加卸载响应比(LURR)、矩／能量加速释放(AM/ER)、态矢量:岩石试件破坏前兆的实验研究

为了验证大地震发生前或者非均匀脆性介质宏观破坏前加卸载响应比和能量加速释放等前兆现象,本文进行了三轴应力(压缩)条件下大尺度岩石破坏声发射实验。实验采用4组岩石试件,并且分为单调加载和循环加载两种方式。实验结果证明了脆性材料宏观破坏前加卸载响应比升高和能量加速释放这两种前兆现象。本文提出了一种描述岩石试件损伤演化的新的物理量——态矢量。

B itte r an d Sw e e t /Um am i Ta s te Re c ep to rs w ith D iffe ren tly Evo lu tio n a ry Pa thw ays

通过生物信息学和系统发育学分析,研究了苦味受体和甜味/鲜味受体的进化途径。结果显示,苦味受体 和甜味/鲜味受体在进化上具有远相关,并且具有不同的进化途径,提示这可能是导致这些受体具有不同功能,传 导不同味觉的原因。

Fiber Dispersion and Nonlinearity Influences on Transmissions of AM and FM Data Modulation Signals in Radio-Over-Fiber System

Transmission properties of data amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) in radio-over-fiber (RoF) system are studied numerically. The influences of fiber dispersion and nonlinearity on different microwave modulation schemes, including double side band (DSB), single side band (SSB) and optical carrier suppression (OCS), are investigated and compared. The power penalties at the base station (BS) and the eye opening penalties of the recovered data at the end users are both calculated and analyzed. Numerical simulation results reveal that the power penalty of FM can be drastically decreased due to the larger modulation depth it can achieve than that of AM. The local spectrum broadening around subcarrier microwave frequency of AM due to fiber nonlinearity can also be eliminated with FM. It is demonstrated for the first time that the eye openings of the FM recovered data can be controlled by its modulation depths and the coding formats. Negative voltage encoding format was used to further decrease the RF frequency thus increase the fluctuation period considering their inverse relationship.

PHCs污染土壤中植物-AM真菌联合生态效应研究

AM真菌的形成，对共生植物有许多有益的作用。近年来，科学家又将菌根用于修复污染的土壤。对辽河油田和沈抚污水灌区进行了AM菌的调查，结论如下：I)辽河油田和沈抚污水灌区的主要的AM真菌是Glomus mosseae, G. geospora, G. constrictum, Paraglomus occultum，其中优势属为Glomus。因北方冬季的严寒，经过一个冬季，土壤中的抱子密度减少80％以上。在资源调查的基础上，以三叶草、万寿菊和大豆作为供试植物，做盆栽模拟实验，结果为：I )当柴油浓度高达30 000 mg·kg~(-1)时，AM菌仍能侵染菊花，和菊花形成共生体；2）随着油浓度的增加，侵染率先增加，而后降低。3)随着油浓度的增加，叶绿素总量先略微增加，当油浓度高达30 000 mg·kg~(-1)时，叶绿素含量下降；4）随着油浓度的增加和灭菌，植物的营养生长和生殖生长受到抑制，而接AM菌、细菌和固氮菌能缓和这种抑制；5）随着油浓度的增加和AM菌的生育进程，AM菌的接种效应在增强。6）对接菌和不接菌的处理来说，随着油浓度的增加，降解率先增加，5000 mg·kg~(-1)时达到最大，分别为94.280la和93. 16%;然后降解率降低。低浓度时接入AM菌，能促进柴油的降解；而当油浓度高达30000mg·kg~(-1)时，不接AM菌反而降解效果会好些。