国产I-4C型OBS在西南印度洋中脊的试验

以汕头市6区1县为研究区域,以2003年区域变更调整数据和2007年现状土地利用数

Crystal structures of EtEDTB center dot 1.4C(2)H(5)OH center dot 5H(2)O and H4EtEDTB(ClO4)(4)center dot C2H5OH (EtEDTB=N, N, N ', N '-tetrakis[2-(1-ethylbenzimidazolyl)methyl]-1,2-ethanediamine)

The crystal structures of EtEDTB.1.4C(2)H(5)OH.5H(2)O 1 and H4EtEDTB(ClO4)(4).C2H5OH 2 (EtEDTB = N, N,N',N'-tetrakis[2-(1-ethylbenzimidazolyl)methyl]-1,2-ethanediamine) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Compound 1 crystallizes in the space group P(1) over bar with a = 11.489(2), b = 11.866(3), c = 12.002(3) Angstrom, alpha = 97.47(2), beta = 114.564(13), gamma = 114.11(2)degrees, V = 1266.6(5) Angstrom(3), Z = 1, M-r = 847.48, D-c = 1.111 g/cm(3), F(000) = 456 and mu(MoKalpha) = 0.076 mm(-1). A total of 5207 reflections were measured for 1, of which 4323 were independent. The structure of 1 was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares technique to the final R = 0.0706 and wR = 0.1802 for 1318 observed reflections with I > 2sigma(I). In the structure of 1, centrosymmetric EtEDTB molecules are linked by hydrogen bonds through water and ethanol to form 2-dimensional network. Compound 2 crystallizes in the space group C2/c with a = 24.260(5), b = 13.040(3), c = 17.680(4) Angstrom, beta = 97.50(3)degrees, V = 5545.2(2) Angstrom(3), Z = 4, M-r = 1140.80, D-c = 1.366 g/cm(3), F(000) = 2384 and mu(MoKalpha) = 0.289 mm(-1).

电磁连铸中磁约束效应的数值模拟

以基于高频电磁场的方形冷坩埚电磁连铸(4C过程)作为研究对象，导出以感应电流作为未知量的描述弯月面形状的流体和电磁等各个压力平衡的无量纲方程组，发展了基于等参变换的连续曲面近似弯月的模拟方法，在此基础上定量考查感应器电流强度、电流频率、感应位置及坩埚分片数等对弯月面形状的影响。

三维轴对称旋转等离子体的平衡方程以及与静力学平衡的比拟

对于一般三维轴对称旋转等离子体的平衡,1983年E.Hameiri曾给出其方程,它包括一个Bernoulli型积分,和一个复杂的非线性偏微分方程。后者包含五个任意一元函数。本文在假定密度是角向磁通的函数后,把偏微分方程简化为: L(f)+a(f)+R~2b(f)+R~4c(f)=0 它仍然包含五个任意一元函数。这个方程可作为一种讨论三维轴对称旋转等离子体平衡的基础.如果c(f)=0,方程则化为Grad-Shafranov型方程.c(f)=0给出几个任意函数的一个关系。因此这时方程只包括四个任意一元函数。这样,我们就建立了有流动时的平衡与静力学平衡的比拟。对于纯环向旋转情形,1980年E.K.Maschke等曾给出其平衡方程,这是一个包含四个任意一元函数的非线性偏微分方程。本文未作任何假定,把它化为Grad-Shafranov方程,其中包括四个任意一元函数。从而也建立了纯环向旋转平衡与静力学平衡之间的比拟。如果再假定密度是磁通的函数,则可得到一个与上面方程类似的基本方程。

浙江嵊州早上新世植物群重建和古气候定量研究

上新世时期是地球环境发展变化过程中由温暖的中新世向冰期-间冰期交替出现的更新世的过渡时期，研究上新世的气候有助于研究现代全球气候变化趋势。我国上新世植物群研究不多，尤其缺乏早上新世植物群的研究。在研究化石植物群的过程中，叶角质层的信息通常被忽视。迄今，我国古气候的定量研究主要集中在山东山旺和云南地区，研究的主要是中新世和晚上新世的古气候，早上新世气候的定量研究国内外都未见报道。 本论文以采自浙江中部嵊州地区硅藻土中的植物叶和果实为材料，通过光学显微镜、荧光显微镜和扫描电镜观察，对提取的化石叶角质层和叶结构进行研究，对比研究现代相关类群植物的叶片，确定了化石植物类群计15科24属（或亚科）34种。同时参照现代植物分布，恢复了早上新世嵊州地区古植被情况，进一步运用共存分析（Co-existence Approch）定量重建了当时的古气候，得到古年均温、古年较差和古年降水量等7个参数。 研究表明，叶结构和叶角质层可以应用于化石植物类群的鉴定。光学显微镜和荧光显微镜下可以获得的信息有：气孔、表皮细胞形状及大小、表皮细胞垂周壁、分泌结构、表皮毛或毛基等。扫描电镜观察的是叶表皮细胞表面的情况，如细胞外壁是否被蜡质以及蜡质的交结情况，气孔外壁是否增厚呈环等。 经化石植物类群鉴定，早上新世（约4Ma）嵊州地区植被属亚热带常绿阔叶林。推测：该地区当时存在一个较大的湖泊，湖泊边缘水中生长有菱角，湖泊周边可能有海拔超过1400m的山地。 常绿阔叶林主要成分是壳斗科植物，其中青冈属植物可能是建群植物。自低海拔到高海拔地区都有分布的是：栎属、栗属、桤木属植物，青杨梅。低海拔地区（<600m）分布的植物有：海南锥，樟。中低海拔地区（300-1000m）分布着：柯属、黄杨属植物，水青冈，海南油丹，江南油杉，福建柏。中高海拔地区（>700m）分布有：高山栎、黄肉楠属植物，米心水青冈，榉树，建始槭，天台鹅耳枥和昌化鹅耳枥。除了上述类群，林中还散布着鼠李属、杜鹃花属和冬青属的植物，豆科崖豆藤属植物则缠绕一些较大乔木生长。另外，在一些土壤、有机质易堆积的洼地生长有竹林，山地贫瘠的地方生长着柏属植物。 嵊州早上新世化石植物群反映的植被同浙江地区现代植被相似。第三纪浙江地区从针叶林或阔叶树为主的针-阔叶混交林过渡到常绿-落叶阔叶林，再发展为常绿阔叶林。 依据23个植物类群分析获得7个古气候参数：年均温17.7-21.4°C，最热月均温22.2-27°C，最冷月均温8.4-13.4°C，年较差12.1-15.3°C，年降水量1136-1869.9mm，最大月降水量211.8-283.3mm，最小月降水量20.3-36.8mm。 对比现代嵊州地区气候参数，早上新世嵊州地区年降水量略高于现代，年均温比现代高1.3-5°C，年较差为12.1-15.3°C。早上新世期嵊州地区四季气温比现代平稳。

低温吸胀对大豆种子呼吸代谢影响的研究

大豆是重要的油料和蛋白植物。在生产实践中，在播种后达到早苗和齐苗是大豆丰收的前提。种子的吸胀冷害是农业生产的严重问题。吸胀冷害发生在种子开始吸水萌动的萌发初始阶段。吸胀冷害不仅发生在高寒地带和低温冷湿地区，尤其在我国东北地区，造成我国乃至全球大豆不同程度的减产。吸胀冷害的原初作用位点在生物膜上，本实验从呼吸代谢的角度研究吸胀冷害对种子活力的影响，探讨吸胀冷害的机制。 本实验选用由黑龙江省黑河农业科学院提供的对低温中度敏感的黑河13 号大豆种子为材料，分别经22°C、10°C 和4°C 恒温培养箱24 h 后，测定其生理指标，通过透射电镜观察细胞超微结构，利用蛋白质组技术研究低温吸胀与种子呼吸代谢的关系，得到的结果如下： 低温吸胀阻碍胚轴膜系统的修复。通过电解质渗漏率测定发现，4°C 到22°C 温度范围内，提高吸胀温度有助于保持细胞膜的完整性，显著降低吸胀后胚轴电解质渗漏。在低温下吸胀，胚轴活性氧清除酶的活性受到抑制，活性氧含量增加，增强了膜脂过氧化作用，进而导致种子活力下降。 通过透射电子显微镜观察，大豆种子在22°C 吸胀24 h 后，胚轴细胞液泡明显变大，在细胞中所占比例很高，并且细胞内膜系统比较发达，能清晰观察到细胞核，线粒体，质膜，内质网整齐有序的形状。胚轴的细胞含有其它结构正常的细胞器，包括细胞壁，胞间连丝，淀粉粒和油体等。线粒体的外膜、内膜、嵴发育较完善。10°C 和4°C 的吸胀严重损伤了胚轴中细胞器的修复，细胞膜不规则，没有发现内质网和胞间连丝，线粒体的体积较小以及膜系统不发达，尤其是4°C 吸胀的胚轴中细胞器的损伤更加严重，细胞膜系统紊乱。 低温吸胀抑制了线粒体从轻线粒体向重线粒体的修复，以及线粒体的耗氧能力。22°C 吸胀的线粒体的总体耗氧能力较高，电子传递主要是利用复合体I 的电子传递途径。10°C 吸胀的线粒体总体耗氧呼吸较低，且其线粒体的电子传递主要以复合体II 的途径。4°C 吸胀的线粒体的耗氧能力则更低。 将分离得到的线粒体进行的蛋白质组分析，共分离400 多个蛋白点，其中有20 个点有表达差异。经ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS 鉴定，六个下调的蛋白质分别为ATP 合成酶的亚基 (线粒体的氧化磷酸化)，线粒体延长因子Tu（线粒体基因组转录）， 苹果酸脱氢酶（三羧酸循环），精氨酸酶（尿素循环）和2 个线粒体chaperonin-60 （热稳定蛋白）。这些蛋白在低温吸胀时下调表达，影响了线粒体的正常生理代谢，说明它们在维持线粒体正常代谢中起到了重要的作用。 综上所述，低温吸胀影响了线粒体的结构和生理功能的修复，减少了能量和中间物质供应给种子萌发，造成了种子活力的下降。

Identification of an additional two-cysteine containing type I interferon in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss provides evidence of a major gene duplication event within this gene family in teleosts

Multiple type I interferons (IFNs) have recently been identified in salmonids, containing two or four conserved cysteines. In this work, a novel two-cysteine containing (2C) IFN gene was identified in rainbow trout. This novel trout IFN gene (termed IFN5) formed a phylogenetic group that is distinct from the other three salmonid IFN groups sequenced to date and had a close evolutionary relationship with IFNs from advanced fish species. Our data demonstrate that two subgroups are apparent within each of the 2C and 4C type I IFNs, an evolutionary outcome possibly due to two rounds of genome duplication events that have occurred within teleosts. We have examined gene expression of the trout 2C type I IFN in cultured cells following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, phytohaemagglutinin, polyI:C or recombinant IFN, or after transfection with polyI:C. The kinetics of gene expression was also studied after viral infection. Analysis of the regulatory elements in the IFN promoter region predicted several binding sites for key transcription factors that potentially play an important role in mediating IFN5 gene expression.

PH值、氯离子浓度和监酸浓度对于铁的腐蚀电化学行为的影响

本文研究了Armco铁在盐酸溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为，探讨了ψ~-离子和PH值对铁的阳极溶解过程的影响，并进而讨论了ψ~-离子浓度和PH值对铁的腐蚀电化学行为的影响之间是否存在交互效应。在本工作中，作者提出了两个新的研究方法：(a) 从单支弱极化曲线测定腐蚀电流和阴、阳极反应的Tafep斜率；(b)根据交流方波电流扰动的响应函数方程测定极化电阻Rp和界面电容C。设I_c、I_(2c)、I_(3c)及I_(4c)分别为对应于弱极化区内极化电位为ΔE、2ΔE、3ΔE和4ΔE的极化电流，且令a = I_(2c)/I_c, b = I_(3c)/I_c, c = I_(4c)/I_(2c), 而(4b-3a~2)~(1/2)、(3c-2b)~(1/2)、(2c-a~2)~(1/2)则以S_j表示之，则可得到：I_(corr) = I_c/S_j b_c = ΔE/lg((a+s_j)/2) b_a = -ΔE/lg((a-s_j)/2)为了方便，准确地求出动力学参数，可选用一系列的ΔE值，得出相应的极化电流I_λ，求出S_λ，应用统计方法处理数据，可得：I_(corr) = ∑ from i=1 to n I_λ/∑ from i=1 ton S_λ b_c = ∑ form λ to n ΔE_λ/∑ form i=1 to n lg ((a_λ+S_λ)/2) b_a = ∑ form i=1 ton ΔE_λ/∑ form i=1 to n lg ((a_λ-S_λ)/2)在线性极化区间内向腐蚀金属电极体系施加一交流方波电流扰动讯号时，通过Laplace变换分析，得到相应的响应函数方程为：E_1(t) = λ_o(R_s+R_p) - 2λ_oR_p (e~(-(τ-λ)/RpC))/(1+e~(λ/RpC)) (o<τ<λ) E_2(t) = -λ_o(R_s+R_p) + 2λ_oR_p (e~(-(τ-λ)/RpC))/(1+e~(λ/RpC)) (λ<τ<2λ)由此方程可知，它们在E～λ坐标系统中的轨迹为对称兴致勃勃原点的两条直线。由此方程可进一步得到:ΔE = 2λ_oR_p (e~(λ/RpC)-1)/(e~(λ/RpC)+1) = 2λ_oR_p t_(anh)(λ/(2RpC)) Δh = 2λ_o Rs式中ΔE为单支响应直线的长度，Δh则为两条直线最高点之间的距离。上述公式可进一步简化为：Rp =(ΔE)/(2λ_o) λ>>RpC (λ_o)/(ΔE) = C/λ + 1/(2Rp) λ<

离子束辐照对玉米诱变效应的初步研究

利用兰州重离子加速器提供的12C6+和36Ar18+离子束对玉米自交系郑58、鲁9801、金象4C-1、CSR24001、308和478进行辐照诱变育种试验,探讨了重离子辐照对玉米的诱变效应。结果显示,重离子辐照后种子出苗率和成苗率根据材料不同表现不一,浸泡后种子对辐照敏感性增加。辐照后M1代叶型变异较大;M2代植株经济性状发生变异较多,产生了许多有益的突变性状;M3代部分突变性状能够稳定遗传。由此可见,重离子束辐照育种有利于品种改良和种质创新,是玉米遗传改良的一种有效手段。

Seed-bank development, germination and early seedling survival of two seagrass species from The Netherlands: Zostera marina L. and Zostera noltii hornem

Flowering and seed-bank development of annual Zostera marina L. and perennial Z. noltii hornem. were studied in the Zandkreek (S.W. Netherlands). Flowering of Z. noltii started at the end of June and continued until the end of September. A maximum of ca. 1000 flowering shoots (11% of the total amount of shoots per square metre) occurred in early August. Flowering of Z. marina started at the end of July and continued throughout October. Seed banks of both species appeared to be annual. Actual seed densities of Z. noltii were much lower than predicted on the basis of the amount of inflorescences.Germination was studied in the laboratory in relation to temperature (10, 20 and 30°C), salinity (1.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0 and 40.0‰) and stratification (at 4°C). Both species showed a maximal germination at 30°C and 1.0‰ salinity, decreasing with higher salinities and lower temperatures. Stratification stimulated germination only at salinities 20.0‰. Desiccation and anaerobia were lethal to Z. marina seeds. Seedlings of Z. marina survived best at 10°C and 10.0–20.0‰ salinity and those of Z. noltii survived best at 10°C and 1.0‰ salinity. Overall, seedlings of Z. marina survived better than those of Z. noltii.

Ethylene polymerization, and the copolymerizations of ethylene with hexene or norbornene with highly active mono(beta-enaminoketonato) vanadium(III) catalysts

Five novel vanadium(III) complexes [PhN = C(R-2)CHC(R-1)O]VCl2(THF)(2) (4a: R-1 = Ph, R-2 = CF3; 4b: R-1 =t-Bu, R-2 = CF3; 4c: R-1 = CF3, R-2 = CH3; 4d: R-1 = Ph, R-2 = CH3; 4e: R-1 = Ph, R-2 = H) have been synthesized and characterized. On activation with Et2AlCl, all the complexes, in the presence of ethyl trichloroacetate (ETA) as a promoter, are highly active precatalysts for ethylene polymerization, and produce high molecular weight and linear polymers. Catalyst activities more than 16.8 kg PE/mmolv h bar and weight-average molecular weights higher than 173 kg/ mol were observed under mild conditions.

Synthesis and characterization of titanium complexes bearing two beta-enaminoketonato ligands with electron-withdrawing groups and their behavior in ethylene polymerization

A series of new titanium complexes with two asymmetric bidentate beta-enaminoketonato (N,O) ligands (4b-t), [RN=CCF3)CHC(t-BU)O](2)TiCl2 (4b, R = -C6H4F(o); 4c, R = -C6H4F(m);4d, R = -C6H4F(p); 4e, R = - C6H3F2(2,3); 4f, R = -C6H3F2(2,4); 4g, R = -C6H3F2(2,5); 4h, R = -C6H3F2(2,6); 4i, R = -C6H3F2(3,4); 4j, R = -C6H3F2(3,5); 4k, R = -C6H2F3(2,3,4); 4l, R = -C6H2F3(3,4,5); 4m, R = -C6H4CF3(o); 4n, R =-C6H4CF3(m); 4o, R = -C6H4CF3(p); 4p, R = -C6H4Cl(p); 4q, R = -C6H4I(p); 4r, R = -C6H4NO2(P); 4s, R = -CH2C6H5; 4t, R = -C6H11), have been synthesized and characterized.

Synthesis and property of a novel sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) with high selectivity for direct methanol fuel cell applications

Bisphenol monomer 4-carboxylphenyl hydroquinone (4C-PH) containing carboxyl groups was synthesized by diazotization reaction of p-aminobenzoic acid and 1,4-benzoquinone and subsequent reductive reaction. Copolymerization of bisphenol A, 4C-PH, sodium 5,5'-carbonylbis(2-fluorobenzene-sulfonate) and 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone at various molar ratios through aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction resulted in a new sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) containing pendant carboxyl groups (C-SPEEK). The structures of the monomer 4C-PH and copolymers were confirmed by FT-IR and H-1 NMR. Flexible and transparent membranes with sulfonic and carboxylic acid groups as the proton conducting sites were prepared. The dependence of ion-exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake, proton conductivity and methanol permeability on the degree of sulfonation has been studied.

Preparation and Characterization of Melt Grafting 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic Acid onto Pre-Irradiated Linear Low Density Polyethylene

Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was functionalized with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) by using -ray pre-irradiation in air in a twin-screw extruder. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) were used to characterize the formation of LLDPE-g-AMPS copolymers. The content of AMPS in LLDPE-g-AMPS was determined by using element analysis instrument. The effects of concentrations of monomer, reaction temperature and pre-irradiation dose on degree of grafting were investigated. The critical surface tension of LLDPE-g-AMPS was measured by using contact angle method. The influences of the degree of grafting on crystallization properties were studied by using DSC. Compared with neat LLDPE, the crystallization temperature increased about 4C, and crystallinity decreased with increasing degree of grafting. Crystallization rates of grafted LLDPE were faster than that of plain LLDPE at the same crystallization temperature.

Highly Active Neutral Nickel(II) Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization Bearing Modified,beta-Ketoiminato Ligands

A series of novel neutral nickel complexes 4a-e bearing modified beta-ketoiminato ligands [(2,6-(Pr2C6H3)-Pr-i)N=C(R-1)CHC(2 '-R2C6H4)O]Ni(Ph)(PPh3) (4a, R-1 R-2 = H; 4b, R-1 = H, R-2 = Ph; 4c, R-1 = H, R-2 = Naphth; 4d, R-1 = CH3, R-2 = Ph; 4e, R-1 = CF3, R-2 Ph) have been synthesized and characterized. Molecular structures of 4b and 4e were further confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Activated with B(C6F5)(3), all the complexes are active for the polymerization of ethylene to branched polyethylenes. Ligand structure, i.e., substituents R-1 and R-2, greatly influences not only catalytic activity but also the molecular weight and branch content of the polyethylene produced. The phenyl-substituted complex 4b exhibits the highest activity of lip to 145 kg PE/mol(Ni)center dot h center dot atm under optimized conditions, which is about 10 times more than unsubstituted complex 4a (14.0 kg PE/mol(Ni center dot)h center dot atm). Highly branched polyethylene with 103 branches per 1000 carbon atoms has been prepared using catalyst 4e.