38 resultados para 989
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
Resumo:
This paper reports a flume experiment of flow and sediment movement in a cavity. The flow velocity, sediment concentration and the mechanism of hydraulic sorting in the circulation flow are discussed. The quantity and patterns of sediment deposition in the circulation area are studied as well.
Resumo:
细胞色素b6f蛋白复合体(Cytochrome b6f complex, Cyt b6f)是光合膜上参与光合作用原初反应过程的主要膜蛋白超分子复合体之一。莱茵衣藻和嗜热蓝细菌的Cyt b6f三维晶体结构均显示,每Cyt b6f单体分子含有1分子Chlorophyll a (Chl a ),充分肯定了Chl a 是Cyt b6f天然成分的观点(Kurisu et al,2003;Stroebel et al,2003)。研究表明不同来源的Cyt b6f中Chla单线激发态寿命(或荧光寿命)并不一样,多数的研究结果认为Cyt b6f中Chla单线激发态寿命只有200ps左右,但是也有Cyt b6f中Chla单线激发态寿命为~600ps的报道;而甲醇中游离Chl a 的单线激发态寿命为4ns左右。针对Cyt b6f中Chla单线激发态寿命快速淬灭的现象,Dashdorj 等(2005)根据晶体结构推测Cyt b6f中Chla单线激发态和邻近的Cyt b6亚基上Tyr105残基发生电子交换传递,从而快速淬灭Chla单线激发态,减少了三线态Chl a和单线态氧的产生,并且认为这是Cyt b6f保护自身不受单线态氧破坏的一种机制,但是这一推测缺乏有力的证据。另外,Cyt b6f中Chla的功能仍然未知。本文以菠菜Cyt b6f为对象,结合多种实验手段,测定了菠菜Cyt b6f中Chl a单线激发态寿命,并对复合体中Chl a 单线激发态淬灭的机理进行了深入研究。此外,我们还对复合体中Chl a 可能的功能进行了初步地探讨。获得了如下的结果: 1.针对不同来源的Cyt b6f中Chla单线激发态寿命(或荧光寿命)测定结果不同的报道,仔细分析了其中的原因,发现除了样品来源的差异外,使用不同的去垢剂可能是一个不可忽视的因素。在实验中,不同的研究者分别采用了十二烷基麦芽糖苷(n-Dodecyl β-D-maltoside,DDM,)和八烷基葡萄糖苷(n-Octyl β-D-glucopyranoside,β-OG)作为溶解样品的去垢剂。因此,本文借助稳态吸收和稳态荧光光谱、瞬态光散射技术,CD光谱和亚皮秒时间分辨吸收光谱等技术,分别研究了这两种去垢剂对Cyt b6f结构和功能的不同影响。结果表明,DDM去垢剂能使Cyt b6f处于较好的分散体系中,其中血红素和Chl a分子处于特定的蛋白环境中,不会导致Cyt b6f变性;而β-OG去垢剂会使Cyt b6f产生聚合现象,其中的血红素和Chl a与蛋白环境的相互作用减弱,和DDM相比其电子传递活性显著降低,Chl a单线激发态寿命延长,Chl a更容易被光破坏。通过这一工作,我们优化和确定了Cyt b6f的溶解条件,为下面的研究工作打下了良好的基础。 2.利用Tyr的特异性修饰剂p-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl Fluoride(NBSF)对Cyt b6f样品进行特性修饰,经原子吸收谱、荧光谱、CD谱、质谱等方法对修饰后的样品进行鉴定,并结合时间分辨飞秒吸收光谱技术,测得修饰后的样品在660nm激发下Chl a 单线激发态寿命延长,从而在实验上提供了Tyr与淬灭Chla单线激发态有关的证据。但是对Cyt b6f 中Chl a瞬态吸收图谱仔细研究表明,菠菜Cyt b6f 中Chl a单线激发态快速淬灭过程中并没有发现Tyr与Chl a 之间发生电子传递时所形成的Chla•¯。以上结果表明,Cyt b6f 中Chl a单线激发态快速的淬灭确实和邻近的Tyr105有关,但是与Dashdorj 等提出的Chla单线激发态和Tyr105残基发生了电子交换传递从而淬灭Chla单线激发态这一想法不符,关于这一问题值得进一步深入研究。 3.红光和绿光对Cyt b6f 照射,Cyt f可以被还原,并且红光比绿光更容易使Cyt f 还原,暗示Cyt f 的还原与Chl a 的关系密切,有可能是Chl a 被激发后,其被激发的电子传给Cyt f。对这一现象的进一步研究表明,Cyt b6f在光照条件下,Cyt f 的还原与体系内C10-PQ库的氧化还原状况相关,氧化型的C10-PQ可能介导电子从Chla传向Cyt f。由于在体内质体醌库的氧化还原状态往往决定Cyt b6f 的氧化还原状态,而通过对Cyt b6f不同氧化和还原状态的吸收谱和荧光谱的研究表明,氧化态和还原态的Cyt b6f 中,Chl a 与蛋白的结合状态是有差异的。这些差异可能暗示着Chl a 分子在行使其功能时与复合体的氧化还原状态是有关系的。通过以上的结果,对Cyt b6f中Chl a 可能的功能进行了假设。 4.此外,我们还发现Cyt b6f具有明显的过氧化物酶活性。在0.1 mmol/L乙酸钠缓冲液,pH3.6,25℃,[H2O2] <40mmol/L的条件下,其催化反应的速度常数为kobs=26±1.2M•s-1;对H2O2的Km 值为50mmol/L,对guaiacol的Km 值为2mmol/L;反应的最适pH为3.6,最适离子强度为0.1,最适温度为35℃。推测Cyt b6f的这种过氧化物酶活性可能是在胁迫环境下使Cyt b6f中的血红素和Chl a 分子免受H2O2的破坏。
Resumo:
干细胞冷冻保存是干细胞研究和临床应用中的必需技术.为提高兔胚胎干细胞在慢速冻存过程中的保存效果,比较了二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和乙二醇(ethylene glycol,EG)对兔胚胎干细胞冷冻保护效果.对冷冻复苏后的细胞进行台盼蓝染色,并研究其胚胎干细胞分子特性,结果表明DMSO比EG具有更好的冷冻保护效果.再在以10% DMSO为基础的防冻液中添加膜稳定剂海藻糖(trehalose)或谷氨酰胺(glutamine),细胞冷冻复苏后结果显示,谷氨酰胺对兔胚胎干细胞有明显的冷冻保护作用,使细胞存活率从71%提高到83.7%.当谷氨酰胺浓度为0、5、10、20、40 mmol/L分别加入防冻液中后,20 mmol/L的谷氨酰胺具有最佳的冷冻保护效果.以上结果得出兔胚胎干细胞慢速冷冻的防冻液改进配方为:在胚胎干细胞培养液中添加10% DMSO+20 mmol/L谷氨酰胺.
Resumo:
The present study aimed to establish a sensitive in vitro assay to assess the binding capacity of cat spermatozoa. Cat oocytes and epididymal sperm cells were isolated from gonads and cultured for in vitro fertilization. Before fertilization, the sperm ce
Resumo:
10 mu m-thick ultra-thin Si (111) membranes for GaN epi-layers growth were successfully fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate by backside etching the handle Si and buried oxide (BOX) layer. Then 1 mu m-thick GaN layers were deposited on these Si membranes by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The crack-free areas of 250 mu m, x 250 mu m were obtained on the GaN layers due to the reduction of thermal stress by using these ultra-thin Si membranes, which was further confirmed by the photoluminescence (PL) spectra and the simulation results from the finite element method calculation by using the software of ANSYS. In this paper, a newly developed approach was demonstrated to utilize micromechanical structures for GaN growth, which would improve the material quality of the epi-layers and facilitate GaN-based micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) fabrication, especially the pressure sensor, in the future applications. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
Behaviors of the photoluminescence blue-band and near-bandgap peak and the relevant thermal ionization energies of the shallow and deep Mg-related acceptors have been studied, respectively. The 2.989 eV blue-band is attributed to the deep donor-acceptor-pair transitions involving a deep Mg-related acceptor at E-v+0.427 eV. The blueshift with increasing excitation power is explained by variation in the contribution of close and distant donor-acceptor-pairs to the luminescence. The redshift with increasing temperature results from thermal release of carriers from close donor-acceptor-pairs. The 3.26 eV near-bandgap peak is attributed to the shallow donor-acceptor-pair transitions involving a shallow Mg-related acceptor at E-v+0.223 eV. The relevant thermal ionization energies of the shallow and deep Mg-related acceptors, being about E-v+0.16 and E-v+0.50eV, are determined from deep-level transient Fourier spectroscopy measurements.
Resumo:
This paper describes the binary exponential backoff mechanism of 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF), and introduces some methods of modifying the backoff scheme. Then a novel backoff scheme, called Two-step Backoff scheme, is presented and illustrated. The simulation process in OPNET environment has been described also. At last, the analysis and simulation results show that the Two-step backoff scheme can enhance the performance of the IEEE 802.11 DCF.
Resumo:
本文讨论了平板集热器室内试验的修正问题,并提出了修正公式。经过修正的室内试验结果同室外试验较好地相符,表明修正的模式是可取的。