Analysis of nephroloxic and carcinogenic aristolochic acids in Aristolochia plants by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection at a carbon fiber microdisk electrode

Aristolochic acids (AAs) are the main bioactive ingredients in the most of Aristolochia plants, which are used to make dietary supplements, slimming pills and Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs). Excessive ingestion of AAs can lead to serious nephropathy. Therefore, quantitative analysis and quality control for the plants containing AAs is of great importance. In this paper, capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrochemical detection (ED) at a 33 mu m carbon fiber microdisk electrode (CFE) has been applied to detect AA-I and AA-II in Aristolochia plants. Under the optimum conditions: detection potential at 1.20 V, 2.0 x 10(-2) mol L-1 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH 10.0), injection time 25 s at a height of 17 cm and separation voltage at 12.5 kV, the AA-I and AA-II were baseline separated within 5 min. Low detection limits for AA-I and AA-II were 4.0 x 10(-8) mol L-1 and 1.0 x 10(-7) mol L-1, respectively. Wide linear ranges were from 4.0 x 10(-8) mol L-1 to 1.9 x 10(-5) mol L-1 and 1.0 X 10(-7) mol L-1 to 5.0 x 10(-5) mol L-1 for AA-I and AA-II, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied to analyze AAs contents in plant extracts. The results indicated that the contents of AAs in each part of Aristolochia debilis Sieb. Et Zucc.

巨柏的生物生态 特性、群落类型及其保护

巨柏(Cupressus gigantea)，是我国西藏高原所特有的珍稀、濒危树种，具有上千年的历史，但其分布极其狭窄，仅出现在藏东南雅鲁藏布江的江岸、谷坡地带，呈现出一种古老、残遗的森林类型。 本论文旨在通过对巨柏生物生态学特性、群落类型及生态地理分布特性的研究，来揭示这一古老、残遗森林类型的分布特点，群落发展、更新及保护等问题。通过两个月的野外调查，本文作者收集并分析了巨柏分布区内气候、土壤等自然环境资料，群落样方资料以及巨柏茎和叶的固定标本;在此基础上研究了巨柏的生物生态学特性;并在实验室里对巨柏的营养器官进行了比较解剖观察研究，从形态——生态学角度探讨了巨柏的形态特征与环境相适应的规律。为了进一步了解巨柏的群落学特征，对巨柏群落的种类组成和群落类型作了进一步的划分和分析，并发现了巨柏生长的最适群落类型。 根据以上研究，本文得出了巨柏分布狭窄、表现为残遗、退化的原因，探讨了巨柏林的更新和保护，提出了就地保护和迁地保护的可行性。

中国巨松鼠Ratufa bicolor(Sciuridae:Ratufinae)头骨形态的地理学变异

巨松鼠(Ratufa bicolor)是东洋界的特有类群.中国仅有一种,分布于海南、广西西南部、云南南部、西南部、西部和西北部,关于其亚种的分化结论过去主要依据其皮毛的颜色特征.本研究共测取75个巨松鼠头骨,每号头骨标本测取23个变量,运用统计分析软件SPSS 11.0对巨松鼠的可测量变量进行主成分分析、判别分析及聚类分析,以探讨巨松鼠各亚种地位的有效性及其头骨形态的地理学变异.研究结果显示阿萨姆亚种R.b.gigantea和海南亚种R.b.hainana均为有效亚种,前者分布自广西西南部向西经云南南部、西南部、西部达西北部,后者分布于海南.同时,本研究结果不支持滇南亚种R.b.stigmosa作为一个有效的亚种.

REDESCRIPTION AND SYSTEMATIC STATUS OF NEOCAPILLARIA PHOXINI YU ET WANG, 1994 (NEMATODA: CAPILLARIIDAE)

Re-examination of the syntypes of the capillariid nematode Neocapillaria phoxini Yu et Wang, 1994, the type species of Neocapillaria Yu et Wang, 1994, described from the intestine of the freshwater fish Phoxinus lagowskii variegatus Gunther (Cyprinidae) from China, confirmed its morphological similarity with species of Freitascapillaria Moravec, 1987, to which it is transferred as Freitascapillaria phoxini (Yu et Wang, 1994) comb. n. Consequently, Neocapillaria Yu et Wang, 1994 (a homonym to Neocapillaria Moravec, 1987) and Sinocapillaria Moravec et Spratt, 1998 become junior synonyms of Freitascapillaria. Skrjabinocapillaria gigantea is transferred to Freitascapillaria as F. gigantea (Wang, 1984) comb. n.

封育对云雾山本氏针茅草地群落的影响

以云雾山封育与未封区为对象,采用样线法进行调查,重点分析二者群落特征和地上生物量的变化,以期为退化草地植被恢复提供依据。结果表明:封育后本氏针茅(Stipa bungeana)群落发生较大变化,物种数显著增加、演替差异明显,由未封区的本氏针茅+大针茅(S. gigantea)群落演替为封育后的大针茅+本氏针茅群落;未封区本氏针茅种群的优势地位明显加强,重要值明显大于封育区;封育与未封区群落的相似性系数为0.419;物种丰富度指数和多样性指数(修正的Simpson指数、Shannon-winner指数、Audair和Groff指数)均表现为封育区>未封区,而均匀度指数则相反;封育区地上生物量明显增加,其中禾本科、蔷薇科和杂类草占总生物量的比例均表现为封育>未封区,而菊科则相反。