模拟引潮力作用下岩石破坏前兆的实验研究 --加卸载响应比(LURR)理论和能量加速释放(AER)

大地震前加卸载响应比升高和能量加速释放这2种现象可以用来对地震进行中期预报.同时,加卸载响应比升高和能量加速释放有相同的物理机制.实验对于揭示地壳岩石的变形和破坏规律是非常重要的.在三轴应力条件下进行了岩石破坏声发射实验,声发射技术是研究岩石变形破坏微观机理的重要手段.为了模拟日月引潮力对地球的加载和卸载作用,在一常数加载率的轴向压力作用下,叠加上微小的正弦扰动,力求能够模拟地下岩石复杂的受力状态.实验过程中记录到大量的声发射信息,声发射记录包括声发射发生的时间、空间坐标和振幅,它能够反映岩石试件内部每一

Effect of dentin tubules on the mechanical properties of dentin - part III: Numerical, analysis

Imitating a real tooth and the periodontal supporting tissues, we have established a 2D finite element model and carried out a numerical analysis based on the inhomogeneous and anisotropic (IA) stress-strain relation and strength model of dentin proposed in the preceding Parts I and II, and the conventional homogeneous and isotropic (III) model, respectively. Quite a few cases of loadings for a non-defected and a defected tooth are considered. The numerical results show that the stress level predicted by the IA model is remarkably higher than that by the III model, revealing that the effect of the dentin tubules should be taken into a serious consideration from the viewpoint of biomechanics.

Kinking of an interface crack between 2 dissimilar anisotropic elastic solids

A detailed analysis of kinking of an interface crack between two dissimilar anisotropic elastic solids is presented in this paper. The branched crack is considered as a distributed dislocation. A set of the singular integral equations for the distribution function of the dislocation density is developed. Explicit formulas of the stress intensity factors and the energy release rates for the branched crack are given for orthotropic bimaterials and misoriented orthotropic bicrystals. The role of the stress parallel to the interface, sigma0 is taken into account in these formulas. The interface crack can advance either by continued extension along the interface or by kinking out of the interface into one of the adjoining materials. This competition depends on the ratio of the energy release rates for interface cracking and for kinking out of the interface and the ratio of interface toughness to substrate toughness. Throughout the paper, the influences of the inplane stress sigma0 on the stress intensity factors and the energy release rates for the branched crack, which can significantly alter the conditions for interface cracking, are emphasized.

A consistent model of isolated force-free magnetic arches

The magnetic flux tube concentrating strong magnetic field is the basic configuration of magneticfield in the solar atmosphere. In the present paper, the equilibrium of isolated magnetic flux tube inthe solar atmosphere is discussed. In the viewpoint of mathematics, the boundary condition is nonlinearand the position of boundary needs to be determined by the physical condition although the equation ofmagnetic potential is linear for the linear force-free field. Analytical solutions to the arches of bothuniform circular cross-section and non-uniform cross section have been obtained. The results show thatthe nonlinear problem may have or not have any solution according to different azimuthal components of the magnetic field; the number of solutions to the nonlinear problem is four at most, and two in some cases. In the present paper, the analytical solutions to the approximations of both fat and slender arches are given in detail, and the general features of magnetic arch structure are shown.

三维链网模型及其应用

基于质点间相互作用，按照质点间连线的取向统计材料的应变能，提出了材料的三维链网模型，论述了数值计算中的优化离散方式，并得到了相应的最优立体角取值。标定了模型的几何、物理参数。通过典型算例比较了三维链网模型与有限元方法及剪滞模型的预测结果，验证了三维链网模型具有与有限元同等水平的求解能力和计算精度。

2-氨基-6-乙氧基苯并噻唑类偶氮染料及其金属鏊合物的合成及光学热学性能研究

合成了2-（2-氨基-6-乙氧基苯并噻唑基偶氮）-5-（N,N-二乙基氨基）三氟甲基磺酰苯胺偶氮染料（EBTDATFS）及其与乙酸镍、乙酸钴、乙酸铜、乙酸锌等金属盐鏊合的金属鏊合物。通过红外光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱和MALDI质谱等对染料及其金属鏊合物进行了结构表征;使用旋涂方法在K9玻璃和抛光的单晶硅基片上制备薄膜;研究了镍金属鏊合物的热学性能;使用椭偏仪研究了Ni和Zn鏊合物的光学常数。结果表明：4种金属鏊合物薄膜最大吸收光谱为621-629nm,且长波边吸收峰陡峭;TGA-DSC测试结果表明镍金属鏊

Influences of CO2 laser annealing on mechanical and laser-induced damage properties of ZrO2 thin films

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) thin films were deposited on BK7 glass substrates by the electron beam evaporation method. A continuous wave CO2 laser was used to anneal the ZrO2 thin films to investigate whether beneficial changes could be produced. After annealing at different laser scanning speeds by CO2 laser, weak absorption of the coatings was measured by the surface thermal lensing (STL) technique, and then laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) was also determined. It was found that the weak absorption decreased first, while the laser scanning speed is below some value, then increased. The LIDT of the ZrO2 coatings decreased greatly when the laser scanning speeds were below some value. A Nomarski microscope was employed to map the damage morphology, and it was found that the damage behavior was defect-initiated both for annealed and as-deposited samples. The influences of post-deposition CO2 laser annealing on the structural and mechanical properties of the films have also been investigated by X-ray diffraction and ZYGO interferometer. It was found that the microstructure of the ZrO2 films did not change. The residual stress in ZrO2 films showed a tendency from tensile to compressive after CO, laser annealing, and the variation quantity of the residual stress increased with decreasing laser scanning speed. The residual stress may be mitigated to some extent at proper treatment parameters. (c) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

含铬或锰的新型固氮酶的纯化, 特性和结晶—棕色固氮菌突变种UW3中CrFe蛋白和MnFe蛋白的研究

以含MnSO4或Na2CrO4的无钼无氨的修改Burk’s培养基， 培养不能合成含钼固氮酶体系的棕色固氮菌 (Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann) 突变种UW3， 发现在一定浓度范围内， MnSO4或Na2CrO4的加入有助于促进其生长。 菌体生长和C2H2还原活性曲线测定结果表明， 这种促进作用很可能是通过Mn或Cr取代Mo， 参与组装固氮酶中心原子簇， 从而影响固氮活性而实现的。 利用阴离子交换 (DEAE-52和Q-Sepharose FF) 和凝胶过滤 (Sephacryl S-200) 柱层析从两种菌体中纯化得到固氮酶组分Ⅰ蛋白 (分别命名为MnFe蛋白和CrFe蛋白)， 并对其进行了特性研究。 厌氧天然聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (PAGE) 和SDS-PAGE结果显示， 两种蛋白均为两种亚基组成的四聚体。 亚基可以与OP MoFe蛋白抗体发生免疫反应， 分子量分别略小于野生种OP MoFe蛋白的α和β亚基。 CrFe蛋白的C2H2还原活性， Ar下放氢活性和固氮活性分别相当于OP MoFe蛋白的36%， 38%和43%， 而MnFe蛋白活性相当于OP MoFe蛋白的50%左右， 并且两种蛋白与OP MoFe蛋白具有相似的固氮电子利用率。 对两种蛋白金属含量的测定证实其中分别含有Mn和Cr， 但仍存在少量Mo污染。 与OP MoFe蛋白相比，这两种蛋白圆二色谱的摩尔椭圆率 ([θ]) 除在450nm较接近外，在可见光区的其它波长处均显著降低。 与DT还原OP MoFe蛋白相似， CrFe蛋白和MnFe蛋白具有g≈4。3、3。7和2。0的特征EPR信号， 但各处信号强度比例不同。 在对污染Mo可能引起的信号进行校正后，CrFe蛋白的三个信号强度分别相当于DT还原OP MoFe蛋白的20%， 0%和10%， 而MnFe蛋白则分别相当于112%， 49%和65%。 上述结果表明， CrFe蛋白和MnFe蛋白与OP MoFe蛋白金属原子簇的主要差异很可能在于FeMco (M=Cr， Mn或Mo)的M种类， 而P-cluster结构和组成均未见大的差异。 利用气相扩散悬滴法对MnFe蛋白和CrFe蛋白结晶条件进行了筛选和初步优化， 确定了以Tris/Hepes， NaCl， MgCl2和PEG 8000为主要变量的沉淀剂体系， 寻找各组分对于晶体生长的最适浓度。 以此为基础探讨了应用气相扩散坐滴法和液-液扩散法对两种蛋白结晶条件的优化。 在一定条件下， 两种蛋白分别通过液-液扩散法获得了优质大单晶。 对从CrFe蛋白和MnFe蛋白制备物中培养出的蛋白质晶体的SDS-PAGE鉴定显示， 晶体由与OP MoFe蛋白相似的两种亚基组成。 通过 “神舟三号” 飞船搭载实验探讨了空间微重力对于厌氧蛋白质结晶的影响， 结果表明， 微重力有助于避免孪晶形成， 并具有长期培养后获得适于进行X-射线衍射分析的优质大单晶的潜在前景。 结合空间科学使固氮酶结构与功能研究得以发展， 这项工作是有意义并且可行的。