped Cracks in Three-Dimensional Solids

The interaction of arbitrarily distributed penny-shaped cracks in three-dimensional solids is analyzed in this paper. Using oblate spheroidal coordinates and displacement functions, an analytic method is developed in which the opening and the sliding displacements on each crack surface are taken as the basic unknown functions. The basic unknown functions can be expanded in series of Legendre polynomials with unknown coefficients. Based on superposition technique, a set of governing equations for the unknown coefficients are formulated from the traction free conditions on each crack surface. The boundary collocation procedure and the average method for crack-surface tractions are used for solving the governing equations. The solution can be obtained for quite closely located cracks. Numerical examples are given for several crack problems. By comparing the present results with other existing results, one can conclude that the present method provides a direct and efficient approach to deal with three-dimensional solids containing multiple cracks.

Static Study of Cantilever Beam stiction under Electrostatic Force Influence

The model and analysis of the cantilever beam adhesion problem under the action of electrostatic force are given. Owing to the nonlinearity of electrostatic force, the analytical solution for this kind of problem is not available. In this paper, a systematic method of generating polynomials which are the exact beamsolutions of the loads with different distributions is provided. The polynomials are used to approximate the beam displacement due to electrostatic force. The equilibrium equation offers an answer to how the beam deforms but no information about the unstuck length. The derivative of the functional with respect to the unstuck length offers such information. But to compute the functional it is necessary to know the beam deformation. So the problem is iteratively solved until the results are converged. Galerkin and Newton-Raphson methods are used to solve this nonlinear problem. The effects of dielectric layer thickness and electrostatic voltage on the cantilever beamstiction are studied.The method provided in this paper exhibits good convergence. For the adhesion problem of cantilever beam without electrostatic voltage, the analytical solution is available and is also exactly matched by the computational results given by the method presented in this paper.

三维轴对称旋转等离子体的平衡方程以及与静力学平衡的比拟

对于一般三维轴对称旋转等离子体的平衡,1983年E.Hameiri曾给出其方程,它包括一个Bernoulli型积分,和一个复杂的非线性偏微分方程。后者包含五个任意一元函数。本文在假定密度是角向磁通的函数后,把偏微分方程简化为: L(f)+a(f)+R~2b(f)+R~4c(f)=0 它仍然包含五个任意一元函数。这个方程可作为一种讨论三维轴对称旋转等离子体平衡的基础.如果c(f)=0,方程则化为Grad-Shafranov型方程.c(f)=0给出几个任意函数的一个关系。因此这时方程只包括四个任意一元函数。这样,我们就建立了有流动时的平衡与静力学平衡的比拟。对于纯环向旋转情形,1980年E.K.Maschke等曾给出其平衡方程,这是一个包含四个任意一元函数的非线性偏微分方程。本文未作任何假定,把它化为Grad-Shafranov方程,其中包括四个任意一元函数。从而也建立了纯环向旋转平衡与静力学平衡之间的比拟。如果再假定密度是磁通的函数,则可得到一个与上面方程类似的基本方程。

Bending solution of high-order refined shear deformation-theory for rectangular composite plates

A new high-order refined shear deformation theory based on Reissner's mixed variational principle in conjunction with the state- space concept is used to determine the deflections and stresses for rectangular cross-ply composite plates. A zig-zag shaped function and Legendre polynomials are introduced to approximate the in-plane displacement distributions across the plate thickness. Numerical results are presented with different edge conditions, aspect ratios, lamination schemes and loadings. A comparison with the exact solutions obtained by Pagano and the results by Khdeir indicates that the present theory accurately estimates the in-plane responses.

不确定边界条件下悬臂梁裂纹参数识别方法研究

基于Bernoulli-Euler梁振动理论,以等效弹簧来模拟裂纹引起的局部软化效应和由非完全固支边界条件引起的转角效应.推导了悬臂梁在不确定边界条件下确定其振动频率的特征方程,直接利用该特征方程,提出一种有效估计裂纹参数的优化方法,通过计算测量频率和理论频率之间的误差目标函数最小化即可识别裂纹参数-裂纹位置和深度.最后,应用两个实例-理想固支边界条件下和非完全固支边界条件下的悬臂梁实验来说明本文方法的有效性.实验结果表明:只需梁结构前三阶频率即可识别裂纹位置和深度.对于理想边界条件下的裂纹参数识别,在测量频率存在小误差情况下,该方法仍能给出比较满意的结果,对于非完全固支边界条件下的裂纹参数识别,利用本文方法能得到比Narkis的方法更精确的裂纹位置识别结果.同时本文方法还能给出比较满意的裂纹深度识别结果.

微梁谐振器中的空气阻尼

为了研究空气阻尼对谐振器工作性能的影响,基于Euler-Bernoulli假设、梁弯曲振动理论和气体阻尼理论,建立了考虑气体阻尼的梁振动方程,结合边界条件对方程进行了求解,得到了两种不同情况下气体阻尼对微梁谐振器的谐振频率和品质因子的影响.通过两种阻尼对谐振器影响的比较分析,指出在梁形状保持不变(长宽比和高宽比不变)情况下,微梁谐振器存在一个临界压膜厚度,此临界厚度可为器件的设计提供参考.

线性张力腿模型与非线性模型的比较研究

平台运动对张力腿的非线性动力响应具有显著的影响.提出了新的更加符合实际的边界条件,分别采用线性的 Euler-Bernoulli梁和非线性梁模型,分析了在不同的张力腿长度和平台激励条件下,线性张力腿模型与非线性模型在预测其动力响应时所得结果的差异.为了保证数值计算的正确性和可靠性,运用了两种不同的计算方法;Galerkin法,有限差分法进行数值求解.结果表明:非线性模型所得的张力腿流向响应幅值要比线性模型的小,且随着张力腿长度以及平台纵荡幅值的增加,非线性模型与线性模型的预测结果之间的差异会变得越来越显著.

带压电陶瓷片梁的力学分析和二类变量广义变分原理

对于采用贴有压电陶瓷片作为作动元件的智能结构，在进行自适应控制时，往往要分析压电陶瓷片所引起的结构中的应力、应变和位移。对于带有压电陶瓷片梁的力学分析，文献中大多采用Euler-Bernoulli模型，即不考虑梁中的剪力，且假定梁沿厚度方向满足直法线假定。考虑到压电陶瓷片对梁的作用主要是通过粘贴层以剪力的形式传递到梁上，梁截面上的剪应力和剪应变一般很大，其影响不能忽略。本文采用Hellinger-Reissner二类变分广义余能原理，导出考虑梁截面上剪应力和剪应变影响的方程式，其中采用吉尔法求解非齐次常微分方程组。并将求得的解与相同条件的有限元解进行比较。结果证明该方法很有效。本文还对二类广义变分法进行了一般的讨论，发现，在使用二类广义变分法求解时，随着应力和位移所取项数的增加，结果有时反而变坏。并对二类广义变分法的使用提出了一些建议。

Numerical investigation of crack growth in concrete subjected to compression by the generalized beam lattice model

The beam lattice-type models, such as the Euler-Bernoulli (or Timoshenko) beam lattice and the generalized beam (GB) lattice, have been proved very effective in simulating failure processes in concrete and rock due to its simplicity and easy implementation. However, these existing lattice models only take into account tensile failures, so it may be not applicable to simulation of failure behaviors under compressive states. The main aim in this paper is to incorporate Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, which is widely used in many kinds of materials, into the GB lattice procedure. The improved GB lattice procedure has the capability of modeling both element failures and contact/separation of cracked elements. The numerical examples show its effectiveness in simulating compressive failures. Furthermore, the influences of lateral confinement, friction angle, stiffness of loading platen, inclusion of aggregates on failure processes are respectively analyzed in detail.

像差对星间激光通信相互对准误差的影响

We analyze mutual alignment errors due to wave-front aberrations. To solve the central obscured problem, we introduce modified Zernike polynomials, which are a set of complete orthogonal polynomials. It is found that different aberrations have different effects on mutual alignment errors. Some aberrations influence only the line of sight, while some aberrations influence both the line of sight and the intensity distributions. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America

When Does a Polynomial Over a Finite Field Permute the Elements of the Field?

We present a class of indecomposable polynomials of non prime-power degree over the finite field of two elements which are permutation polynomials on infinitely many finite extensions of the field. The associated geometric monodromy groups are the simple ...