45 resultados para AK22-1941

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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The variational approach to the closure problem of turbulence theory, proposed in an earlier article [Phys. Fluids 26, 2098 (1983); 27, 2229 (1984)], is extended to evaluate the flatness factor, which indicates the degree of intermittency of turbulence. Since the flatness factor is related to the fourth moment of a turbulent velocity field, the corresponding higher-order terms in the perturbation solution of the Liouville equation have to be considered. Most closure methods discard these higher-order terms and fail to explain the intermittency phenomenon. The computed flatness factor of the idealized model of infinite isotropic turbulence ranges from 9 to 15 and has the same order of magnitude as the experimental data of real turbulent flows. The intermittency phenomenon does not necessarily negate the Kolmogorov k−5/3 inertial range spectrum. The Kolmogorov k−5/3 law and the high degree of intermittency can coexist as two consistent consequences of the closure theory of turbulence. The Kolmogorov 1941 theory [J. Fluid Mech. 62, 305 (1974)] cannot be disqualified merely because the energy dissipation rate fluctuates.

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The initial-value problem of a forced Burgers equation is numerically solved by the Fourier expansion method. It is found that its solutions finally reach a steady state of 'laminar flow' which has no randomness and is stable to disturbances. Hence, strictly speaking, the so-called Burgers turbulence is not a turbulence. A new one-dimensional model is proposed to simulate the Navier-Stokes turbulence. A series of numerical experiments on this one-dimensional turbulence is made and is successful in obtaining Kolmogorov's (1941) k exp(-5/3) inertial-range spectrum. The (one-dimensional) Kolmogorov constant ranges from 0.5 to 0.65.

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Multiple refocusing of a tightly focused femtosecond laser due to the dynamic transformation between self-focusing and self-defocusing is employed to provide a novel method to produce quasi-periodic voids in glass. It is found that the diameter or the interval of the periodic voids increases with the increasing pulse energy of the laser. The detailed course for producing periodic voids is discussed by analysing the damaged track induced by the tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses. It is suggested that this periodic structure has potential applications in fabrication of three-dimensional optical devices.

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2005年诺贝尔物理学奖授于了光学研究领域里的两项原创性工作:1963年美国物理学家罗伊·格劳伯(R.J.Glauber 1925~)提出的“相干性量子理论”,以及1983年美国物理学家约翰·霍尔(J.L.Hall.1934~)和德国物理学家特奥多尔·亨施(T.W.Hansch.1941~)利用激光的特性对精确测量技术所作的发展。近些年来诺贝尔物理学奖频频惠顾光学研究领域。如2001年诺贝尔物理学奖授予了从事玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚的相关研究、1997年诺贝尔物理学奖授予华裔科学家朱棣文从事的激光冷却和俘获原子

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在起偏器待测波片检偏器系统基础上提出一种四区域测量波片相位延迟量的方法。调整待测波片和检偏器的方位角,获得相应的四组光强值,通过线性运算得到待测波片的相位延迟量,完全消除了起偏器和检偏器不完全消光带来的误差。由于测量系统中不存在标准波片或其他相位调制元件,允许测量波长仅受偏振棱镜和探测器的限制,因此四区域法可适用于很大波长范围内的波片测量。以λ/4波片为例,理论分析了测量系统利用四区域测量法后的仪器误差为σ≤±3.49065×10-3rad(约0.2°),精度比原算法提高约1个数量级。实验验证了四区域法能有效提高系统精度。

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研究了沉积温度对热舟蒸发氟化镧薄膜结构和光学性能的影响,沉积温度从200℃上升到350℃,间隔为50℃.采用分光光度计测量了样品的透射率和反射率光谱曲线,并在此基础上进行了光学损耗、光学常数以及带隙和截止波长的计算.采用表面轮廓仪进行了表面形貌和表面粗糙度的标定,采用X射线衍射(XRD)方法测量了不同沉积温度下样品的微结构.发现在短波长波段,随着沉积温度的升高,光学损耗增加,晶粒尺寸增大,表面粗糙度略有增加.不过散射损耗在光学损耗中所占比例均很小,光学损耗的增加主要由吸收损耗引起.随着沉积温度的升高,折射率与消光系数增大,带隙变小,相对应的截止波长向长波方向移动.

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本研究以河北围场县广发永化石点早中新世地层中的球果和果实、浙江宁海县杜岙化石点早上新世地层中的半矿化化石木、云南寻甸县金所和先锋化石点晚上新世地层中的丝炭和褐煤化木材为研究对象,对这三个化石点数百个植物大化石的形态或解剖结构进行了详细研究,鉴定出6个新的化石种,4个新记录种,7个未定种;其中2个化石属为我国新记录。根据其结构特征探讨这些化石类群与相关化石和现代植物的系统关系。并依据其现代亲缘种生长的生态和气候范围,对化石点沉积时期的植被和气候类型进行了推测。 果实中含有多种有价值的分类和系统发育的信息,对于种子植物的演化和系统发育研究具有重要的意义。在河北围场县发现大量保存较好的松科球果和姜科化石,为我们进一步研究松科植物和姜科植物解剖结构,以及探讨其系统演化提供难得的机会和直接的证据,同时为该化石地的植被演替和地层对比研究提供更多的植物学证据。对河北围场县广发永化石点球果和果实的形态研究,鉴定出三种松科球果化石种和一种姜科植物。分别为围场松(Pinus weichangensis sp. nov.)、围场云杉(Picea weichangensis sp. nov.)、围场铁杉(Tsuga weichangensis sp. nov.)以及化石Spirematospermum属未定种。其中围场云杉、围场铁杉球果在形态上与相应现代类群具有明显的差异,可能代表已灭绝的种类。Spirematospermum属未定种为一绝灭类型,是该属在我国的首次记录。这四种化石类群发现,反映早中新世化石该化石点气候与现代完全不同,为湿润的暖温带和亚热带气候。 浙江省在地质结构上位于东亚大陆边缘,是环太平洋岩浆活动带的重要组成部分。宁海县属于浙东南区属华南地层区,其第三纪地层嵊县群在该区分布广泛,其古植物研究仅限于孢粉和叶化石。本报告中首次对该层铜岭祝组的木化石进行了报道。对浙江宁海杜岙化石点早上新世地层中化石木样品的解剖研究,鉴定出三种木材类型,为史马库栎型木Quercus shimakurae、Liqumdambar cf. hisauchi和蔷薇科未定种。前者与现代栎属槲栎类、后者与枫香树属分别具有密切的亲缘关系,是我国首次报道栎属和枫香树属化石木。 云南现今复杂的地势地貌,独特的气候,丰富的植物种类和多样的植被类型是经历了长达数百万年的地质构造运动和自然环境演变的结果。第三纪时期由于大陆板块运动导致印度板块与亚洲板块的对接和碰撞,其地壳构造运动异常活跃。其第三系陆相地层广泛分布于古生代褶皱区的200多个互不相连的中、小型盆地及中、新生代断陷和拗陷型山间盆地中,并蕴涵了丰富的植物化石,为我们研究植被和植物演化提供了众多的证据。本次研究基于云南中部寻甸县金所煤矿和先锋煤矿的大量褐煤化和丝炭化材料,为进一步恢复云南晚第三纪气候和植被提供更多的依据,尤其是丝炭材料保存了木材精细而真实的结构,为木材准确鉴定和演化提供了可靠的依据。根据对云南金所和先锋化石点晚上新世沉积中褐煤化材料和丝炭样品解剖结构的研究,鉴定出8种化石木,包括2种裸子植物,5种双子叶植物和1种单子叶植物;分属5科7属。化石类群包括松属(Pinus)五针松组未定种Section Cembra sp.、云杉属未定种Picea sp、寻甸含笑Michelia xundianensis sp. nov.、多角含笑 Michelia angulata sp. nov.、Lithocarpoxylon cf. radiporosum、Castanoradix sp.、寻甸珍珠花Lyonia xundianensis sp. nov.、竹亚科未定种Bambusoideae sp。根据现今这些化石对应类群的生长和分布的气候区域,沉积时期的气候与现代气候较为接近。