What are the closest relatives of the hot-spring snakes (Colubridae, Thermophis), the relict species endemic to the Tibetan Plateau?

We conducted phylogenetic analyses to identify the closest related living relatives of the Xizang and Sichuan hot-spring snakes (T baileyi and T. zhaoermii) endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, using mitochondrial DNA sequences (cyt b, ND4) from eight specimen

对DES的Rectangle攻击和Boomerang攻击

作为加密标准，DES（data encryption standard）算法虽然已被AES（advanced encryption standard）算法所取代，但其仍有着不可忽视的重要作用．在一些领域，尤其是金融领域，DES和Triple DES仍被广泛使用着．而近年来又提出了一些新的密码分析方法，其中，Rectangle攻击和Boomerang攻击已被证明是非常强大而有效的．因此，有必要重新评估DES算法抵抗这些新分析方法的能力．研究了DES算法针对Rectangle攻击和Boomerang攻击的安全性．利用DES各轮最优差分路径及其概率，分别得到了对12轮DES的Rectangle攻击和对11轮DES的Boomerang攻击．攻击结果分别为：利用Rectangle攻击可以攻击到12轮DES，数据复杂度为2~(62)。个选择明文，时间复杂度为2~(42)次12轮加密；利用Boomerang攻击可以攻击到11轮DES，数据复杂度为2~(58)个适应性选择明密文，时间复杂度为2~(38)次11轮加密．由于使用的都是DES各轮的最优差分路径，所以可以相信，该结果是Rectangle攻击和Boomerang攻击对DES所能达到的最好结果．

Structure-property relationship of phenoxynaphthacenequinones and their relatives

Like 6-phenoxy-5,12-naphthacenequinone (1), 6-[4-(2-( 8-hydroxyphenyl) isopropyl)phenoxy]-5, 12-naphthacenequinone (2) and 6-naphthyloxynaphthacenequinone (6) showed normal photochromism, The relative initial rates of trans to ana photoconversion were in the order: 1, 100; 2, 37; 6, 21, 6-[4-(Phenylazo)phenoxyl-5,12-naphthacenequinone (3), 6-[4-(p-ethoxyphenylazo) phenoxy]-5,12-naphthacenequinone (4), 6-[4-(p-nitrophenylazo)phenoxy]-5,12-naph cenequinone (5) had only slight W-induced photochromism for the phenoxynaphthacenequinone photochrome. 6-(2-Nitrosonaphthyloxy)-5,12-naphthacenequinone (7) exhibited no photochromism and underwent irreversible photoreaction.