21 resultados para Alt Empordà (Catalunya) -- Book reviews
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
Resumo:
This paper reviews firstly methods for treating low speed rarefied gas flows: the linearised Boltzmann equation, the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), the Navier-Stokes equation plus slip boundary conditions and the DSMC method, and discusses the difficulties in simulating low speed transitional MEMS flows, especially the internal flows. In particular, the present version of the LBM is shown unfeasible for simulation of MEMS flow in transitional regime. The information preservation (IP) method overcomes the difficulty of the statistical simulation caused by the small information to noise ratio for low speed flows by preserving the average information of the enormous number of molecules a simulated molecule represents. A kind of validation of the method is given in this paper. The specificities of the internal flows in MEMS, i.e. the low speed and the large length to width ratio, result in the problem of elliptic nature of the necessity to regulate the inlet and outlet boundary conditions that influence each other. Through the example of the IP calculation of the microchannel (thousands m ? long) flow it is shown that the adoption of the conservative scheme of the mass conservation equation and the super relaxation method resolves this problem successfully. With employment of the same measures the IP method solves the thin film air bearing problem in transitional regime for authentic hard disc write/read head length ( 1000 L m ? = ) and provides pressure distribution in full agreement with the generalized Reynolds equation, while before this the DSMC check of the validity of the Reynolds equation was done only for short ( 5 L m ? = ) drive head. The author suggests degenerate the Reynolds equation to solve the microchannel flow problem in transitional regime, thus provides a means with merit of strict kinetic theory for testing various methods intending to treat the internal MEMS flows.
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alt="" hspace="6" width="100" height="139" align="left" /> 本书系统地介绍了微／纳米力学测试技术中最常用的压入和划入技术及其典型应用。全书共分13章。测试技术方面，内容涉及接触力学、测试原理、方法、校准、仪器、力学参量、影响因素。典型应用方面，内容涉及在表面工程、微机电系统、生物、高聚物和金属玻璃等领域内的微／纳米力学行为的测试。本书可供力学、材料、物理、电子、机械、生物和化学等领域的研究人员、工程技术人员以及大专院校相关专业的师生参考。
目录
前言
第1章 绪论
1.1硬度的定义和分类
1.2纳米压入和划入技术的发展
1.3纳米压入和划入技术的特点
参考文献
第2章 压入接触力学
2.1弹性接触
2.1.1 Soeddon解
2.1.2锥形压针
2.1.3球形压针
2.1.4圆柱压针
2.2弹塑性接触
2.2.1塑性发生
2.2.2完全塑性
2.2.3材料响应
参考文献
第3章 纳米压入测试原理
3.1压入硬度和模量
3.2连续刚度测量
3.3载荷一深度数据确定的材料参数
3.3.1马氏硬度
3.3.2压入蠕变
3.3.3压入松弛
3.3.4压入弹性功和塑性功
参考文献
第4章 纳米压入测试方法
4.1压针类型
4.1.1玻氏压针
4.1.2立方角压针
4.1.3维氏压针
4.1.4努氏压针
4.1.5圆锥压针
4.1.6球形压针
4.1.7圆柱压针
4.1.8楔形压针
4.1.9考虑因素
4.2测试环节
4.2.1样品准备
4.2.2环境控制
4.2.3间距选择
4.2.4表面探测
4.2.5驱动方式
4.2.6测试步骤
4.2.7测试报告
参考文献
第5章 纳米压入的确认和校准
5.1直接确认和校准
5.2间接校准
5.3测试和校准的实例
参考文献
第6章 纳米压入和划入的测量仪器
6.1仪器技术指标的定义
6.2美国Mrs公司
6.3美国Hysitmn公司
6.4瑞士CSM公司
6.5英国MML公司
6.6澳大利亚CSIRO公司
6.7测量仪器的发展趋势
参考文献
第7章 力学参量的测量
7.1压入方式
7.1.1硬度和模量
7.1.2断裂韧度
7.1.3蠕变和粘弹行为
7.1.4压入应力??应变曲线
7.1.5加卸载曲线涉及的
部分现象
7.2划人方式
7.2.1块体材料
7.2.2薄膜材料
7.2.3粗糙度
7.3弯曲方式
7.3.1微悬臂梁静载弯曲
7.3.2微桥静载弯曲
7.3.3微结构疲劳
7.4吸引方式
7.5声发射测试
7.6温度测试
参考文献.
第8章 影响纳米压入测试的因素
8.1测试仪器的影响
8.1.1压针缺陷
8.1.2测试方法
8.1.3接触零点的确定
8.1.4载荷和位移的分辨力
8.2样品的表面状态和性质
8.2.1表面吸湿
8.2.2表面粗糙度
8.2.3残余应力
8.2.4凹陷和凸起变形
8.3纳米压入和划入测试所面临的问题
参考文献
第9章 在表面工程中的应用
9.1金属材料表面激光强化的力学表征
9.2硬质膜的力学和摩擦学性能评估
9.2.1显微硬度测试
9.2.2纳米压人测试
9.2.3纳米划入测试
9.2.4膜材的影响
参考文献
第10章 在微机电系统中的应用
10.1薄膜测试
10.1.1典型薄膜材料的硬度和模量
10.1.2薄膜疲劳
10.1.3淀积工艺对二氧化硅薄膜力学性质的影响
10.2微结构弯曲
10.2.1微结构的静态弯曲
10.2.2微结构的动态弯曲
参考文献
第11章 在生物及其相关材料中的应用
11.1人工林杉木管胞细胞壁
11.2人体腰椎骨
11.3存储液对人体牙齿微力学性能的影响
参考文献
第12章 在高聚物中的应用
12.1PMMA单轴拉伸和弯曲力学行为
12.2划入测试的理论分析
12.3韧性行为的描述
12.4脆性行为的描述
12.4.1温度效应
12.4.2应变率效应
参考文献
第13章 在金属玻璃中的应用
13.1硬度和屈服应力的关系
13.2不连续的塑性变形
13.3压痕形貌和微结构变化
13.4应变率效应
13.5钕基金属玻璃的变形行为
参考文献
附录 常见问题的回答
1测试数量
2压入间距
3压入深度
4泊松比的选择
5典型材料的参数
6断裂韧度测试压针的选择
7纳米薄膜的测试
8典型材料的压入变形行为
9显微硬度和纳米压入硬度的关系
10压入影响区及其边界效应
10.1压入影响区的有限元模拟
10.2边界距离影响的有限元模拟
10.3压人间距影响的测试
参考文献
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alt="" hspace="8" width="149" height="204" align="left" />本书共有16篇论文,论述了国内外有关复合材料及其结构力学等方面新近进展的情况。如：复合材料及其结构的粘弹性力学、三相模型下复合材料的细观力学性质等。
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目录
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alt="" hspace="5" width="153" height="232" align="left" />This book elucidates the methods of molecular gas dynamics or rarefied gas dynamics which treat the problems of gas flows when the discrete molecular effects of the gas prevail under the circumstances of low density, the emphases being stressed on the basis of the methods, the direct simulation Monte Carlo method applied to the simulation of non-equilibrium effects and the frontier subjects related to low speed microscale rarefied gas flows. It provides a solid basis for the study of molecular gas dynamics for senior students and graduates in the aerospace and mechanical engineering departments of universities and colleges. It gives a general acquaintance of modern developments of rarefied gas dynamics in various regimes and leads to the frontier topics of non-equilibrium rarefied gas dynamics and low speed microscale gas dynamics. It will be also of benefit to the scientific and technical researchers engaged in aerospace high altitude aerodynamic force and heating design and in the research on gas flow in MEMS
| [1] Molecular structure and energy states | (21) | ||
| [2] Some basic concepts of kinetic theory | (51) | ||
| [3] Interaction of molecules with solid surface | (131) | ||
| [4] Free molecular flow | (159) | ||
| [5] Continuum models | (191) | ||
| [6] Transitional regime | (231) | ||
| [7] Direct simulation Monte-Carlo (DSMC) method | (275) | ||
| [8] Microscale slow gas flows, information preservation method | (317) | ||
| [App. I] Gas properties | (367) | ||
| [App. II] Some integrals | (369) | ||
| [App. III] Sampling from a prescribed distribution | (375) | ||
| [App. IV] Program of the couette flow | (383) | ||
| Subject Index | (399) | ||
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alt="" hspace="8" width="149" height="219" align="left" />目录
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alt="" hspace="16" width="150" height="216" align="left" />本书阐明了板壳断裂理论的基础。论证了Reissner型板壳断裂理论的科学性、经典板壳断裂理论的缺陷及在一定范围内仍具有的实用价值；介绍了作者所创意的研究Reissner型板壳断裂纹尖端场的方法等。
目录
- §1．1 板壳弯曲断裂问题
- §1．2 Kirchhoff经典板壳弯曲断裂理论
- §1．3 Reissner型板壳弯曲断裂理论
- §1．4 Kirchhoff与Reissner型板壳弯曲断裂理论的比较
- §1．5 含裂纹有限尺寸板壳断裂分析的局部-整体法
- §1．6 含表面裂纹板壳
- §2．1 Kirchhoff板的基本概念和基本假定
- §2．2 基本公式与弹性曲面微分方程
- §2．3 边界条件
- §2．4 弹性薄板的应变能
- §2．5 极坐标下的挠曲面微分方程与内力公式
- §2．6 裂纹尖端场特征展开式通项公式
- §2．7 Kirchhoff板弯曲应力强度因子
- §3．1 基本方程和公式的复变函数表示
- §3．2 所引入函数的确定程度与一般形式
- §3．3 坐标变换与边界条件
- §3．4 运用保角变换方法求解孔口问题
- §3．5 应力强度因子与函数Φ(z)的关系
- §3．6 复变-主部分析法之应用简例
- §3．7 共直线裂纹问题的一般解答
- §3．8 典型弯曲裂纹问题的解答及弯曲应力强度因子公式
- §3．9 共圆曲线裂纹问题的解答及弯曲应力强度因子公式
- §4．1 裂纹尖端奇异元的位移模式与弯曲应力强度因子
- §4．2 裂纹尖端奇异元的刚度矩阵
- §4．3 裂纹尖端奇异元与常规单元的连接
- §4．4 解析法与数值法的结果比较与讨论
- §4．5 两共线半无限裂纹问题的定解条件及解的实用价值
- §5．1 Reissner型板的基本假定
- §5．2 Reissner型板的基本公式与平衡微分方程
- §5．3 基本方程的简化
- §5．4 边界条件
- §5．5 极坐标下的基本公式与平衡微分方程
- §5．6 两种平板理论用于无裂纹板时的比较
- §5．7 两种乎板理论用于含裂纹板时的比较
- §6．1 基本方程和一般求解方法
- §9．1 局部-整体法与其它解析和数值法的结果比较
- §9．2 边界对应力强度因子的影响
- §9．3 板的支承条件及长宽比的影响
- §9．5 计算Reissner型板应力强度因子的一组近似方程与近似解法
- §9．4 Reissner型板理论与Kirchhoff板理论所得应力强度因子的比较
- §9．6 关于数值计算的几点讨论
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alt="" hspace="8" width="149" height="210" align="left" />目录
用于大气环流模式的陆面物理过程参数化研究进展 戴永久，曾庆存，欧阳兵
在植物耗水条件下土壤水分动态的数值模拟 姚德良，邱克俭，冀伟，孙菽芬
Modelling of terrestrial ecosystem B.Ouyang
森林生态系统生物循环过程的耦合模型（BCM）及其数值模拟 欧阳兵
Turbulence in the atmosphere and ocean J.C.Li
Sensitivity of IAP two-level AGCM to surface albedo variations Z.H.Lin,Q.C.Zeng and B.Ouyang
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alt="" hspace="8" width="100" height="153" align="left" />Adiabatic shear localization is a mode of failure that occurs in dynamic loading. It is characterized by thermal softening occurring over a very narrow region of a material and is usually a precursor to ductile fracture and catastrophic failure. This reference source is the first detailed study of the mechanics and modes of adiabatic shear localization in solids, and provides a systematic description of a number of aspects of adiabatic shear banding. The inclusion of the appendices which provide a quick reference section and a comprehensive collection of thermomechanical data allows rapid access and understanding of the subject and its phenomena. The concepts and techniques described in this work can usefully be applied to solve a multitude of problems encountered by those investigating fracture and damage in materials, impact dynamics, metal working and other areas. This reference book has come about in response to the pressing demand of mechanical and metallurgical engineers for a high quality summary of the knowledge gained over the last twenty years. While fulfilling this requirement, the book is also of great interest to academics and researchers into materials performance.Table of Contents
| 1 | Introduction | 1 |
| 1.1 | What is an Adiabatic Shear Band? | 1 |
| 1.2 | The Importance of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 6 |
| 1.3 | Where Adiabatic Shear Bands Occur | 10 |
| 1.4 | Historical Aspects of Shear Bands | 11 |
| 1.5 | Adiabatic Shear Bands and Fracture Maps | 14 |
| 1.6 | Scope of the Book | 20 |
| 2 | Characteristic Aspects of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 24 |
| 2.1 | General Features | 24 |
| 2.2 | Deformed Bands | 27 |
| 2.3 | Transformed Bands | 28 |
| 2.4 | Variables Relevant to Adiabatic Shear Banding | 35 |
| 2.5 | Adiabatic Shear Bands in Non-Metals | 44 |
| 3 | Fracture and Damage Related to Adiabatic Shear Bands | 54 |
| 3.1 | Adiabatic Shear Band Induced Fracture | 54 |
| 3.2 | Microscopic Damage in Adiabatic Shear Bands | 57 |
| 3.3 | Metallurgical Implications | 69 |
| 3.4 | Effects of Stress State | 73 |
| 4 | Testing Methods | 76 |
| 4.1 | General Requirements and Remarks | 76 |
| 4.2 | Dynamic Torsion Tests | 80 |
| 4.3 | Dynamic Compression Tests | 91 |
| 4.4 | Contained Cylinder Tests | 95 |
| 4.5 | Transient Measurements | 98 |
| 5 | Constitutive Equations | 104 |
| 5.1 | Effect of Strain Rate on Stress-Strain Behaviour | 104 |
| 5.2 | Strain-Rate History Effects | 110 |
| 5.3 | Effect of Temperature on Stress-Strain Behaviour | 114 |
| 5.4 | Constitutive Equations for Non-Metals | 124 |
| 6 | Occurrence of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 125 |
| 6.1 | Empirical Criteria | 125 |
| 6.2 | One-Dimensional Equations and Linear Instability Analysis | 134 |
| 6.3 | Localization Analysis | 140 |
| 6.4 | Experimental Verification | 146 |
| 7 | Formation and Evolution of Shear Bands | 155 |
| 7.1 | Post-Instability Phenomena | 156 |
| 7.2 | Scaling and Approximations | 162 |
| 7.3 | Wave Trapping and Viscous Dissipation | 167 |
| 7.4 | The Intermediate Stage and the Formation of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 171 |
| 7.5 | Late Stage Behaviour and Post-Mortem Morphology | 179 |
| 7.6 | Adiabatic Shear Bands in Multi-Dimensional Stress States | 187 |
| 8 | Numerical Studies of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 194 |
| 8.1 | Objects, Problems and Techniques Involved in Numerical Simulations | 194 |
| 8.2 | One-Dimensional Simulation of Adiabatic Shear Banding | 199 |
| 8.3 | Simulation with Adaptive Finite Element Methods | 213 |
| 8.4 | Adiabatic Shear Bands in the Plane Strain Stress State | 218 |
| 9 | Selected Topics in Impact Dynamics | 229 |
| 9.1 | Planar Impact | 230 |
| 9.2 | Fragmentation | 237 |
| 9.3 | Penetration | 244 |
| 9.4 | Erosion | 255 |
| 9.5 | Ignition of Explosives | 261 |
| 9.6 | Explosive Welding | 268 |
| 10 | Selected Topics in Metalworking | 273 |
| 10.1 | Classification of Processes | 273 |
| 10.2 | Upsetting | 276 |
| 10.3 | Metalcutting | 286 |
| 10.4 | Blanking | 293 |
| Appendices | 297 | |
| A | Quick Reference | 298 |
| B | Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity | 301 |
| C | Thermal Softening and Related Temperature Dependence | 312 |
| D | Materials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands | 335 |
| E | Specification of Selected Materials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands | 341 |
| F | Conversion Factors | 357 |
| References | 358 | |
| Author Index | 369 | |
| Subject Index | 375 |
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alt="" hspace="8" width="149" height="204" align="left" />内容简介
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第三章 动态松弛法及其在复合材料叠层板壳非线性分析中的应用&黄小清 范赋群
第四章 单向复合材料损伤本构模型的细观分析&夏源明 袁建明 杨报昌
第四节 单向复合材料冲击拉伸过程的Monte Carlo数值模拟
第五章 短纤维复合材料的弹性与弹塑性行为的理论研究&陈浩然 杨庆生
第七章 半解析数值法在复合材料及其结构力学问题中的应用&洪志泉 方赤峰
第九章 超高模聚乙烯纤维增强复合材料的力学性能和微观结构&冼杏娟
第十一章 复合材料离散加筋曲板在面内载荷作用下用于屈曲分析的有限条法&童贤鑫 B・盖尔
第十二章 在湿热环境下碳纤维／树脂复合材料结构强度的研究…………
第十五章 复合材料机翼在气动弹性和强度约束下的设计剪裁研究&丁惠梁
第十六章 复合材料梁的强度、冲击和疲劳性能的研究&薛元德 陈心爽 刘壮健
