Mixed-mode fracture mechanisms near the fatigue threshold of aisi-316 stainless-steel

Near threshold, mixed mode (I and II), fatigue crack growth occurs mainly by two mechanisms, coplanar (or shear) mode and branch (or tensile) mode. For a constant ratio of ΔK_I/ΔK_II the shear mode growth shows a self-arrest character and it would only start again when ΔK_I and ΔK_II are increased. Both shear crack growth and the early stages of tensile crack growth, are of a crystallographic nature; the fatigue crack proceeds along slip planes or grain boundaries. The appearance of the fracture surfaces suggest that the mechanism of crack extension is by developing slip band microcracks which join up to form a macrocrack. This process is thought to be assisted by the nature of the plastic deformation within the reversed plastic zone where high back stresses are set up by dislocation pile-ups against grain boundaries. The interaction of the crack tip stress field with that of the dislocation pile-ups leads to the formation of slip band microcracks and subsequent crack extension. The change from shear mode to tensile mode growth probably occurs when the maximum tensile stress and the microcrack density in the maximum tensile plane direction attain critical values.

鱼苗养成夏花的成活率高达98.99％—水生生物研究所初步试验成功新的饲养方法

<正> 鱼苗养成夏花的成活率,过去一般只有50%左右,有些低的还不到10%。这是发展淡水养鱼生产的巨大障碍之一。湖北省每年从江中捕获鱼苗很多,留养的数量也很大,但每年大湖放养的鱼种,还要向外省购进。这便说明提高鱼苗养成夏花、养咸鱼种的成活率的重要意义了。我所鱼病学组的工作者,在党的支持下,进行了提高鱼苗养成夏花成活率的饲养方法的试验,已获得良好

Design consideration and performance of high-power and high-brightness InGaAs-InGaAsP-AlGaAs quantum-well diode lasers (lambda=0.98 mu m)

In this paper, we conduct a theoretical analysis of the design, fabrication, and performance measurement of high-power and high-brightness strained quantum-well lasers emitting at 0.98 mum, The material system of interest consists of an Al-free InGaAs-InGaAsP active region and AlGaAs cladding layers. Some key parameters of the laser structure are theoretically analyzed, and their effects on the laser performance are discussed. The laser material is grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and demonstrates high quality with low-threshold current density, high internal quantum efficiency, and extremely low internal loss. High-performance broad-area multimode and ridge-waveguide single-mode laser devices are fabricated. For 100-mum-wide stripe lasers having a cavity length of 800 mum, a high slope efficiency of 1.08 W-A, a low vertical beam divergence of 34 degrees, a high output power of over 4.45 W, and a very high characteristic temperature coefficient of 250 K were achieved. Lifetime tests performed at 1.2-1.3 W (12-13 mW/mum) demonstrates reliable performance. For 4-mum-wide ridge waveguide single-mode laser devices, a maximum output power of 394 mW and fundamental mode power up to 200 mW with slope efficiency of 0.91 mW/mum are obtained.

黄土高原坡地密植枣园土壤质地与肥力状况分析

采用田间取样与实验室分析相结合的方法,研究了黄土高原坡地密植枣园土壤质地与肥力状况。结果表明,坡地枣园土壤肥力低,氮、磷严重缺乏,钾相对丰富,土壤属于砂壤土,通气性强,保肥、保水性差。0~60 cm土壤有机质含量为1.687~5.002 mg/kg;全氮为0.072~0.316 g/kg;硝酸盐为2.325~16.846 g/kg;铵态氮为1.187~2.146 g/kg,速效磷为0.270~2.480 mg/kg,速效钾为51.9~169.1 mg/kg,并且含量均随剖面向下减少。颗粒组成大部分为粉砂粒,含量一般在65.75%~68.98%;随有机质含量升高,0.25~0.05 mm微团聚体数量呈上升趋势,二者为正相关;<0.05 mm微团聚体含量则逐渐下降,二者呈负相关。黄土高原坡地密植枣园土壤肥力总体水平很低。除了速效钾为中等级外,有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷均为很低等级。

An asymmetric broad waveguide structure for a 0.98-μm high-conversion-efficiency diode laser

A novel asymmetric broad waveguide diode laser structure was designed for high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The internal quantum efficiency, the series resistance, and the thermal resistance were theoretically optimized. The series resistance and the thermal resistance were greatly decreased by optimizing the thickness of the P-waveguide and the P-cladding layers. The internal quantum efficiency was increased by introducing a novel strain-compensated GaAs_0.9P_0.1/InGaAs quantum well. Experimentally, a single 1-cm bar with 20% fill factor and 900 μm cavity length was mounted P-side down on a microchannel-cooled heatsink, and a peak PCE of 60% is obtained at 26.3-W continuous wave output power.The results prove that this novel asymmetric waveguide structure design is an efficient approach to improve the PCE.

静压下ZnS（0.02）Te（0.98）混晶的共振喇螺散射研究

于2010-11-23批量导入

抗皮肤真菌海洋放线菌MB-98的分类鉴定

从辽宁省大连海域分离到 1株海洋放线菌 ,编号MB 98,其产生的次生代谢产物对皮肤致病真菌白色念珠菌、石膏样毛癣菌、红色毛癣菌有很好的抑制作用。MB 98在大部分特征培养基上气丝为白色或白略粉 ,基丝为炒米黄或浅芒果棕 ,在所有培养基上均无色素产生 ,电镜观察MB 98孢子丝呈稀疏螺旋型 ,孢子呈椭圆或长圆柱型 ,孢子表面光滑 ,MB 98可以利用大部分碳源。根据分类鉴定研究 ,将MB 98定名为白色链霉菌海洋变种。

Synthesis, photoluminescence, thermoluminescence and dosimetry properties of novel phosphor KSr4(BO3)(3):Ce

Polycrystalline powder sample of KSr4(BO3)(3) was synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction. The influence of different rare earth dopants, i.e. Tb3+, TM3+ and Ce3+, on thermoluminescence (TL) of KSr4(BO3)(3) Phosphor was discussed. The TL, photoluminescence (PL) and some dosimetric properties of Ce3+-activated KSr4(BO3)(3) phosphor were studied. The effect of the concentration of Ce3+ on TL intensity was investigated and the result showed that the optimum Ce3+ concentration was 0.2 mol%. The TL kinetic parameters of KSr4(BO3)(3):0.002 Ce3+ phosphor were calculated by computer glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) method. Characteristic emission peaking at about 407 and 383 nm due to the 4f(0)5d(1) -> F-2((5/2),(7/2)) transitions of Ce3+ ion were observed both in PL and three-dimensional (3D) TL spectra. The dose-response of KSr4(BO3)(3):0.002 Ce3+ to gamma-ray was linear in the range from 1 to 1000 mGy. In addition, the decay of the TL intensity of KSr4(BO3)(3):0.002 Ce3+ was also investigated.

Charge transport in a blue-emitting alternating block copolymer with a small spacer to conjugated segment length ratio

We analyze current versus voltage data obtained using single carrier injection in several metal/polymer/metal sandwich structures. The polymer used in each case is a soluble blue-emitting alternating block copolymer. Our experimental results demonstrate that the electron transport is space-charge limited by the high density of traps having an exponential energy distribution (temperature dependent characteristic energy) in the copolymer. The electron mobility of 8x10(-10) cm(2)/V s is directly determined using space-charge-limited current analytical expressions. Hole transport is also space-charge limited, with a mobility of 2x10(-6) cm(2)/V s. A hole trap with energy 0.17 eV is observed. We compare these results with those obtained for related block copolymers with different spacer and conjugated segment lengths and discuss the influence of spacer length and conjugated segment length on the charge transport properties. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)04501-1].

Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel polymeric praseodymium(III) complex with a new flexible double betaine

A novel polymeric Pr(III) complex with a new double betaine, namely [{Pr(L-1)(1.5)(H2O)(2)}(n)] [ClOli4]3(n). nH(2)O (1) (L-1= 1,4-diazoniobicyclo[2,2,2]octane- 1,4-dipropionate), has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray analysis. In the title complex, the Pr(III) atom is nine-coordinated by seven oxygen atoms from five L-1 ligands and two aqua ligands. Each pair of adjacent praseodymium(III) atoms is linked by a pair of mu(3) chelating and bridging carboxylate groups, thus forming an infinite metal metal chain running parallel to the a direction, and such chains are cross-linked by flexible backbones of L-1 ligands into a three-dimensional network with the perchlorate anions and lattice water molecules accommodated in the interstitial space. The title complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with a = 8.085(2), b = 14.316(3), c = 29.775(6) Angstrom, beta = 103.04(3)degrees and Z = 4.