长白山北坡灌木阔叶红松林定位动态分析

灌木阔叶红松林做为长白山地区的主要地域性顶极群落，其相对稳定程度一直受到有关人士的关注。笔者通过其固定标准地长期观测资料的分析，探讨其中龄林阶段、近熟林阶段、以及从中龄林演替到近熟林过程中，该类型森林生态系统的动态规律。首先，在中龄林（建群种红松的优势木年龄约为170年）阶段的十年动态规律是：在林冠层中，立木总株数显著增多，其中槭树和椴树株数激增现象尤为明显。枯倒木树种有限（仅四种），且大、中、小径级枯倒木株数比为3:5:15，中、小径级枯倒木多为砸倒木。种群平均胸径除槭树、椴树和榆树出现负增长外，余者均有所增大。立木树冠相对高度变化不明显，红松立木大多仍处于被压冠状态。总生物量由305.40吨/公顷增343.04公顷，其中各种群生物量均有不同程度的增加。十年中，因枯倒木而使其总生物量损失了9.18吨/公顷。群落更新状况不良。十年中更新幼苗幼树的保存率极低，且总株数由4775株/公顷降至3700株/公顷。其中红松更新尤为恶化。群落中灌木和草本植被的生物量，无论是地上部分还是地下部分，均略有增大趋势。在其土壤层中，浅层的发生有机养分富积现象显著。其降水和气温变化状况为：降水和温度的林、内外年变化规律正相关性较强，且林内均低于林外。降水和气温的年代变化规律不明显。其次，在近熟林（建群种红松的优势木年龄约为260年阶段其林冠层九年动态规律为：活立木总株数增加稀少，红松、蒙古栎和榆树的株数均保持相对而言稳定。枯树木树种较多（仅蒙古栎未发生枯倒），且大、中、小径级枯倒木株数之比为8：4：8，其中风倒和病腐枯倒木所占比重较大。各种群平均胸径和平均冠幅均有所增大。红松树冠具有冲破上层阔叶树冠进入林冠层上层的趋势。总蓄积具增大趋势，种群蓄积除白桦外均有所增大。总生物量由342.64吨/公顷增至355.45吨/公顷，其中槭树、椴树和白桦的生物量受枯倒木的影响，出现负增长现象。最后，群落由中龄林演替至近熟林过程中的动态规律是：在林冠层，活立木总株数减少趋势显著，但种群按株数多少排序的结构变化不大。枯倒木的树种有增多趋势，且其平均胸径由25.13厘米升至31.69厘米。种群平均胸径和平均冠幅均有增大趋势。总蓄积量505.34立米米/公顷升至524.00立方米/公顷。总生物量由343.04吨/公顷增至355.45吨/公顷，其平均年增长量有明显的趋势。在演替层，立木种类和株数均有减少趋势，使得结构较简单的演替层更趋于简单化。在该层中，未发现建群种红松的存在。总生物量由2.64吨/公顷降至2.44吨/公顷。在更新层，更新状况由不良趋于恶化。幼苗树总株数由3846株/公顷降至2946株/公顷，其中红松更新株数所占比重趋于减少至零。在灌木层，灌木总株数由6125株/公顷降至5575株/公顷，其中大灌木株数增多，而小灌木株数减少。毛榛子于灌木层中株数所占比重最大，由33%升至42%。总生物量由2.85吨/公顷升至4.85吨/公顷。在草本层中，草本植被的种类，总株数和总盖度均有增多或增大的趋势。总生物量由0.77吨/公顷升至1.04吨/公顷。群落的总生物量由349.28吨/公顷升至363.78吨/公顷。在土壤层中，有机养分在浅层的发生层中富积现象较显著，且其浅层发生层的酸度有减弱至趋于中性的趋势。本文的动态分析不仅为该林型动态数学模型的建立和检验提供了更为可靠的依据，同时对于其经营措施的制定具有一定的科学价值。

科尔沁沙地69种植物种子重量比较研究

研究了科尔沁沙地 6 9种植物的繁殖体 (30种为种子 ,39种为果实 )重量。结果表明 :1 )传播体为果实的植物可分为 4个组别 (即果实单粒重 <0 .1mg、0 .1～ 0 .9999mg、1～ 9.9999mg、1 0～ 99.9999mg) ;黄蒿 (Artemisiasco paria)果实 (0 .0 5 1 7mg)和小香蒲 (Typhaminima)果实 (0 .0 6 82mg)最轻 ,苍耳 (Xanthiumsibiricum)单个果实 (77.894 3mg)最重 ;2 )传播体为种子的植物可分为 3个组别 (即种子单粒重 0 .1～ 0 .9999mg、1～ 9.9999mg、1 0～ 99.9999mg) ;马齿苋 (Portulacaoleracea)种子 (0 .1 5 1 4mg)最轻 ,苦参 (Sophoraflavescens)种子 (4 6 .781 6mg)最重 ;3)黄蒿、马齿苋、轮叶沙参 (Adenophoratetraphylla)、碱地肤 (Kochiasieversiana)、狼尾花 (Lysimachiabarystachys)、灰绿藜 (Chenopodiumglaucum)、刺沙蓬 (Salsolaruthenica)、菟丝子 (Cuscutachinensis)、大籽蒿 (Artemisiasieversiana)、狗尾草 (Setariaviridis)、野古草 (Arundinellahirta)等植物所以广泛分布可能是因为它们繁殖体轻 (<1mg)且具有持久土壤种子库 ;4 )流沙上的先锋植物或沙生演替系列前期植物沙蓬 (Agriphyllumsquarrosum)、差巴嘎蒿 (Artemisiahalodendron)、乌丹蒿 (Artemisiawudanica)、狗尾草、雾冰藜 (Bassia

Ni_(69.5)Al_(28)Y_(2.5)粉末的机械合金化

对 Ni6 9.5Al2 8Y2 .5粉末进行球磨 ,获得 Ni Al金属间化合物 .研究粉末结构与球磨时间的关系 ,探索以中间合金的形式加入稀土元素的机械合金化方法 .结果表明 ,加入稀土元素后 ,用机械合金化的方法可以生成新的金属间化合物.

Metabolic characteristics of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) during aestivation

Metabolic characteristics of the sea cucumber Aposticholpus japonicus (Selenka) during aestivation were studied in the laboratory. The effects of water temperature on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ammonia-N excretion rate (AER) in A. japonicus were determined by the Winkler and Hypobromite methods, respectively. Mature (large, 148.5 +/- 15.4 g, medium 69.3 +/- 6.9 g) and immature (small, 21.2 +/- 4.7 g) individuals aestivated at water temperatures of 20 and 25 degrees C, respectively. The metabolic characteristics of mature individuals were different from immature individuals during this period. The OCR of mature sea cucumbers peaked at 20 degrees C, and then dropped significantly at higher temperatures, whereas the OCR of the immature animals continued to increase slightly, even beyond the aestivation temperature. The AER of mature individuals peaked at 20 T, while that of the immature animals peaked at 25 degrees C. The relationships between dry weight (DW) and absolute oxygen consumption (R) and absolute ammonia-N excretion (N) could be described by the regression equation R or N=aW(b). With the exception of 15 degrees C, the O/N ratios (calculated in atomic equivalents) of large size sea cucumbers was close to 20 across the temperatures used in this study, indicating that their energy Source was a combination of lipid and protein. Oil the other hand, apart from small individuals maintained at 10 degrees C, the O/N ratios of the medium and small sea Cucumbers were close to 10, indicating that protein was their major energy source. The O/N ratios in all size groups remained unchanged after aestivation was initiated. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cloning and structure analysis of hydrogenase gene from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii SE

The cDNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii SE encoding hydrogenase (HydA2) was obtained from the total RNA of C reinhardtii SE by RT-PCR. The DNA of hydrogenase was amplified by PCR from the genomic DNA of C reinhardtii SE. The cDNA and DNA of hydrogenase were sequenced, respectively. The structure of hydrogenase gene was analyzed by biology software. The open reading frame predicts that the hydrogenase is composed of 3584 bp encoding 505 amino acids in length with a predicted M.W. of 53.69 kDa. Ten exons (including 1518 bp) and nine introns (including 2066 bp) have been found in the hydrogenase, and there were two potential N-glycosylate sites, eight protein kinase C phosphorylation site, eight casein kinase H phosphorylation site and one sulphorylation in the sequence. The theory pI was 6.15. Total number of negatively charged residues (Asp + Glu) and positively charged residues (Arg + Lys) were 55 and 61, respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Heat capacity and enthalpy of fusion of fenoxycarb

Fenoxycarb was synthesized and its heat capacities were precisely measured with an automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 79 to 360 K. The sample was observed to melt at (326.31 +/- 0.14) K. The molar enthalpy and entropy of fusion as well as the chemical purity of the compound were determined to be (26.98 +/- 0.04) kJ-mol(-1), (82.69 +/- 0.09) J-K-1-mol(-1) and 99.53% +/- 0.01%, respectively. The thermodynamic functions relative to the reference temperature (298.15 K) were calculated based on the heat capacity measurements in the temperature range between 80 and 360 K. The extrapolated melting temperature for the absolutely pure compound obtained from fractional melting experiments was (326.62 +/- 0.06) K. Further research on the melting process of this compound was carried out by means of differential scanning calorimetry technique. The result was in agreement with that obtained from the measurements of heat capacities.