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em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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本文分三部分论述了聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的制备、结构、性质和在大分子稀水溶液浓缩方面的应用。I、聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的制备与研究用以下两种不同方法制备了丙烯酰胺(AM)-丙烯酚钠(AANa)共聚物水凝胶:i、AM-AANa直接辐射共聚:ii、AM水凝胶辐射均聚,再经碱水解。考察以上两个体系的凝胶化剂量,发现前者比后者的凝胶化剂量大一个数量级。理论推导得到水凝胶溶胀比Q_m,与吸收剂量R和共聚物中AANa含量Z之间存在以下关系式:Q_m~(-2/3) ∝ R/Z并用实验证实了所得到的理论关系式。在研究水凝胶溶胀比的影响因素时发现,水凝胶的溶胀比并不随其中的离子基团(-COO~-)含量的增加而无限增加。AM均聚物水凝胶和AANa均聚物水凝胶的溶胀比都不是很大(均不超过400),只有当两者以一定比例混合共聚时,才有最大的溶胀比(大于2000),提出了“有效阴离子”的概念以解释这些现象。在研究pH值对AM-AANa共聚物水凝胶溶胀比的影响时发现,在溶液pH为2.5-3.5之间,水凝胶发生了可逆的相转移,已吸水溶胀的水凝胶突然收缩,释放出所吸入的水,前后体积相差400倍。此外,溶液中无机盐浓度对水凝胶的溶胀比影响很大。当无机盐浓度大于0.01M时,其溶胀比急剧下降。II、用~(13)C-NMR技术研究AM-AANa辐射共聚物的序列分布用以下两种方法合成了线性AM-AANa共聚物:i、AM-AANa直接辐射共聚,ii、AM辐射均聚,再经碱部分水解。研究了AM-AANa共聚体系和AM均聚体系的吸收剂量,对单体转化率和聚合物分子量的影响。用~(13)C-NMR技术研究了AM均聚物、AANa均聚物和AM-AANa共聚物分子链的微观结构。AM均聚物和AANa均聚物中,羰基振动峰的化学位移分别约为180 ppm和185 ppm;而AM-AANa共聚物的羰基振动峰明显分裂成丙烯酰胺(M)和丙烯酸(A)两个区域,而每个区域又分裂成三重小峰。根据这些小峰的相对面积,可以得到其对应三组元的相对强度,由此得到共聚物的序列分布。我们研究了两种不同方法得到的AM-AANa共聚物的序列分布,将各三组元的相对强度,同由一级Markov统计模型所得到的理论曲线进行了比较,结果表明:i、对于AM-AANa直接共聚物,以M为中心的三组元M(M-bar)M、M(M-bar)M、A(M-bar)M的相对强度值同理论曲线较符合,而以A为中心的三组元A(A-bar)A、M(A-bar)A、M(A-bar)M的相对强度则同理论曲线有较大偏离。ii、对于部分水解产物,结果正好相反,即以A为中心的三组元的相对强度值同理论曲线较符合。iii、直接共聚物嵌段成份较多,A(A-bar)A的相对强度值较大;而部分水解产物交替成份较多,M(A-bar)M的相对强度较大。III、水凝胶吸水法浓缩大分子稀水溶液 蛋白质等生物高分子极不稳定,温度、压力等外界条件的变化,都可以导致蛋白质分子的变质,因而其稀水溶液的浓缩是一般方法难以实现的。本工作用AM-AANa共聚物水凝胶吸水溶胀的办法浓缩蛋白质稀水溶液。由于蛋白质分子具有巨大的排斥体积而不被水凝胶吸收,因而其水溶液得到浓缩。本方法在常温常压下进行,不会导致蛋白质分子的变质,而且浓缩过程中并不需要特殊的装置,因而此方法具有很大的可行性。利用AM-AANa共聚物的相转移现象,通过改变pH值,使吸水溶胀的水凝胶收缩,把所吸入的水释放出来,从而可反复使用水凝胶。我们对几种蛋白质分子稀水溶液进行了浓缩试验,浓缩效率均在80%以上,并发现影响浓缩效率的主要因素有以下几种:i、对于不同的蛋白质水溶液,其浓缩效率不同;ii、对于同一种蛋白质分子,浓缩效率与水溶液的浓度有关,溶液越稀,浓缩效果越好;iii、浓缩效率与水凝胶的交联密度有关。对AM-AANa共聚物水凝胶,可通过调节其吸收剂量R,改变其浓缩效率。

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High-solids, low-viscosity, stable poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) aqueous latex dispersions were prepared by the dispersion polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) in an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate (AS) medium using anionic polyelectrolytes as stabilizers. The anionic polyelectrolytes employed include poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium) (PAMPSNa) homopolymer and random copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium (AMPSNa) with methacrylic acid sodium (MAANa), acrylic acid sodium (AANa) or acrylamide (AM). The influences of stabilizer's structure, composition, molecular weight and concentration, AA/AM molar feed ratio, total monomer, initiator and aqueous solution of AS concentration, and stirring speed on the monomer conversion, the particle size and distribution, the bulk viscosity and stability of the dispersions, and the intrinsic viscosity of the resulting copolymer were systematically investigated. Polydisperse spherical as well as ellipsoidal particles were formed in the system. The broad particle size distributions indicated that coalescence of the particles takes place to a greater extent.

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In the present work, the mechanism of radiation-induced copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) with sodium acrylate (AANa) in aqueous solution was studied. A method to protect the copolymerization system from the crosslinking and a carbon-carbon mechanism to form gel in copolymerization reaction have been proposed. The condition to prepare the products with different molecular weight, especially with very high molecular weight were found.