SRNS方程求解叶栅流动的研究

对不可压SRNS方程提出了拟压缩性空间推进法，对压气机叶栅和透平叶栅的典型计算表明，该法可准确而快速地模拟叶轮机械内部流场。

光纤激光器的相位锁定及高相干功率输出

利用自成像共振腔和空间滤波器实现了两个不同长度光纤激光器的相位锁定。观察到稳定的干涉条纹。稳定的相位锁定是由于自成像腔具有适应单个光纤激光器光程变化的自调节能力。相位锁定激光器阵列输出的相干功率达到12.3 W, 与此相一致的相干效率为88％。

蛇毒系列药品的研究及开发产业化列为国家高技术产业化项目

动物毒素是一类高活性、生理功能特异的物质, 动物毒素产品可用于防治多种疑难病症, 使之成为当今生命科学研究的热点. 中国科学院昆明动物研究所充分利用云南丰富的动物毒素自然资源, 经过多年努力, 完成了多种有毒动物伤害防治和蛇毒系列药品的研究和开发, 获得了多个系列药品的新药证书和生产批文, 经国家计委2000年11月1日批复, 将“云南中科云龙药业股份有限公司蛇毒系列药品的研究及开发产业化”列为国家高技术产业化示范工程技术项目。

科尔沁沙质草地土壤养分空间变异研究

本试验以科尔沁改良和退化草场为对象，以网格20 m × 20 m（140 ×140 m2），深度为0-20 cm，分两次取样，每次采集128个土样，对土壤养分空间变异状况进行系统研究。结果表明：改良草场土壤有机质、全氮、全磷的平均含量均大于退化草场；而碱解氮、速效磷以及交换性钾、钠、钙、镁的平均含量低于退化草场；8月份碱解氮、速效磷、交换性钾、钠、钙、镁的平均含量与4月份相比均有不同程度的降低。各向同性变异函数分析表明，土壤养分存在空间相关性；最佳理论模型为球状模型、指数模型和高斯模型；除全磷和4月份交换性钾外，改良草场土壤各养分指标的变程均大于退化草场。各向异性变异函数分析表明，改良和退化草场土壤各养分指标在不同方向上的空间自相关性主要受结构性因素的影响；不同取样时间对养分各向同性和各向异性最佳理论模型选择的影响比较小，而对变程的影响比较大，改良和退化草场土壤碱解氮、速效磷和交换性钾的变程8月份大于4月份。克里格插值制图直观地反映出改良和退化草场土壤养分的分布格局存在较大差异，退化草场土壤各养分指标的异质性高于改良草场，不同处理土壤碱解氮、速效磷、交换性钾、钠、钙、镁4月份的异质性强于8月份；结合克里格插值图取样可以最大程度地减少由随机取样的盲目性所带来的误差，从而提高了样本的代表性和准确性。

水稻同源四倍体高代自交系农艺性状分析及遗传差异研究

课题组在不断地创制新的同源四倍体材料的同时，连续多年以提高结实率为目的培育、筛选自交系材料，已获得自交繁殖十二年的高代自交系材料。相对于诱导创制初期，材料表现出的结实率低，同种系单株间的差异较大；高代材料已表现出较显著的结实率提升和较一致的农艺性状表型。 本实验选取课题组多年培育的同源四倍体水稻高代自交系材料，通过形态学、农艺性状和细胞遗传学比较，研究水稻同源四倍体与二倍体之间的异同。结果显示，所有同源四倍体材料的染色体组成均为2N=4X=48，花粉母细胞(PMC)减数分裂行为较正常，99%以上的染色体都能在减数分裂中期I（MI）发生联会、配对，形成四价体和二价体，这与理论染色体组构成相符。在减数分裂过程中，结实率较高的材料染色体异常现象较少而结实率较低的材料染色体异常现象较严重。统计分析表明，二价体和四价体的比例对结实率没有显著影响，但是三价体的数目对结实率有一定影响。这一结果表明了结实率和细胞减数分裂行为可能存在相关性，同源四倍体的减数分裂行为为筛选高结实率的同源四倍体种系提供了依据。 然后，对同源四倍体水稻高代自交系材料进行农艺性状和品质性状的统计与分析。主要针对结实率、每穗实粒数、有效分蘖和穗长等主要农艺性状，以及直链淀粉含量这一重要的品质性状进行统计。将统计结果与1996年诱导加倍的初代材料的数据相对比分析，结果显示所有材料经过多代选育培养，其农艺性状已经有了较显著的提高，同时同源四倍体材料的农艺性状稳定性也有了较显著的提升。如结实率的提高幅度较大，所有材料的平均结实率均显著高于加倍初代，而同种材料不同单株间的结实率差异也显著地减少，变异系数（CV）的平均值由1996年的41.15%减少到了2008年的28.81%。其他重要农艺性状也有不同程度的改良，种内变异系数也相应地降低。此外，实验测量了同源四倍体材料和来源二倍体材料的直链淀粉含量。分析结果显示，部分材料的直链淀粉含量与二倍体亲本产生了较显著的差异，这可能是诱导加倍过程中的遗传变异造成的；同源四倍体材料的种内变异系数（CV）平均值由1996年的6%下降到了2008年的3.88%，显示出在品质性状方面，同源四倍体材料的遗传稳定性也有较显著的增加。同源四倍体材料农艺性状经过多年的选育，表现出一定的提升，同时，经过多年自交纯化，所有材料种系内的性状差异逐渐缩小，说明同源四倍体水稻的遗传稳定性随着自交纯化而增强，这为同源四倍体水稻的进一步选育打下了良好的基础。 最后，通过测量连续两年的自交系材料的遗传多态性，分析材料间遗传差异和种群遗传结构，深入研究连续两代材料间的遗传差异，研究同源四倍体水稻与二倍体材料遗传稳定性之间的差异。实验采用18对SSR微卫星标记对连续两代15个材料，共94份样本进行差异分析。通过扩增条带长度多态性分析，计算不同材料以及同种材料不同世代间的遗传距离，构建同源四倍体和二倍体水稻的分子指纹库，并绘制聚类图。结果显示，同源四倍体和二倍体不同材料间的遗传差异比较大，遗传距离处于0.4757至0.2816之间；而相同品种不同世代材料间的遗传差异较小，但也表现出一定的遗传差异。同种同源四倍体材料不同世代间的遗传差异比二倍体材料更大，两代四倍体材料间遗传距离处于0.1359至0.0485之间；而两代二倍体材料间的遗传距离处于均小于0.0388。结果表明，同源四倍体水稻高代材料具有一定的遗传稳定性，但与来源二倍体材料相比，其世代间的遗传变异性仍然较强。这种结果说明，经过多代的自交纯化培育，同源四倍体水稻材料能够建立起相对稳定的遗传结构，同时，其强于二倍体亲本的变异性有能够为新品种的选育，农艺性状、品质性状的改良提供一定的遗传基础。此外，分析结果表明通过分子标记辅助检验，水稻材料间的遗传多态性能够有效地区分不同的品种，这为水稻品种的分子鉴定提供了一定的依据。 本研究从细胞学鉴定，农艺性状统计分析以及分子标记辅助聚类分析多方面地对同源四倍体水稻高代系进行了研究，对探究同源四倍体水稻的遗传规律，进一步揭示其遗传特性、农艺性状的遗传构成，为进一步选育优质的多倍体水稻提供了一定的理论依据。 This group insists on creating new Autotetraploid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) materials, while improving the seed-setting of them for many years, cultivated and selected the inbred line materials, has obtained the high generation inbred lines after twelve years cultivation. Compared to the early induced materials, which shown the low seed setting, and the large difference between the different plants in the same germ-line; the high generation materials have shown significant improvement in seed setting and more uniform phenotype agronomic traits. The autotetraploid rice high generation inbred lines material, which has been cultivated for more than 12 years, was chose in this experiment. The similarities and differences between autotetraploid and diploid rice was studied through morphological, agronomic and cytogenetic ways. The results showed that all the chromosome of autotetraploid materials are composed of 2N=4X=48, the pollen mother cells (PMC) meiosis behavior is normal, more than 99% chromosomes in metaphase I(MI) were federated and paired to form tetravalents or bivalents, which constitutes a consistent theory of genome. In the meiosis process, the material with a higher seed setting showed less chromosome abnormal than the material whose seed setting is lower. However, statistical analysis showed that the bivalent and tetravalent rate had no significant impact on seed setting, but the number of trivalent had a certain impact on seed setting. The result shows that the seed setting may be related to the meiosis behavior, which provides a basis to cultivate new autotetraploid germ line with high seed setting through the meiotic behavior. Furthermore, the agronomic and quality traits of autotetraploid rice high generation inbred material were statistically analyzed. The statistically analysis was focused on major agronomic traits such as: seed setting, grains per panicle, effective tillers and panicle length, as well as the important quality trait amylose content. The statistic data was compared with the data in 1996, when the first induced generation of autotetraploid material, and the result shows that after a multi-generation breeding, the agronomic traits has been significantly improved in all the materials, while the stability of agronomic traits also significant upgraded. For instant, the seed setting increased significantly, the average seed setting of all materials was significantly higher than the first induced generation, and the differences between different plants in the same species also significantly reduced, the average of the coefficient of variation (CV) was reduced from 41.15% in 1996 to 28.81% in 2008. Other important agronomic traits had improved in different degrees; the coefficient of variation within species is also reduced accordingly. In addition, the amylose content of autotetraploid and diploid materials was measured in this experiment. The results shows that the amylose content of some of the material differed from diploid parents significantly, it may caused by the genetic change during the inducing, autotetraploid materials intra-specific coefficient of variation (CV) average reduced from 6% in 1996 to 3.88% in 2008, shows that this is a significant increase of quality traits stability in autotetraploid rice. Agronomic traits of autotetraploid material shows some improvement after years of breeding, at the same time, after years of purification, all material within the germ-line gradually narrow the differences in traits indicates that autotetraploid rice genetic stability was enhanced, which laid a good foundation for the further autotetraploid rice breeding. Finally, this experiment studied the genetic differences between materials of two generations and researched the difference of genetic stability between diploid and autotetraploid rice materials through investigating the genetic polymorphism, genetic differences between materials and population genetic structure of inbred line materials of two consecutive years.18 pairs of SSR microsatellite markers for 15 materials of two generations were used in this experiment, and the total of 94 samples were analyzed. Through the amplification length polymorphism analysis of different materials and materials in different generations, the genetic distance between materials and generations was analyzed, a diploid and autotetraploid rice molecular fingerprint database and map rendering cluster were constructed. The result shows that the genetic distance is between 0.4757 to 0.2816 among different autotetraploid and diploid materials; the genetic distance between different generations of same species was less, but also shows a certain degree of genetic differences. The inter-generational genetic differences of autotetraploid materials were greater than of the diploid materials, which are 0.1359 to 0.0485 as the genetic distance; comparing with the 0.0388 of diploid materials. The result shows that high generation inbred autotetraploid rice material has a certain genetic stability, but the genetic variation between generations is still strong comparing with the source diploid materials. It indicates that, after many generations of purification cultivation, autotetraploid rice materials established a relatively stable genetic structure, at the same time, stronger variability than its diploid parents are useful in the breeding of new varieties, provides a genetic foundation to the agronomic and quality traits improvement. In addition, the analysis result shows that the through the molecular marker-assisted testing, rice genetic polymorphism between materials can effectively distinguish different species, provides a certain basis for molecular identification of varieties of rice. A series of investigation such as cytological identification, statistical analysis of agronomic traits, molecular marker-assisted cluster analysis was applied in this experiment to research genetic pattern of autotetraploid rice high generation inbred lines, revealed the genetic characteristics and the genetic composition of agronomic traits, provides a theoretical basis for the further selection of high quality autotetraploid rice.

X射线低剂量多次辐射对小鼠外周血淋巴细胞的影响

为了评估低剂量多次辐射对健康机体产生的生物学风险。检测了X射线多次照射对BALB/c小鼠免疫系统的影响。采用X射线全身多次照射,第1天照射0.07 Gy,之后每天照射0.08 Gy共12d,剂量率0.2 Gy/min,累积剂量为0、0.07、0.23、0.39、0.55、0.71、0.87和1.03 Gy时取样。照射24 h后取血,用流式细胞仪检测外周血中免疫细胞周期和死亡的变化。结果表明。外周血淋巴细胞的周期在0.39和1.03 Gy时,被阻滞在G_2/M期,在0.07、0.23、0.71和0.87Gy时,被阻滞在G_0/G_1期;细胞的死亡随着累积剂量的增加而增加,在0.71Gy时达到峰值。经过X射线多次全身照射小鼠后,可引起外周血淋巴细胞周期和死亡比例发生变化,符合线性平方模型,造成其免疫系统一定的损伤。

中国特大城市空间形态变化的时空特征

基于国家资源环境数据库动态土地利用数据,借助GIS软件支持,分别计算了1990年和2000年中国31个特大城市平面轮廓形状的分维、紧凑度和形状指数以及城市的用地扩展类型。结果表明,从1990年到2000年,中国31个特大城市空间形态的总体变化趋势是,城市用地空间扩展类型以填充类型为主,外延类型相对较少且主要发生在发展限制较小的平原地区。总体上,分维呈减少趋势且南方城市大于北方城市,形状指数有减少,城市空间形状有紧凑化趋势。综观1990年和2000年中国31个城市的分维、紧凑度和形状指数的数据,可以看出广州、南昌、济南、成都、北京和上海等城市形状变化比较大,而兰州、太原和唐山等城市形状变化很小。若用地扩展为填充类型,则分维减少,紧凑性增加,形状指数减少;相反,若用地扩展为外延类型,分维增加,紧凑性降低,形状指数增加。

Determination of Total Arsenic and Arsenic Metabolites in Human Liver Hepatocytes

The effects of direct sampling and three digestion methods were investigated on the determination of arsenic in Chang liver hepatocytes after ultrasonic disintegration were investigated. The results showed that the efficiency of microwave digestion and obturator digestion was better than cold digestion and direct sampling. The day precision (present as RSD) of microwave digestion and obturator digestion were 2.1% and 1.2% the inter-day precision were 1.2% and 2.0%, respectively. The spike recovery for the total As in the sample is 95.7% - 108.1%. The As detection limits with these four sample treatment methods (including direct sampling) were 0.74 - 0.93 mu g/L. In addition, arsenic speciation in Chang liver hepatocytes was also analyzed using the hyphenated technique of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The experimental results indicated that dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and an intermediate metabolite of DMA were found lit Chang liver hepatocytes besides inorganic arsenic (As(III) and As(V)).

基于AFM的机器人化纳米操作中纳观力的初步研究

针对基于原子力显微镜(AFM)的机器人化纳米操作,对探针作用下探针—基片—微粒之间纳观力的作用规律进行了初步分析.指出起主要作用的纳观力为范德华力、接触斥力、纳米摩擦力、毛细作用力以及纳米静电力等五种,并初步推导了各种纳观力的表达形式.通过力—距离曲线仿真与实验验证了所进行分析的合理性;该分析有助于进行纳米操作的精确控制.

云南会泽特富铅锌矿床找矿研究现状及其新进展

该文简明扼要地介绍了云南会泽铅锌矿的主要特点及在找矿研究上的最新进展，主要阐述了运用构造地球化学找矿方法在会泽麒麟厂铅锌矿区深部隐伏矿定位预测中取得找矿的重要进展，发现隐伏矿体，不仅具有巨大的经济效益、社会效益，而且具有重要的科学效益。