笼养条件下间蜂猴(Nycticebus intermedius)的母婴关系

间蜂猴母婴关系: (1)母婴关系历时20wk, 15—16wk幼猴断奶,刚断奶与母猴联系, 1—2wk, 主要是互相舔毛梳理; (2)不像灵长类那样表现出强烈的护仔力; (3)间蜂猴幼仔出生12h就能单独活动; (4)母婴之间没有很强的识别力,幼猴可把任何一只母猴当作母亲, 而母猴也不拒绝非亲生子女幼猴对它的依赖; (5)母幼接触方式主要以腹部相贴为主, 幼猴抓信母猴的腹部皮肤和毛随母猴转移。图2表1参7

Estimates of genetic parameters for growth traits of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated for body weight, test diameter, and test height of the sea urchin from measurements on progeny resulting from 11 sires and 33 dams by artificial fertilization of 3 females by single males, and measurements at 8, 10, and 12 months after metamorphism. Point estimate for heritabilities based on the sire components of variance were moderate to high for body weight (0.21-0.49), test diameter (0.21-0.47), and test height (0.22-0.37). Genetic correlations were significant for body weight with test diameter (0.30similar to0.65) and test height (0.30similar to0.54) and test diameter with test height (0.31similar to0.65). Genetic correlation estimates, derived the nested design and half-sib correlation analysis used in this study, appear to provide reliable estimates. Significant phenotypic correlations were found for body weight with test diameter (0.82similar to0.86) and test height (0.49similar to0.83), and test diameter with test height (0.47similar to0.84). The phenotypic correlations for test height with body weight (0.491) and test diameter (0.467) at 12 months' of age were smaller than those earlier sampling periods.(C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

鮡科褶鮡属鱼类部分线粒体DNA���列分析与分子进化

采用PCR技术获得了中国鮡科褶鮡属(Pseudecheneis)5种鱼类及外群种类巨魾[Bagarius yarrelli(Sykes)]和红河纹胸鮡(Glyptothorax fukiensis honghensis Li)的线粒体部分基因序列.序列分析结果表明:间褶鮡(Pseudecheneis intermedius Chu)与平吻褶鮡(P.paviei Vaillant)在Cyt b基因片段上完全无差异,形成单倍型,支持间褶鮡应为平吻褶鮡的同物异名.凭Cyt b基因片段构建了它们的NJ,MP和ML分子树,3棵分子树基本一致,均支持褶鮡属构成一单系群;怒江和伊洛瓦底江"黄斑褶鮡"不同样品分别聚在一起,但二水系的样品未能形成一单系;其他各种的不同样品均能分别聚在一起形成单系.怒江和伊洛瓦底江"黄斑褶鮡"的分类地位值得今后进一步研究.

PHYLOGENY OF THE SLOW LORISES (GENUS NYCTICEBUS) - AN APPROACH USING MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS

Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in 15 specimens of three species of slow lorises-Nycticebus coucang, N. intermedius, and N. pygmaeus-were analyzed in order to study the evolutionary relationships among the species. Eight restriction types were observed in the samples. Phylogenetic trees constructed on the basis of genetic distances showed that the slow lorises sort into two clusters: four types of N. coucang and three types of N. intermedius plus one type of N. pygmaeus. Our results suggest that there are two valid species in the genus Nycticebus-N. coucang and N. pygmaeus-and that N. intermedius should be included within N. pygmaeus. Divergence between the two species may have begun 2.7 Ma (million years ago). Evolution of gross morphology, chromosomes, and mitochondrial DNA in the slow lorises appears to be concordant.

STUDIES ON THE CHROMOSOMES OF GENUS NYCTICEBUS

The karyotypes of three species (N. coucang, N. intermedius, and N. pygmaeus) of genus Nycticebus, collected from the southern Yunnan of China, have been studied. All individuals from three species possess 2n=50 chromosomes, and all chromosomes in their complement are biarm chromosomes. The karyotype of slow loris (N. coucang) is characterized by having a secondary constriction and Ag-NORs in the short arms of pair No. 1. The G-banding patterns of three species are very similar. Three species are found to have multiple Ag-NORs. In N. coucang, NORs were observed on five pairs (Nos. 1, 6, 9, 15, and 23) and in N. intermedius and N. pygmaeus, NORs were found on four pairs (Nos. 6, 9, 15, and 20). This finding indicates that slow lorises, as primitive primates, also have multiple NOR-bearing chromosomes. Finally, the classification of genus Nycticebus by karyotype analysis is discussed, and our results suggest that there are at least two valid species, namely: N. coucang and N. pygmaeus.

海洋动植物中不饱和脂肪酸的研究

不饱和脂肪酯是人及动物生长发育的必需物质。本论文分析了海洋动植物脂和脂肪酸的组成，并对不饱和脂肪酸的分离提纯方法进行了研究。一、海洋动植物的中性脂主要包括三酰甘油和胆固醇。动物极性脂主要为磷脂，包括磷脂酰丝馆酸（PS）、磷脂酸（PA���、磷脂酰肌醇（PI）、溶解性磷脂酰乙醇胺（LPE）、神经鞘磷脂（CAEP）、磷脂酰胆碱（PC）、磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE），双磷脂酰甘油（DPG）。其中LPE、DPG为动物所特有的磷脂。植物极性脂包括PI、PC、PE、双半乳糖苷地酰甘油酯（DGDG）、硫代6-脱氧葡萄糖苷二酰甘油酯（SQDG）、单半乳糖苷二酰甘油酯（MGDG）、磷脂酰甘油（PG）及植物脑苷脂（Plant Cerebrosides）。其中MGDG、DGDG、SQDG为植物所特有的三种糖脂。二、海洋动植物含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸，多聚不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA���含量尤为显著。灰凹贻贝（Crenomythilus graiaynus）的二十碳五烯酸（EPA���含量为10.6%,二十碳四烯酸（AA）为3.7%，二十二碳六烯酸（DHA���为14.26%。中间球海胆（Strongylocentrotus intermedius）的AA含量为7.36%，EPA���15.98%。内枝多管藻（Polysiphonia morroωii)PUFA���量非常高，AA占2.43%，20:4ω3占4.97%，EPA���45.03%。裙带菜（Undaria pinnatifida���的PUFA���，十八碳二烯酸占6.16%，AA占12.99%，EPA���7.83%这些PUFA���都为人及动物生长发育的必需脂肪酸。三、尿素诱导法是大量提取混合PUFA���有效方法。在产品中，饱和脂肪酸的含量可以忽略不计，单烯脂肪酸含量降低很多；高吸附能力的柱层析是提取PUFA���体的较好方法，其产物的纯度达98%以上。