62 resultados para 735

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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This paper reports a multi-scale study on damage evolution process and rupture of gabbro under uniaxial compression with several experimental techniques, including MTS810 testing machine, white digital speckle correlation method, and acoustic emission technique. In particular, the synchronization of the three experimental systems is realized for the study of relationship of deformation and damage at multiple scales. It is found that there are significant correlation between damage evolution at small and large length scales, and rupture at sample scale, especially it displays critical sensitivity at multiple scales and trans-scale fluctuations.

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随着观测分辨率的提高,已经观测到越来越多的具有射流束的射电星系,而且得到了射流束中的许多精细结构。本文用磁流体力学的二维理论,分析了射流束中的磁场位形。二维结果不仅在理论上是自洽的,而且可以描述观测到的磁场精细结构。具体讨论了一个理论模型,并与NGC 6251射流束的观测结果比较,两者符合得较好。本文的结果还指出,如果中心天体具有较强的磁场,射流束中以纵场为主,许多类星体双源可属此类;若中心天体磁场较弱,射流束以横场为主,某些射电星系可属此类。磁场可以对射电双源的形态以及动力学过程有重要的影响。

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运用岩石破裂与失稳过程分析RFPA~(2D)系统以及FLAC~(2D)程序对广州地铁二号线隧道通过电化教育学院录音楼引起建筑物桩基的变形与力学特性进行研究。RFPA~(2D)系统视材料为非均匀损伤材料,考虑修正后的Mohr-Coulomb准则(包含拉伸截断)作为单元破坏的强度判据,研究不同隧道开挖方式对建筑物桩基和地面移动的影响。分析表明,RFPA~(2D)系统是研究地表移动和破坏机理的适用工具。

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Two basic types of depolarization mechanisms, carrier-carrier (CC) and carrier-phonon (CP) scattering, are investigated in optically excited bulk semiconductors (3D), in which the existence of the transverse relaxation time is proven based on the vector property of the interband transition matrix elements. The dephasing rates for both CC and CP scattering are determined to be equal to one half of the total scattering-rate-integrals weighted by the factors (1 - cos chi), where chi are the scattering angles. Analytical expressions of the polarization dephasing due to CC scattering are established by using an uncertainty broadening approach, and analytical ones due to both the polar optical-phonon and non-polar deformation potential scattering (including inter-valley scattering) are also presented by using the sharp spectral functions in the dephasing rate calculations. These formulas, which reveal the trivial role of the Coulomb screening effect in the depolarization processes, are used to explain the experimental results at hand and provide a clear physical picture that is difficult to extract from numerical treatments.

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Photoluminescence spectrum of Ce:YAG single crystal was studied employing vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron radiation. Intrinsic absorption edge at about 52,000 cm(-1) was observed in the absorption spectrum. From the VUV excitation spectrum, the energy of the highest d-component of 53,191 cm(-1) (188 nm) for the Ce3+ ions in YAG was obtained at 300 K. The disappearance of the third 5d level at 37,735 cm(-1) (265 nm) in absorption and excitation spectra in our samples may be due to the impurity Fe3+ ions absorption. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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顽拗性种子在分类上分布广泛。由于顽拗性种子贮藏特性极为特殊,对脱水和低温均十分敏感,易受损伤,所以种子寿命很短,因此在植物种质资源保存领域,顽拗性种子的保存一直被列为重点研究课题,至今仍难以找到顽拗性种子的适宜贮藏条件,或该类种子保存通行的方法,仅推测长期保存顽拗性种子种质资源最有前途的方式是超低温保存,顽拗性种子资源保存是一个世界性难题。 本文试图使用分子运动性预测顽拗性种子离体胚轴的适宜贮藏条件。选用壳斗科植物麻栎种子为实验材料。应用电子顺磁共振波谱仪和自旋标记技术,以硝基氧探针CP为标记物,检测到室温下麻栎种子离体胚轴脱水过程中分子运动性的变化。含水量0.7 g H2O/g DW至0.64 g H2O/g DW范围是细胞质粘度的转折区域,低于这个含水量区域,细胞质粘度骤然上升,推测这个区域是室温下保存离体胚轴的适宜含水量下限。 通过变温电子顺磁测定,找到离体胚轴含水量在0.43 g H2O/g DW至1.02 g H2O/g DW范围内,分子运动性的临界温度和玻璃态相变温度所在区间。根据分子运动性随温度变化规律,预测含水量为0.69 g H2O/g DW的麻栎种子离体胚轴适宜贮藏温度约为-50 ℃。 根据EPR实验结果,将胚轴脱水,并根据实验条件选择不同温度进行低温贮藏验证实验,应用颜色观测法和TTC存活力鉴定法,初步验证分子运动性理论可以应用在顽拗性种子离体胚轴的低温贮藏研究中。 本研究说明顽拗性种子资源的保存有可能通过离体胚轴的低温贮藏实现,用分子运动性预测低温贮藏的适宜条件,很可能为上述问题的解决提供了有效的技术参数。

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磷脂酰甘油(PG)是光系统I(PSI)中唯一的磷脂,也是PSI重要的组成部分。在本工作中,我们通过改变PSI中PG的含量(体外重组至PG脂质体或专一性磷脂酶降解),研究了PG对PSI的调控作用。主要结果如下: 1. 外加PG导致PSI色素的结合状态和激子相互作用发生改变。吸收光谱中,Chl a特征峰蓝移且吸收降低。低温荧光光谱中,680nm处的峰逐渐明显,F730-735 /F680的比值下降,LHCI-730激发峰蓝移。可视CD光谱中Chl a、Chl b蓝移,它们的相互作用增强;类胡萝卜素分子发生红移。 2. PSI的重组引起了PSI蛋白质结构的改变,即蛋白的α-螺旋结构增加而无序结构含量减少。同时,PSI蛋白质内部的色氨酸残基处于更极性的环境。 3. PG对PSI的电子传递的影响具有浓度效应。低浓度时可以促进PSI的电子传递活性,而在相对较高浓度时抑制PSI的电子传递。 4. PLA2的处理导致PSI中PG的缺失,抑制了PSI反应中心P700的暗还原反应,即延长了其还原所用的时间。P700的暗还原反应存在快相和慢相两相反应。PG的缺失降低了这两相反应的反应速率,抑制了电子从质体蓝素(PC)到P700+的传递。

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潮滩湿地处于海陆相互作用地带,是响应全球变化和人类活动较为敏感的生态系统 之一。潮滩湿地是海岸带一个非常重要的生态类型,作为陆地和海洋过渡区的重要组成 部分,承接来自陆地人类活动带来的大量含氮物质。潮滩湿地氮的生物循环特征不但影 响湿地系统自身的调节机制,而且其在环境介质中的特殊动力学过程也与一系列全球环 境问题息息相关。为了更深入的理解潮滩湿地氮的生物循环特征及其关键机制,论文以 黄河口滨岸潮滩翅碱蓬湿地为研究对象,通过野外样品采集、原位实验、微区试验,研 究了湿地土壤氮的时空分布与化学转化特征,探讨了湿地植物生物量与氮累积季节变化 特征以及湿地植物残体分解及分解过程氮动态特征,建立了湿地植物-土壤系统氮循环 分室模式,主要结论如下:(1)潮滩湿地土壤氮含量具有明显的水平变异和空间结构, TN、NO3 --N 和C/N 具有明显空间分布格局,其空间变异性均以向低潮滩延伸且受潮汐 涨落影响较大的方向最大;微地貌特征和潮汐微域物理扰动是导致空间异质性的两个重 要随机因素,水盐条件、土壤类型和潮汐物理扰动是三个重要结构因素;(2)潮滩湿地 土壤氮含量在不同时期的垂直分布均存在较高变异性,主要与有机质分布、潮汐影响、 水分条件以及陆源影响程度有关;潮滩湿地土壤的氮含量具有明显季节变化特征,主要 与水分状况及受潮汐影响的程度有关;(3)潮滩湿地土壤氮的净矿化/硝化速率均呈波动 变化,并受生物固持、反硝化、温度、水分、C/N 和pH 等因素影响;潮滩湿地0~15cm 土壤的净矿化量和净硝化量分别介于0.33~27.81kg·hm-2 和1.19~15.99kg·hm-2,高潮滩湿 地维持无机氮的能力明显强于中潮滩和低潮滩湿地;(4)两种表现型翅碱蓬的生物量 均具有明显季节变化和空间结构分形特征,二者的地上生物量具有自相似性,分别遵从 D=2.012 和2.366 的分形生长过程;(5)沉积强度显著影响翅碱蓬种子的出苗和幼苗存 活,适度沉积可刺激幼苗生长,重度沉积对幼苗生长则具有抑制作用;沉积可促使幼苗 被埋部分发育为根系,反映了其对潮滩较强沉积环境的特殊适应对策;(6)两种表现 型翅碱蓬根、茎和枯落物的TN 含量均呈递减变化,符合指数衰减模型,叶是二者重要 氮储库,分配比高达46.91±16.97%和55.21±9.79%;中潮滩植被的N/P 为9.87±3.47<14, 其生长受N 限制,低潮滩植被的N/P 为15.73±5.00<16,其生长同时受N、P 限制,但 更受P 限制;(7)潮滩湿地植物残体在水盐含量较高或沉积较强条件下的失重率和分解 速率一般较高,反之则较低;温度、水分、盐分和pH 是影响残体相对分解速率的重要 摘 要 II 因素;(8)当分解环境的养分状况不发生较大改变时,残体相对分解速率在很大程度上 取决于基质质量,当养分状况因潮汐养分交换、潮汐物理扰动、沉积物矿化等发生较大 改变时,残体相对分解速率在很大程度上取决于分解环境养分供给状况;(9)潮滩湿地 植物残体在不同水盐梯度和沉积强度下的氮含量、C/N 的变化模式整体较为一致,水盐 条件和沉积强度对残体氮绝对量的变化具有重要影响,C/N 对分解过程中氮养分的调控 作用更为重要;(

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本文描述了一种将环境线索相关的大鼠吗啡成瘾模型与一种适用于自由活动动物的神经元单位放电胞外记录法相结 合的实验方法。该方法成功地用于研究成瘾大鼠海马CA1 区神经元的放电特征,从而在动物行为的基础上寻找到更为准 确、客观的细胞学特征,并试图将这种细胞学特征作为成瘾动物特有的电生理学指标之一。

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Rationale: Discriminating right from left is an everyday cognitive ability. Repeated exposure to certain drugs, such as heroin, can produce poor performance on many cognitive tasks. However, it is yet unclear whether drug abuse impairs the ability of right-left discrimination. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to examine whether the spatial ability measured by the right-left discrimination task can be affected by heroin abuse and whether such drug effect, if it exists, is gender related. Methods: A paper-and-pen test was used. The test consists of line drawings of a person with no arm, one arm, or both arms crossing the vertical body axis of the figure. The line drawings are viewed from the back, from the front, or randomly alternating between the back and front drawings. The subjects task is to mark which is the right or left hand in the figure as fast as possible. Results: A main finding in this study was that the ability to discriminate between left and right in visual space was impaired in heroin-dependent patients. Especially, heroin-dependent females performed poorer than control females in all conditions but heroin-dependent males only performed poorly in part of conditions. Conclusions: Recent heroin abuse impairs the ability of right-left discrimination and such impairment is gender related: heroin-dependent females demonstrated greater performance deficits than males.

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