~(139)Ce的多准粒子激发态

利用能量为50MeV的12C束流,通过反应130Te(12C,3n)布居了139Ce的高自旋态．基于标准在束核谱学实验测量结果,扩展并更新了139Ce的能级纲图．139Ce的能级结构具有球形原子核的典型特征,其高自旋态由单粒子激发形成．利用经验壳模型计算了139Ce的多准粒子激发态能量,研究了其高自旋激发态的多准粒子特性．

Study of multi-quasiparticle excited states in Ce-139

High-spin states in Ce-139 have been populated using the Te-130(C-12, 3n) reaction at beam energy of 50MeV. The level scheme of Ce-139 has been revised and extended greatly up to E=5765.0keV. The level structure of Ce-139 shows typical characteristics of spherical nucleus, and the high-spin states were formed by the excitations of valence nucleons. Energies of the yrast and near yrast high-spin states in Ce-139 have been calculated by the empirical shell model, and the multi-quasiparticle nature of high-spin excited states has been discussed.

Dipole bands in nucleus Pm-139

High-spin states in nucleus Pm-139 have been studied using the reaction Cd-116(Al-27, 4n)Pm-139. Two dipole cascades have been found. Spin and parity assignments were based on the Directional Correlation of Oriented Nuclei (DCO) ratios and systematic behavior in neighboring odd-proton nuclei. The level structures of Pm-139 are compared with those of the N = 78 isotone Eu-141 in which two dipole bands have been confirmed as magnetic rotational bands. The close similarity between them suggests that the dipole bands in Pm-139 may be magnetic rotational bands.

~(139)Pm高自旋态的实验研究；Experimental observation of high spin states in ~(139)Pm nucleus

通过重离子核反应116Cd(27Al,4n)与在束γ谱的实验技术,对A=130~140核区的奇A核139Pm的高自旋态进行了研究.根据γ-γ符合关系、γ射线的相对强度和各向异性度的测量结果,扩展并更新了139Pm的能级纲图.实验观测到基于πh11/2和πg7/2-[πh11/2]2(或者πd5/2-[πh11/2]2)组态的转动带,利用已有的理论计算结果对这些转动带进行了解释.同时还观测到三个具有很强M1跃迁、旋称劈裂很小的-I=1的带.通过简单分析和系统学比较,指认了它们的组态,发现它们具备磁转动带的特性,很可能是磁转动带.

桥式类型起重机箱形梁变幅疲劳试验研究

本文对桥式类型起重机箱形梁在变幅载荷作用下疲劳裂纹扩展规律及其寿命进行了实验研究，建立疲劳裂纹扩展规律及其寿命进行了实验研究，建立了疲劳裂纹扩展的Ｐａｒｉｓ公式．由得到的裂纹扩展公式估算了箱形梁的疲劳寿命和疲劳强度，并与试验结果作了比较

Electromechanical influence of crack velocity at bifurcation for poled ferroelectric materials

The piezoelastodynamic field equations are solved to determine the crack velocity at bifurcation for poled ferroelectric materials where the applied electrical field and mechanical stress can be varied. The underlying physical mechanism, however, may not correspond to that assumed in the analytical model. Bifurcation has been related to the occurrence of a pair of maximum circumferential stress oriented symmetrically about the moving crack path. The velocity at which this behavior prevails has been referred to as the limiting crack speed. Unlike the classical approach, bifurcation will be identified with finite distances ahead of a moving crack. Nucleation of microcracks can thus be modelled in a single formulation. This can be accomplished by using the energy density function where fracture initiation is identified with dominance of dilatation in relation to distortion. Poled ferroelectric materials are selected for this study because the microstructure effects for this class of materials can be readily reflected by the elastic, piezoelectic and dielectric permittivity constants at the macroscopic scale. Existing test data could also shed light on the trend of the analytical predictions. Numerical results are thus computed for PZT-4 and compared with those for PZT-6B in an effort to show whether the branching behavior would be affected by the difference in the material microstructures. A range of crack bifurcation speed upsilon(b) is found for different r/a and E/sigma ratios. Here, r and a stand for the radial distance and half crack length, respectively, while E and a for the electric field and mechanical stress. For PZT-6B with upsilon(b) in the range 100-1700 m/s, the bifurcation angles varied from +/-6degrees to +/-39degrees. This corresponds to E/sigma of -0.072 to 0.024 V m/N. At the same distance r/a = 0.1, PZT-4 gives upsilon(b) values of 1100-2100 m/s; bifurcation angles of +/-15degrees to +/-49degrees; and E/sigma of -0.056 to 0.059 V m/N. In general, the bifurcation angles +/-theta(0) are found to decrease with decreasing crack velocity as the distance r/a is increased. Relatively speaking, the speed upsilon(b) and angles +/-theta(0) for PZT-4 are much greater than those for PZT-6B. This may be attributed to the high electromechanical coupling effect of PZT-4. Using upsilon(b)(0) as a base reference, an equality relation upsilon(b)(-) < upsilon(b)(0) < upsilon(b)(+) can be established. The superscripts -, 0 and + refer, respectively, to negative, zero and positive electric field. This is reminiscent of the enhancement and retardation of crack growth behavior due to change in poling direction. Bifurcation characteristics are found to be somewhat erratic when r/a approaches the range 10(-2)-10(-1) where the kinetic energy densities would fluctuate and then rise as the distance from the moving crack is increased. This is an artifact introduced by the far away condition of non-vanishing particle velocity. A finite kinetic energy density prevails at infinity unless it is made to vanish in the boundary value problem. Future works are recommended to further clarify the physical mechanism(s) associated with bifurcation by means of analysis and experiment. Damage at the microscopic level needs to be addressed since it has been known to affect the macrocrack speeds and bifurcation characteristics. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

非均匀性对材料分叉的作用

利用数值方法研究材料空洞化和承受应力沿板厚分布的非均匀性对材料分叉(平板中平面剪切带和表面皱曲)的作用.

联合二能级气体激光器中空间烧孔被消除的条件

本文指出联合二能级气体激光器(包括流动的)空间烧孔被消除的条件是短程扩散时间远小于辐射寿命;当气体极其稀薄时,空间烧孔被消除的条件是短程自由运动时间远小于辐射寿命。并给出具体的判别公式。

A perturbational h4 exponential finite-difference scheme for the convective diffusion equation

A perturbational h4 compact exponential finite difference scheme with diagonally dominant coefficient matrix and upwind effect is developed for the convective diffusion equation. Perturbations of second order are exerted on the convective coefficients and source term of an h2 exponential finite difference scheme proposed in this paper based on a transformation to eliminate the upwind effect of the convective diffusion equation. Four numerical examples including one- to three-dimensional model equations of fluid flow and a problem of natural convective heat transfer are given to illustrate the excellent behavior of the present exponential schemes, the h4 accuracy of the perturbational scheme is verified using double precision arithmetic.

层／湍流等离子体射流的稳定性与三维特性的实验观测研究

采用普通照相和短时间曝光成像的ICCD照相技术，观测了低于大气压条件下产生的纯氩和氩-氢直流电弧等离子体射流的高温区的瞬时形貌及其变化，结合电弧弧根在阳极表面贴附行为的观测结果，对射流的稳定性与三维特性和弧根行为之间的关联进行了分析。结果表明，层流等离子体射流的高温区长度明显长于湍流射流情形，并且具有很好的轴对称性和时间稳定性；湍流射流的高温区瞬时形貌则表现出明显的三维特征；等离子体射流的三维特性与弧根在阳极表面的贴附行为没有直接的联系。

火箭剩余推进剂排放过程的分析与模拟

为了减少空间碎片的产生，星箭分离后，需要在轨排放火箭末级贮箱内的剩余推进剂．分析表明，排放条件下的推进剂射流进入太空后，立即失稳破碎为大量液滴；液滴在高真空环境下扩散，它们的表面不断有气体分子蒸发，逐渐在箭体周围形成了一个由液滴和蒸气分子组成的羽流场．采取Lagrange方法追踪该流场中每个液滴的运动轨迹以及表面蒸发冷凝过程，利用直接模拟Monte Carlo方法计算蒸气分子的运动和碰撞，然后通过微观量的统计平均获得感兴趣的宏观流场、箭体表面的压力和剪应力分布等．为了检验稀薄蒸气算法、模型和程序，模拟了真空水射流周围水蒸气羽流场，获得的径向Pitot压力分布与Fuchs和Legge的实验数据的符合．在此基础上，分别模拟了CZ-4B火箭末级剩余燃料偏二甲肼在不同排放方式下的三维稀薄蒸气与液滴羽流场．计算表明：原排放方式的扰动力矩相当大，超出了火箭姿控范围，新排放方式的扰动力矩很小，处于火箭姿控范围之内．这些预测得到了飞行遥测数据的支持．

液固脉冲流化床数值模拟和实验研究

对液固脉冲流化过程进行了数值模拟和实验研究。采用双流体模型和推广的Slis模型模拟了脉冲流化过程。比较了两种模型的联系与差异,得到脉冲流化过程中颗粒速度和浓度分布、压强分布和床高,以及它们随时间的变化,同时得到了脉冲流化过程中Slis波的传播规律。使用压力传感器测量了不同床高处压力随时间的变化,用数字摄像机记录了床面及颗粒浓度分布随时间的变化过程,与计算结果具有较好的一致性。