激光测深系统中大动态范围压缩技术的实验研究

分析了分通道、距离选通、光电倍增管变增益、正交偏振等多种技术相结合的方法，用以改善机载激光测深系统中激光回波的动态范围。并研制了相应的变增益部件，开展了水池试验以及海上现场试验。试验结果表明，多种方法相结合的技术可对水底信号的动态范围进行有效压缩，满足机载测深系统对浅海测量的动态范围要求；但正交偏振技术对信号测量压缩的改善效果并不明显。报道了试验过程中出现的光电倍增管后脉冲对水深测量的影响。对动态范围压缩技术进一步研究提供了有价值的参考。

用于机载激光测深系统的时间间隔测量模块

机载海洋激光测深系统不仅要求精确测量激光从海表的入射点到海底目标点之间的距离，还要精确测定飞机到海表入射，点之间的距离，为水深数据的海浪校正而确定平均海平面以及波高。为此设计和研制了一高精度时间间隔测量器，该单元基于专用时间数字转换芯片开发，采用延迟线插入法技术，双通道工作，具有高时间分辨率(最高可达250ps)和高测量重复率的特性。给出硬件和软件设计方法以及单元的测试结果。

机载激光测深系统中海面波浪影响的改正

针对研制的新型机载激光测深系统的海上飞行试验数据,进行预处理、信息提取、数据同步和坐标转换后,开展波浪改正研究.对海底高程的GPS高程信息无波浪改正、GPS高程信息改正飞机航高变化计算波浪和加速度信息改正飞机航高变化计算波浪三种技术进行了分析.数据处理结果表明,采用加速度信息改正飞机航高变化计算得到的波浪信息的方法,结果较好,可满足研制的机载激光测深系统的要求.

尘埃粒子计数器中光源对传感器光通量的影响分析

在Mie散射理论基础上，由单分散射的光强表达式导出在偏振光的入射条件下一定立体角内的散射光通量的表达式，并与自然光入射作比较。计算了在相同强度不同光源入射下，尘埃粒子计数器的两种常用散射光收集系统收集的散射光通量。结果表明：采用近前向散射光收集系统得到的光通量相等；而采用直角方向散射光收集系统时两者并不相等，且在平面偏振光入射时，收集的散射光通量还跟探测器中心与入射光偏振方向夹角有关。用MATLAB编程计算，得出了在探测器中心与偏振方向的夹角成90°或270°位置时，收集的散射光通量有极值的结论，为激光尘

Numerical Analysis of a Dual Polarization Mode-Locked Laser with a Quarter Wave Plate

Dynamical behaviors and frequency characteristics of an active mode-locked laser with a quarter wave plate (QWP) are numerically studied by using a set pf vectorial laser equation. Like a polarization self-modulated laser, a frequency shift of half the cavity mode spacing exists between the eigen-modes in the two neutral axes of QWP. Within the active medium, the symmetric gain and cavity structure maintain the pulse's circular polarization with left-hand and right-hand in turn for each round trip. Once the left-hand or right-hand circularly polarized pulse passes through QWP, its polarization is linear and the polarized direction is in one of the directions of i45o with respect to the neutral axes of QWP. The output components in the directions of i45" from the mirror close to QWP are all linearly polarized with a period of twice the round-trip time.

Polarization Self-Modulation Phenomenon in a Free Oscillated Nd: YAG Laser

Polarization self-modulation effect in a free oscillated Nd:YAG laser is investigated after a quarter wave plate is introduced independently in the two positions of the cavity. As described in the previous experiments, the intensity components in the orthogonal directions are modulated with a period of the round-trip time or twice. Different pulse shapes reveal that the seed field from the spontaneous emission is not uniform and seems to be stochastic for each pulse.

Surface amorphous and crystalline microstructure by alloying zirconium using Nd : YAG pulsed laser

A novel composite coating was synthesized by laser alloying of zirconium nanoparticles on an austenite stainless steel surface using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The coating contained duplex microstructures comprising an amorphous phase and an austenitic matrix. A discontinuous zirconium-containing region formed at a depth of 16 mum below the surface. The amorphous phase was present in the zirconium-rich region, with the composition of zirconium ranging from 7.8 to 14.5 at. pet. The formation of the amorphous phase was attributed to the zirconium addition. The hardness, corrosion, and wear-corrosion resistance of the irradiated coating were evidently enhanced compared to those of the stainless steel.

Application of enthalpy method for moving boundary problem in laser surface melting

A numerical analysis was carried out to study the moving boundary problem in the physical process of pulsed Nd-YAG laser surface melting prior to vaporization. The enthalpy method was applied to solve this two-phase axisymmetrical melting problem Computational results of temperature fields were obtained, which provide useful information to practical laser treatment processing. The validity of enthalpy method in solving such problems is presented.

Microstructure and wear resistance of in situ TiCp composite coating by laser cladding

A new in situ method was realized by one step laser cladding to produce Ni-base alloy composite coating reinforced by in situ reacted and gradiently distributed TiCp particles. The submicron TiCp particles were formed and uniformly distributed because of the in situ reaction and trapping effect under the rapid solidification condition. And, TiCp particles were of gradient distribution on a macro scale and their volume fraction increased from 1.86% at the layer/substrate interface to a maximum 38.4% at the surface of the layer. Furthermore, the in situ generated TiCp/gamma-Ni interfaces were free from deleterious surface reactions. Additionally, the clad coating also revealed a high microhardness of gradient variation with the layer depth and the superior abrasive wear resistance.

Intensity Distribution Design for Laser-Induced Thermal Loading Based on Numerical Simulation

To accomplish laser-induced thermal loading simulation tests for pistons,the Gaussian beam was modulated into multi-circular beam with specific intensity distribution.A reverse method was proposed to design the intensity distribution for the laser-induced thermal loading based on finite element(FE) analysis.Firstly,the FE model is improved by alternating parameters of boundary conditions and thermal-physical properties of piston material in a reasonable range,therefore it can simulate the experimental resul...

Effects of La2O3 on Microstructure and Wear Properties of Laser Clad gamma/Cr7C3/TiC Composite Coatings on TiAl Intermatallic Alloy

The effects of La2O3 addition on the microstructure and wear properties of laser clad gamma/C(r)7C(3)/TiC composite coatings on gamma-TiAl intermetallic alloy substrates with NiCr-Cr3C2 precursor mixed powders have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and block-on-ring wear tests. The responding wear mechanisms are discussed in detail. The results are compared with that for composite coating without La2O3. The comparison indicates that no evident new crystallographic phases are formed except a rapidly solidified microstructure consisting of the primary hard Cr7C3 and TiC carbides and the gamma/Cr7C3 eutectics distributed in the tough gamma nickel solid solution matrix. Good finishing coatings can be achieved under a proper amount of La2O3-addition and a suitable laser processing parameters. The additions of rare-earth oxide La,03 can refine and purify the microstructure of coatings, relatively decrease the volume fraction of primary blocky Cr7C3 to Cr7C3/gamma eutectics, reduce the dilution of clad material from base alloy and increase the microhardness of the coatings. When the addition of La2O3 is approximately 4 wt.%, the laser clad composite coating possesses the highest hardness and toughness. The composite coating with 4 wt.%La2O3 addition can result the best enhancement of wear resistance of about 30%. However, too less or excessive addition amount of La2O3 have no better influence on wear resistance of the composite coating.

Numerical simulation of an adaptive optics system with laser propagation in the atmosphere

A comprehensive model of laser propagation in the atmosphere with a complete adaptive optics (AO) system for phase compensation is presented, and a corresponding computer program is compiled. A direct wave-front gradient control method is used to reconstruct the wave-front phase. With the long-exposure Strehl ratio as the evaluation parameter, a numerical simulation of an AO system in a stationary state with the atmospheric propagation of a laser beam was conducted. It was found that for certain conditions the phase screen that describes turbulence in the atmosphere might not be isotropic. Numerical experiments show that the computational results in imaging of lenses by means of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method agree well with those computed by means of an integration method. However, the computer time required for the FFT method is 1 order of magnitude less than that of the integration method. Phase tailoring of the calculated phase is presented as a means to solve the problem that variance of the calculated residual phase does not correspond to the correction effectiveness of an AO system. It is found for the first time to our knowledge that for a constant delay time of an AO system, when the lateral wind speed exceeds a threshold, the compensation effectiveness of an AO system is better than that of complete phase conjugation. This finding indicates that the better compensation capability of an AO system does not mean better correction effectiveness. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America.

Microstructure of Zr-alloyed coating using pulsed laser

Coatings were synthesized by laser alloying of zirconium (Zr) particles using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser on an austenite stainless steel. The distribution of Zr is uneven, in a depth of 18 mum just below the surface of the pool. The coating consisted of duplex microstructures, i.e. metallic glass (MG) and austenite. The MG formed in Zr-contained regions, with the Zr composition ranging from 7.6 to 16.8 at.%. The formation of the MG was attributed to an increase in glass-forming ability by Zr addition.