3 resultados para ASS

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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本研究从沈阳冶炼厂旧址采集土壤样品,从中富集厌氧的砷还原菌,并以其为接种微生物,在厌氧条件下考察微生物的作用对砷的还原及迁移的影响,从分子角度探索地下水和土壤体系中砷污染的机理,同时对工业上含砷废渣的长期稳定性进行探讨。 实验在以L-半胱氨酸作为还原剂创造的严格厌氧条件下接种微生物进行培养时,可以观察到As(V)的快速还原并向固体的转移,利用XRD和SEM-EDS技术对固体的分析表明该沉淀为AsS,指出了在周围环境中如果存在足够的含硫化合物时,微生物能够通过形成硫化砷的形式将砷固定下来。 本研究考察了工业上常见的含砷废渣(As:Fe摩尔比为1:8的含砷氢氧化铁)在微生物作用下的长期稳定性,结果表明在厌氧条件下微生物对砷和铁的还原速度都很快,在39天内就将~53%的As(V)还原为As(III),在一天之内就能将约8.82 mg/L的As(III)释放出来,因此可以得出如果含砷废渣处理不当,就会在长期堆放过程中造成对环境甚至于地下水系统的污染。 本研究进一步采用不同比例(Al:Fe = 1:0, 1:1, 0:1)的铁铝氢氧化物为吸附剂,以As:(Fe+Al)摩尔比为1:100的比例在该介质上吸附砷并进行厌氧培养,考察微生物对吸附于这些载体上的As(V)的还原和迁移作用,结果指出微生物对砷的还原是砷向环境中释放的主要原因,砷的还原发生在铁还原之前,铁的还原和溶解并没有引起砷的迁移量的增加,因此铁的还原性溶解不是砷释放的主要原因;相反,由于氢氧化铝对As(III)几乎不吸附,因此,当铝被引入该体系时,可以观察到As(III)的释放明显增加。该实验结果表明在自然环境中,砷的释放主要是由于微生物对砷的释放以及铝氧化物对As(III)无吸附能力所导致的。

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本论文以红薯淀粉的双酶法水解液为碳源,从19 株红色酵母中筛选出一株油脂含量较高的菌株掷孢酵母(Sporobolomyces reseus)As.2.618。为了提高掷孢酵母(S.reseus)As.2.618 的油脂产量,考察了培养基组成对该菌生长情况及油脂积累的影响。用均匀设计法对培养基组成进行了优化,由DPS软件得出的优化结果为:还原糖103g/L、酵母粉11.5g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.3g/L、硫酸镁0.15g/L。生物量可达19.23 g/L,油脂含量为3.875 g/L。研究了添加二价离子对该菌的生长及油脂积累的影响,结果表明Zn2+对该菌生长和油脂积累都有显著促进作用。研究了发酵条件以及添加氧载体正十二烷对该菌发酵的影响,表明添加正十二烷有利用于该菌生长与油脂积累。得出最佳发酵条件是:在还原糖103g/L、酵母粉11.5g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.3g/L、硫酸镁0.15g/L。添加30mg/L 硫酸锌,接种量为5%,在24h 后添加2g/L 的碳酸钙和2%(v/v)正十二烷,pH6.0 培养温度为27℃,转速为200r/min,培养时间为7 天的条件下,该菌生物量干重可达35.05g/L,油脂含量也达11.98g/L。Lipid is one of the basic material for life-sustaining activities andimportant industrial materials. As lipid resources mainly come from the animal andthe plant, the problem of lipid lack is encountered at times. The lipid frommicroorganisms is the substitute and superior to the above lipid with a short period ofproduction and much cheaper fermentation materials such as agricultural and sidelineproducts or wastes of crop.Thus large scale production and broad application ofmicrobial lipid will be efficient not only in substitute of the animal and the plant lipidfor food and industrial field , but also inducing a new way leading to solve the energyproblem.For the purpose of exploring the characteristics of lipid production of redyeasts from sweet potato starch hydrolysates. 19 red yeasts are screened for thecapability of lipid producing and one strain Sporobolomyces reseus As.2.618 withsuperior performance is sellected.To improve the Sporobolomyces reseus As.2.618’s capability of lipidaccumulation , the components of the medium, which may influence the growth of thestrain and the lipid yield have been studied. To get the optimum mediumcomponents ,the “uniform design” was used .The DPS software gave the optimummedium component is: reducing sugar 103 g/L、yeast extract 11.5 g/L、KH2PO4 0.3g/L、MgSO4 0.15 g/L. The biomass could reach up to 19.23 g/L and lipid yield 3.87g/L with the above composition of fermentation medium.Furthermore the fermentation conditions , addition of the divalent metal ionsand the oxygen vector to increase the strain’s lipid producing capability are tested.The optimum condition is : reducing sugar 103 g/L、yeast extract 11.5 g/L、KH2PO40.3 g/L、MgSO4 0.15 g/L,Adding 30mg/L ZnSO4,and adding 2g/L CaCO3 2%(v/v)n-dodecane after 24h’s fermentation. the optimal fermentation condition were asfollow :30ml medium in the 500ml flask with initial pH 6.0,the flasks with 5%inoculation volume were at 200r/min shaking speed for 7d’s fermentation at27 .Under this kind of condition the high biom ¡æ ass which reach to 35.05 g/L could begot ,the yield of lipid also could reach to 11.98g/L.

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从砷污染土壤中富集砷抗性细菌,在厌氧环境中进行培养,观察其对砷的还原能力。结果表明:在21h之内,As(V)就被完全还原为As(Ⅲ);培养72h后,培养基中出现黄色沉淀,采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)和扫描电镜-能谱分析(SEM-EDS)技术对沉淀进行分析表明,沉淀主要是以3种晶型存在的硫化砷(AsS);培养150h后,大约有65%的As以上述沉淀的方式从溶液中移除。此外,本文还采用了构建16SrDNA文库的方式对该体系中的微生物种群进行分析,利用RFLP技术对16SrDNA片段进行分型,共得到72个操作单元类型(OTU),其中6个OTU占了库容的51%,从这6个OTU中各选取1个克隆进行测序,结果表明,富集到的砷还原细菌属于喜热菌属(Caloramator)、梭菌属(Clostridium)和杆菌属(Bacillus)。