光合细菌 Rhodopseudomonas capsulata BG-6 的分离、鉴定、生长特性及其氮素代谢的初步研究

本篇论文报道了从北京市高碑店地区污水中分离获得的一株光合细菌的鉴定过程。报道了对其生长特性，工厂发酵罐大规模生产进行研究的结果，报道了对该菌株氮素营养和氮素代谢特点所做的初步研究的结果。整个工作有利于今后系统研究该菌株的代谢特点和利用该菌株进行实际应用。

Direct numerical test of the B-G-K model equation by the DSMC method

In the present paper the rarefied gas how caused by the sudden change of the wall temperature and the Rayleigh problem are simulated by the DSMC method which has been validated by experiments both in global flour field and velocity distribution function level. The comparison of the simulated results with the accurate numerical solutions of the B-G-K model equation shows that near equilibrium the BG-K equation with corrected collision frequency can give accurate result but as farther away from equilibrium the B-G-K equation is not accurate. This is for the first time that the error caused by the B-G-K model equation has been revealed.

Hopf bifurcation in wakes behind a rotating and translating circular cylinder

A low-dimensional Galerkin method, initiated by Noack and Eckelmann [Physica D 56, 151 (1992)], for the prediction of the flow field around a stationary two-dimensional circular cylinder in a uniform stream at low Reynolds number is generalized to the case of a rotating and translating cylinder. The Hopf bifurcation describing the transition from steady to time-periodic solution is investigated. A curve indicating the transitional boundary is given in the two-dimensional parameter plane of Reynolds number Re and rotating parameter alpha. Our results show that rotation may delay the onset of vortex street and decrease the vortex-shedding frequency. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.

A numerical investigation on the flow physics of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) burst-and-coast swimming

Abstract—Burst-and-coast is the most common locomotion type in freely routine swimming of koi carps (Cyprinus carpio koi), which consists of a burst phase and a coast phase in each cycle and mostly leads to a straight-line trajectory. Combining with the tracking experiment, the flow physics of koi carp’s burst-andcoast swimming is investigated using a novel integrated CFD method solving the body-fluid interaction problem. The dynamical equations of a deforming body are formulated. Following that, the loose-coupled equations of the body dynamics and the fluid dynamics are numerically solved with the integrated method. The two burst modes, MT (Multiple Tail-beat) and HT (Half Tail-beat), which have been reported by the experiments, are investigated by numerical simulations in this paper. The body kinematics is predicted and the flow physics is visualized, which are in good agreement with the corresponding experiments. Furthermore, the optimization on the energy cost and several critical control mechanisms in burst-and-coast swimming of koi carps are explored, by varying the parameters in its selfpropelled swimming. In this paper, energetics is measured by the two mechanical quantities, total output power CP and Froude efficiency Fr. Results and discussion show that from the standpoint of mechanical energy, burst-and-coast swimming does not actually save energy comparing with steady swimming at the same average speed, in that frequently changing of speed leads to decrease of efficiency.

Sol-Gel法制备生物玻璃／Ti涂层参数的确定

采用溶胶-凝胶（Sol-Gel）法在已经预涂了一层过渡层的纯钛基体上制备生物玻璃（BG）涂层。试验以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）、硝酸钙（Ca（NO3）2·4H2O）、氯化镁（MgCl2·6H2O）等为原料，并采用正交试验设计，所得涂层均通过SEM和EDS进行分析，并利用空间几何模型折算绝对偏差，从而确定出最优的试验参数为：[Si]=1M，水酯比（Rω）=4，pH=4．5，浸涂粘度（η）为3．55mPa·s。

硫代硫酸钠及葡萄糖对蓝细菌Synechocystis sP.PCC6803脂及光合器组成的影响

本文通过对蓝细菌Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803在添加葡萄糖、Na2S203的BG-11培养基中的生长特性、脂类及脂肪酸组成、细胞低温荧光、色素组成进行分析测定，总结出如下规律： 当蓝细菌Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803在添加有葡萄糖的BG-11培养基中培养时细胞出现了一种新的糖脂（记为糖脂-x），在添加果糖、麦芽糖、乳糖等其它碳源的培养基中生长的细胞中也检测到糖脂-x糖脂-x的出现经推测是与活性氧相作用的产物，当在含糖的培养基中加入活性氧猝灭剂Na2S203时能有效地抑制糖脂-x的出现。糖脂一x的出现伴随着其它脂、尤其是双半乳糖甘油二酯(DGDG)的含量下降，这可能与细胞营养代谢类型的转变相适应。糖脂-x的出现使细胞适应异养生长条件，这时藻胆体(PBS)，光系统II(PSII)，光系统I(PSD降解，叶绿素消失。 糖脂-x经1H-NMR波谱术检测证实为甘油糖脂，经气质联谱分析其脂肪酸组成中含大量的枝链脂肪酸，12-甲基十四碳酸、12-甲基十五碳酸、12-甲基十六碳酸以及两种稀有的含氮脂肪酸。这些脂肪酸在添加高浓度葡萄糖的培养基中生长的．Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803中的单半乳糖甘油二酯(MGDG)也能检测到。ESI-MS以及P-SI-MS测定结果表明糖脂．x含一分子的脂酰基侧链以及两分子的己糖，半乳糖与葡萄糖。 对．Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803生长在不同浓度的葡萄糖与Na2S203培养基中脂类组成与脂肪酸组成进行比较，发现Na2S203能有效地增加膜脂中硫代异鼠李糖二酰基甘油(SQDG)和磷脂酰甘油(PG)的百分含量，培养基中同时添加葡萄糖时能抵消Na2S203的这一效应。此外，Na2S203能显著增加单半乳糖甘油二酯(MGDG)、双半乳糖甘油二酯(DGDG)中十六碳酸(C16:0)的百分含量，这一效应也能为葡萄糖恢复。Na2S203不能显著地改变SQDG中C16:0的百分含量，加入葡萄糖时能降低C16:0的百分含量。这些结果说明Na2S203可能充当一种还原剂使膜脂处于一种低的不饱和状态，同时加入葡萄糖时能降低Na2S203的还原力。此外，Na2S203还可作为SQDG合成中的硫供体。 用HPLC测定．Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803在添加不同浓度的Na2S203，葡萄糖的BG-11培养基中生长时的叶绿素与类胡萝卜素浓度，结果表明葡萄糖表现出对叶绿素与类胡萝卜素水平的抑制效应，Na2S203在低浓度时表现出对叶绿素与类胡萝卜素水平的促进效应，但在高浓度时表现出抑制效应。因此适当浓度的Na2S203的加入有利于维持蓝细菌在培养基中添加葡萄糖的生长条件下的低水平自由基，能使葡萄糖表现出促进细胞生长的特性。 通过测定Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803生长曲线中葡萄糖、Na2S203的浓度效应，结果表明葡萄糖在低浓度（例如5 mmoI.L-l）时表现出促进细胞的生长，在相对高的浓度表现出抑制细胞生长的效应。在培养基中同时加入Na2S203时可恢复葡萄糖对细胞的生长的促进效应。单独加入Na2S203表现出对细胞生长的抑制效应。这说明葡萄糖、Na2S203对细胞的生长存在着正的协同效应。

失水-吸水过程中微鞘藻光合活性的特性

雨季来临时,干藻重新吸收水分,光合活性恢复,迅速生长。微鞘藻(Microcoleus vaginatus)藻体在失水过程中,光合活性降低;而干藻接种到流沙后,恢复生长,在生长后期,生物量可达27μg/cm2土壤。在重吸水中,离子对光合活性的恢复具有重要作用,相对于去离子水来说,BG-11培养液处理后活性恢复较高;K+和Mg2+的缺失,对光合活性有抑制作用,而Ca2+的缺失,造成光合活性恢复的延缓;较高浓度的胞外多糖(Extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)和热水溶性多

发菜细胞培养物对盐胁迫的响应

用不同浓度(0、0.1、0.2、0.4 m o l.L-1)的N aC l处理BG 110培养的发菜细胞,结果显示,发菜光合速率与叶绿素荧光强度随N aC l浓度的升高先增加后降低,当N aC l浓度为0.1 m o l.L-1时光合速率与叶绿素荧光具有最大值,表明发菜细胞培养物能耐受一定浓度的盐胁迫.以BG 110+0.4 m o l.L-1N aC l为对照,在BG 11+0.4m o l.L-1N aC l的胁迫实验中,光合速率与叶绿素荧光强度下降较慢;丙二醛、脯氨酸含量较低;类胡萝卜素含量较高,表

红球藻水生748株(Haematococcus sp.HB748)培养基的选择与对维生素B_(12)的需求

比较了红球藻HB748株在MCM，BBM及BG－11．3种培养基中的生长．结果表明：HB748在这3种培养基中前4d的平均生长速率分别为0．97d－1，0．77d－1和0．63d－1，存在显著差异；然而，在BBM和BG－11中添加MCM中所含等量VB12后，748株在3种培养基中的生长速率趋于一致，表明VB12，是HB748维持较好的前期生长的必需成分；在VB12的需求满足后．3种培养基无机组分的差异对HB748前期生长影响甚微．

一种海生单细胞蓝藻的氢酶特点和功能探讨

海生单细胞蓝藻,阿格门氏藻,(Agmenellum quadruplicatum strain BG-1)BG-1显示至少含有两种氢酶:吸氢酶——只催化需氧的氢吸收;可逆性氢酶——既催化需光的氢吸收,又催化以还原甲,基紫精为电子供体的氢释放,但活性大不相同。后者为前者的3—5倍。两种氢酶的表达均依赖于藻细胞生长培养基中的镍离子的存在。放氢活性受HgCl_2的强烈抑制,但不受DCMU(敌草隆,后同)和KCN的影响,表明氢酶的氢基团参与催化作用,而该反应既不涉及光合作用的系统Ⅱ,也不涉及呼吸作用的末端电子传递

Effects of temperature and light on the growth and geosmin production of Lyngbya kuetzingii (Cyanophyta)

The effects of temperature and light on the growth and geosmin production of Lyngbya kuetzingii were determined. Of the three temperatures tested, 10, 25 and 35A degrees C, the maximal geosmin concentration and geosmin productivity were yielded at 10A degrees C, while the highest chl a production was observed at 25A degrees C. In the studies on light intensity, the maximal geosmin concentration and geosmin productivity were observed at 10 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), while the highest chl a production was at 20 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). It was suggested that more geosmin was synthesized with lower chl a demand. Meanwhile, the relative amounts of extra- and intracellular geosmin were investigated. Under optimum growth conditions (20 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), 25A degrees C; BG-11 medium), the amounts of extracellular geosmin increased as the growth progressed and reached the maximum in the stationary phase, while the intracellular geosmin reached its maximum value in the late exponential phase, and then began to decline. However, under the low temperature (10A degrees C) or light (10 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) conditions, more intracellular geosmin was synthesized and mainly accumulated in the cells. The proportions of extracellular geosmin were high, to 33.33 and 32.27%, respectively, during the stationary phase at 35A degrees C and 20 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). It was indicated that low temperature or light could stimulate geosmin production and favor the accumulation of geosmin in cells, while more intracellular geosmin may be released into the medium at higher temperatures or optimum light intensity.

Physiological and biochemical responses of Scytonema javanicum (cyanobacterium) to salt stress

Scytonema javanicum (Kutz.) Born et Flah (cyanobacterium) is one of the species distributed widely in the crust of desert soils regularly subjected to severe water stress. To investigate the response of the species to salt stress, many physiological and biochemical parameters, including growth rate, ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm), reactive oxidative species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were determined in culture. The results showed that 50 mM NaCl inhibited growth and Fv/Fm in the medium BG-110, and that the inhibition was maximum after 1-2 days' exposure to salt stress; 50 mM NaCl also increased the contents of ROS and MDA in treated cells, which suggests that salt stress may lead to oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in the alga. Further, changes in the antioxidative enzymes SOD and CAT in the treated alga were consistent with changes in ROS and MDA at certain extent. These observations suggest that oxidative stress resulting from salt stress in S. javanicum could result in the production of antioxidative enzymes to counteract the oxidative damage, and the enzymes may contribute to the ability of S. javanicum to survive the adverse desert environment. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Salt tolerance of Microcoleus vaginatus Gom., a cyanobacterium isolated from desert algal crust, was enhanced by exogenous carbohydrates

Microcoleus vaginatus isolated from a desert algal crust of Shapotou was cultured in BG-11 medium containing 0.2mol l(-1) NaCl or 0.2mol l(-1) NaCl plus 100mg l(-1) sucrose, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) or hot water-soluble polysaccharides (HWP), respectively. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates, photosystem 11 activity (Fv/Fm) and dark respiration of NaCl-stressed cells were enhanced significantly by the added sucrose or EPS under salt stress conditions (0.2mol l(-1) NaCl). Compared with cells treated with salt alone, sodium contents in cells reduced significantly; the content of cellular total carbohydrate did not change, and intracellular sucrose, water-soluble sugar increased significantly following the addition of exogenous carbohydrates. Sucrose synthase (SS) activity of NaCl-stressed cells increased following the addition of sucrose, and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity of NaCl-stressed cells increased following the addition of exogenous sucrose, EPS or HWP compared with cells stressed with NaCl only. The results suggested that the extruded EPS might be re-absorbed by cells of M. vaginatus as carbon source, they could increase salt tolerance of M. vaginatus through the changes of carbohydrate metabolism and the selective uptake of sodium ions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.