对癌症生存者应对资源的研究

A survey study of cancer survivors was conducted to explore the coping resources, which buffers the life of cancer survivors against stressful situation. Participants reported coping strategies, positive affect and negative affect, personality, perceived social support, fighting spirit and helpless/hopeless as well as quality of life through a set of self-assessment questionnaire. The results indicated that the frequency of coping strategies used by cancer survivors from high to low were: growing, problem solving, seeking support,self-controlling, wishful thinking, and distancing. The correlational analysis indicated that among the six sets of coping strategies, growing was positively correlated most strongly with most of the dimensions in quality of life as well as positive affect. Among the five personality, Neuroticism was positively correlated most strongly with helpless/hopeless and negative affect; and was negatively correlated most strongly with fighting spirit and positive affect. Extraversion was positively correlated most strongly with positive affect and negatively correlated most strongly with helpless/hopeless; Agreeableness was negatively correlated most strongly with negative affect; Conscientiousness was positively correlated most strongly with fighting spirit. Subjects with higher score in quality of life reported higher frequency of coping strategies in growing and problem solving and less in wishful thinking. They also reported higher scores in Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness as well as lower scores in Neuroticism. The regression analysis displayed that not negative affect but positive affect entered the regression model when all the psychological and social variables in the study were accounted for. Taken together, these data suggested that, growing was the most effective coping strategy among the six sets of strategies for cancer survivors to improve quality of life, to maintain positive affect and to enhance fighting spirit. Neuroticism was vulnerable to resist stressors; Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were stress-resisted factors. Positive affect may has more adaptational significance than negative affect during chronic stress. These data also implicated that positive affect should be paid more attention to in coping research.

人格特征对销售员绩效的预测

This research aims to discuss it is the complexity of interpersonal association and job autonomy that influence the predictive validity of personality for job performance. In addition, for service profession, incumbents' personality can predict not only contextual performance, but also task performance. Salesclerks in shopping center and life insurance agents are selected as subjects. The job performance rating scale is produced by using Critical Incidents Technique. The research method is measuring NEO-PI and collecting direct supervisors' rating of salespeople's job performance. The research results are as follows: 1. The factor analysis result of job performance is different from the west. That is to say, the support for organizations which belongs to contextual performance in the west can not be distinguished from task performance. Therefore, in China, or to say in the shopping center selected, task performance includes both technical proficiency and the support for organizations, and contextual performance includes job dedication and interpersonal facilitation. 2. For salespeople, personality can be the antecedent of contextual performance and task performance as well. However, the predictive validity for task performance is very low. 3. The more complexity of interpersonal association, the stronger relationship between personality and job performance. 4a. The correlation between job performance and facets of Big Five is higher than the one between job performance and factors of Big Five, such as Agreeableness, whose facets have different impacts on job performance, some positive and others negative. 4b. The correlation between personality and the items of job performance rating scale is higher than the one between personality and the factors of job performance. 4. Working experience is the moderator of the relationship between personality and job performance. For salesclerks, only if the working experience of subjects is less than 3 years, achievement striving-one facet of conscientiousness-is significantly correlated with the ratio of finished sales volume at 0.01 level.