Fatigue-crack closure measurements on 2024-t3 sheet specimens

A computer-controlled procedure has been developed for automatic measurement of the crack opening stress S-op during fatigue tests. A crack opening displacement gauge (GOD meter) is used to obtain digital data on the load versus COD curves. Three methods for deriving S-op from the data sets are compared: (1) a slope method, (2) a tangent lines intersecting method, and (3) a tangent point method. The effect of the position of the COD meter with respect to the crack tip on S-op is studied in tests of 2024-T3 specimens. Results of crack growth and S-op are presented for CA loading with an overload, and with an overload followed by an underload.

高等植物光系统II捕光天线结构与功能的研究

高等植物光系统II的捕光天线蛋白（LHC II）在光能的吸收、传递和调节激发能在两个光系统之间的分配以及维持类囊体膜的垛叠等方面都起着重要的作用，因而得到了广泛的研究。目前普遍认为LHC II在植物体内是以三聚体的形式存在并行使功能的，但也有研究者发现了单体和寡聚体等多种形式的LHC II。本论文以菠菜为研究对象，采用改进的方法从类囊体膜中提取纯化了LHC II三聚体，对膜脂和色素在三聚体形成和蛋白空间结构中的影响，以及不同聚集态LHC II组成、结构和功能的差异进行了较系统的研究。此外，还将Lhcb2基因反向插入到烟草中，利用转基因植物来研究其生理功能。获得了如下结果： 1，采用改进的方法从菠菜类囊体膜中分离纯化了LHC II。与改进前比，其流程可以缩短2小时且产率也有明显的提高。SDS变性电泳和Triton X-100非变性电泳的检测结果表明，此样品纯度较高，是由三条分子量分别为29KD、28KD和26KD的多肽组成的异质三聚体。同时样品的吸收光谱和荧光光谱分析结果也与前人的报道一致。 2，分析了LHC II三聚体中的膜脂和脂肪酸组成及含量。与PSII相比，LHC II含有相同的四种膜脂：MGDG、DGDG、PG和SQDG。但LHC II中PG的含量是PSII的两倍，说明PSII中的PG主要富集在外周天线区域。同时PG中含有特异的反式十六碳一烯酸，且含量很高。用专一消化PG上Sn-2位脂肪酸链的磷脂酶A2（PLA2）处理LHC II三聚体，然后再加入PG重组的方法证明了含十六碳一烯酸的PG在三聚体结构的维持中起着至关重要的作用。去掉PG后， LHC II三聚体的结构受到了影响，部分解聚成了单体，同时其光谱特性也发生了变化，表现为叶绿素b分子的吸收峰及其激发的荧光发射峰都明显下降。回加PG则可使解聚的单体又重新聚集成三聚体。 3，分别用电洗脱和蔗糖密度梯度离心两种方法分离了LHC II三聚体、二聚体和单体。两者比较，电洗脱对样品的破坏较大，而蔗糖密度梯度离心更加温和，对蛋白上结合的色素影响不大。系统研究了不同聚集态LHC II的组成和光谱特性后发现，三种聚集态的LHC II有相同的多肽组成，并且都结合着5种色素，但是色素的含量差异较大。二聚体和单体中，叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素分子的含量比三聚体的低很多，此外，单体叶绿素a分子的含量也明显减少。对三种聚集态LHC II的各种光谱特性进行分析的结果表明，由于叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素分子含量较少，二聚体和单体中叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的吸收均有所下降，而且从类胡萝卜素到叶绿素b以及从叶绿素b到叶绿素a的能量传递效率都低于LHC II三聚体，总体表现为三聚体 > 二聚体 > 单体。此外，不同单体之间叶绿素a到叶绿素a的能量传递也被破坏。推测三种聚集态LHC II在吸能、传能和结构上的差异，可能是植物适应不同外界环境的一种调控机制。 4，模拟体内过程，在体外将大肠杆菌中表达的Lhcb2蛋白和色素进行重组，以此来研究色素与蛋白组装过程中蛋白二级结构和色素结合状态的变化。结果表明色素在脱辅基蛋白的体外重折叠中至关重要。在与色素重组的过程中，蛋白二级结构中-螺旋含量逐渐上升并最终接近天然水平，而无规卷曲逐渐减少。从光谱的变化可以看出，色素分子与蛋白的结合经历了一个由无序到有序的过程，色素蛋白复合物的光谱信号由弱变强，重组得到的样品与天然LHC II十分相似。 5，为了更好地研究LHC II异质三聚体中单体可能具有的独特生理功能，建立了Lhcb2基因的反义抑制植物表达载体pBI-antiLhcb2，用根癌农杆菌介导法转化烟草，获得了转基因植株。酶切和PCR鉴定证明，Lhcb2基因已经成功地插入到烟草里。进一步的分子鉴定和生理生化功能分析还在进行中。

含砂率计

本实用新型涉及一种含砂率计，该砂率计是在砂浆管壁的径向对称位置分别通过射线发生器固定架和探测器固定架设有射线发生器和探测器，在射线发生器和探测器前均设有光栏，在射线发生器的光栏前还设有射线发生器防护活塞阀，在射线发生器的两侧分别设有前屏蔽块和后屏蔽；探测器的输出信号与探测器辅助电路相连；本实用新型为外卡式非接触γ射线测量，其测量精度高、测量范围大，可连续在线测量。

氟代柠檬酸对体外培养的神经胶质瘤细胞G422增殖的抑制效应

为研究氟代柠檬酸(Fluorocitrate)对体外培养的神经胶质瘤细胞生长的影响,采用MTT法研究不同的氟代柠檬酸浓度(0.0025mmol/L,0.005mmol/L,0.01 mmol/L,0.025mmol/L和0.1 mmol/L)和作用时间(36h,48h和60h)对神经胶质瘤细胞G422增殖的影响.结果发现:(1)氟代柠檬酸可抑制G422细胞的增殖,并且其抑制作用随氟代柠檬睃浓度的增加而增强;(2)高浓度(0.01 mmol/L,0.025 mmol/L和0.1 mmol/L)氟代柠檬酸对G422细胞的增殖抑制作用随作用时问的延长而增强:(3)低浓度(0.0025mmol/L和0.005mmol/L)氟代柠檬酸对G422细胞的增殖抑制作用不随作用时间的延长而改变.实验表明,氟代柠檬酸能够抑制神经胶质瘤细胞的增殖,其抑制能力随氟代柠檬酸浓度的增加和作用时间的延长而加强.

Prediction of the retentions of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) by using the retentions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)

The retention equations ln k' = A + B/T of 49 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and 4 polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) in gas chromatography (GC) have been investigated to evaluate the properties of regression coefficients A and B. The quantitative relationships between A and B values of PCDDs and those of PBDDs are found. The regression equations derived have correlation coefficients greater than 0.997. The A, B values of any PBDD can be predicted by using the A, B values of the PCDD according to these relationships. Using these predicted A and B values, the retention times of all PBDDs can be predicted at any temperature program. It is very useful to identify the peak position of any PBDD because at present there are only a few standards of PBDDs available. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fabrication of photonic crystal on semiconductor materials by using focued ion-beam

A method of manufacturing two-dimensional photonic crystals on several kinds of semiconductor materials in near infrared region by a focused ion beam is introduced, and the corresponding fabrication results are presented and show that the obtained parameters of fabricated photonic crystals are identical with the designed ones. Using the tunable laser source, the spectra of the fabricated passive photonic crystal and the active photonic crystal are measured. The experiment demonstrates that the focused ion-beam can be used to fabricate the perfect two-dimensional photonic crystals and their devices.

Low Temperature Deposited Nano-structured Vanadium Oxide Thin Films for Uncooled Infrared Detectors

A novel process of room temperature ion beam sputtering deposition of vanadium oxide films and low temperature post annealing for uncooled infrared detectors was proposed in this work. VOx thin films with relatively low square resistance (70 K Omega / square) and large temperature coefficient of resistance (more than 3%/K) at room temperature were fabricated using this low temperature process which was very compatible with the process of uncooled infrared detectors based on micromachined technology. Furthermore, chemical composition and film surface have been characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The results showed that the main composition of the processed thin films was V2O5 and the thin films were in the process of crystallization.

CFCs和PT方程

CFCs问题引来了广泛的研究.本文概述了CFCs问题.对于状态方程，讨论了1982年发表的PT方程。由此进一步比较讨论了RKS 和PR方程，另外总结了立方型方程的通式.这些对CFCs新工质的模拟计算都具有现实价值.