Stress-strain fields and the effectiveness shear properties for three-phase composites with imperfect interface

Based on the 'average stress in the matrix' concept of Mori and Tanaka (:Mori, T., Tanaka, K., 1973. Average stress in matrix and average elastic energy of materials with misfitting inclusion. Acta Metall. 21, 571-580) a micromechanical model is presented for the prediction of the elastic fields in coated inclusion composites with imperfect interfaces. The solutions of the effective elastic moduli for this kind of composite are also obtained. In two kinds of composites with coated particulates and fibers, respectively, the interface imperfections are takes to the assumption that the interface displacement discontinues are linearly related to interface tractions like a spring layer of vanishing thickness. The resulting effective shear modulus for each material and the stress fields in the composite are presented under a transverse shear loading situation.

Shear deformation analysis on laser-induced reverse bulging and plugging

A new kind of failure mode is observed in circular brass foils in which their peripheries are fixed and their surfaces are subjected to a long pulsed laser over a central region. The failure is classified into three stages; they are referred to as thermal bulging, localized shear deformation and perforation by plugging. A distinct feature of the failure mode is that bulging and plugging occurred in the direction opposite to the incident laser beam. To study the failure mode, we investigate the non-linear response of heated, non-homogeneous circular plates. Based on the large deflection equations of Berger [J. Appl. Mech. 22 (3), 465-472 (1965)], Ohnabe and Mizuguchi [Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. 28 (4), 365-372 (1993)] and the parabolic shear deformation theory of Bhimaraddi and Stevens [J. Appl. Mech. 51 (1), 195-198 (1984)], we have derived new coupled governing equations of shear deformation and deflection. The new equations are solved, for the plate with a clamped edge, by the Galerkin and iterative methods. The numerical results for the shear deformation distribution are in good agreement with the experimental observation.

InAs0.3Sb0.7 films grown on (100) GaSb substrates with a buffer layer by liquid-phase epitaxy

The growth of InAsxSb1-x films on (100) GaSb substrates by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) has been investigated and epitaxial InAs0.3Sb0.7 films with InAs0.9Sb0.09 buffer layers have been successfully obtained. The low X-ray rocking curve FHWM values of InAs0.3Sb0.7 layer shows the high quality of crystal-orientation structure. Hall measurements show that the highest electron mobility in the samples obtained is 2.9 x 10(4) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and the carrier density is 2.78 x 10(16)cm(-3) at room temperature (RT). The In As0.3Sb0.7 films grown on (10 0) GaSb substrates exhibit excellent optical performance with a cut-off wavelength of 12 mu m. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

转动坐标系中三维跨声速欧拉流的有限体积-TVD格式

在非惯性转动坐标系中,本文采用贴体网格、有限体积法离散和修正数值通量技术,将Harten的一维TVD格式推广到三维。由于转动使方程出现源项,文中通过对源项的巧妙处理,使修改后的格式能用于非齐次双曲守恒律方程组高分辨率的数值计算。为了加速解的收敛,提高显式时间推进的CFL数,本文采用隐式残值光顺技术。三维跨声速带非齐次源项欧拉方程的典型算例表明:捕捉的激波分辨率较高;激波前后没有发现大的数值波动和伪振荡现象;所得的跨声速流场解与实验较接近。

克服“高超声障”的途径

在高超声速飞行条件下,流入冲压发动机燃烧室并降至低速的空气温度,随着飞行马赫数增加升得愈来愈高。燃料与高温空气混合燃烧释放的化学能将部分转化为解离能。这些解离能在长度受限的尾喷管中难以充分复合形成推力,使冲压发动机性能随飞行马赫数增大而急剧下降。导致冲压发动机不适应高超声速飞行器的推进要求。将此定名为“高超声障”。半个世纪以来,广泛采用“超声速燃烧”降低流入燃烧室的空气温度来克服这种障碍。虽已取得不少进展,然而关键性难点仍需继续攻克。为了多途径促进吸气推进高超声速飞行的实现,提出克服“高超声障”的另一种思路：保持现有冲压发动机吸气与燃烧方式,通过催化促进燃气解离组分在尾喷管膨胀过程中的复合,增大冲压发动机的推力,达到满足高超声速飞行器的推进要求。

钠离子与电子复合电离动力学的激波管研究

利用反射激波加热使试验气体电离,继之以强稀波快速冷却,构成一种新的激波管方法,并测定了在氩气氛中钠离子与电子三体复合速率系数。由于稀疏波冷却速度达10~6K/s,电离过程处于非平衡状态。选用氨基钠作为向实验体系中引入钠离子的源物质。用压电传感器和Langmuir静电探针分别监测反射激波后5区压力和离子浓度变化。稀疏波的冷却过程被视为绝热的。分析了探针工作状态,引入了探针鞘层内的弹性散射修正。测定了在800~2 600K温度范围内以惰性气体氩为碰撞第三体的钠离子与电子离复合速率系数k_r=3.43×10~(-14)T~(-3.77)cm~6s~(-1)。

微重力下薄燃料表面火焰传播的地面窄通道模拟

对微重力下薄燃料表面逆风火焰传播的地面窄通道模拟,进行了量纲分析,并通过火焰传播图像记录进行了实验验证.结果表明,减小实验段特征尺寸可以实现微重力燃烧的地面模拟.在各种氧气浓度条件下,竖直和水平窄通道内的火焰传播速度随气流速度的变化趋势完全不同,而且,水平窄通道可以有效限制自然对流,而竖直窄通道较难.当通道高度增大时,竖直和水平窄通道中,火焰传播速度和吹熄极限速度都不同程度地增大,这是热损失减小、火焰面遇见的气流速度减小以及自然对流速度增大3个因素的综合结果.对于水平窄通道, 1 cm是一个可以定性模拟微重力下自然对流的尺寸.对于竖直窄通道,则需要高度更小的窄通道来限制自然对流.

Fabrication of two-dimensional periodic nanostructures by two-beam interference of femtosecond pulses

Two-dimensional periodic nanostructures on ZnO crystal surface were fabricated by two-beam interference of 790 nm femtosecond laser. The long period is, as usually reported, determined by the interference pattern of two laser beams. Surprisingly, there is another short periodic nanostructures with periods of 220-270 nm embedding in the long periodic structures. We studied the periods, orientation, and the evolution of the short periodic nanostructures, and found them analogous to the self-organized nanostructures induced by single fs laser beam. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America.

Accurate determination of the absolute phase and temporal-pulse phase of few-cycle laser pulses

A Fourier analysis method is used to accurately determine not only the absolute phase but also the temporal-pulse phase of an isolated few-cycle (chirped) laser pulse. This method is independent of the pulse shape and can fully characterize the light wave even though only a few samples per optical cycle are available. It paves the way for investigating the absolute phase-dependent extreme nonlinear optics, and the evolutions of the absolute phase and the temporal-pulse phase of few-cycle laser pulses.

Mechanisms of Yb3+ sensitization to Tm3+ for blue upconversion luminescence in fluorophosphate glass

The sensitization mechanisms of Yb3+ to Tm3+ for the blue upconversion luminescence in fluorophosphate glass were studied. Two different mechanisms exist in the sensitization. One is the sequential sensitization that Tm3+ is excited from H-3(6) to (1)G(4) through absorbing three photons transferred from Yb3+ one by one. Another is the cooperative sensitization that two Yb3+ ions form a couple cluster firstly, and then the couple cluster Yb3+ ions transfer their energy to Tm3+ and excite it to (1)G(4). With the increment of the concentration of Yb3+ ions, the sequential sensitization becomes weak and the cooperative sensitization becomes intense, and the transformation trend of sensitization mechanism with the increment of Yb3+ concentration can be clarified by the introduction of Th3+ ions in the glass. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of Er3+-doped Na2O-WO3-TeO2 glass for ion-exchanged waveguide amplifiers and lasers

Er^(3+)-doped Na2O-WO3-TeO2 glass consistent with standard ion-exchange technology has been fabricated and characterized. The measured absorption and emission spectra of the glass were analyzed by the Judd-Ofelt and McCumber theories. The intensity parameters are Ω2 = 7.01

Two-photon excited red upconversion luminescence of thulium ions doped GeS2-In2S3-CsI glass

We report a novel phenomenon in GeS2-In2S3-CsI chalcohalide glass doped with Tm3+ ions. Under irradiation with an 808 nm laser diode, a bright red emission centered at 700 nm is observed for the first time in this glass. The log-log correlation between integrated emission intensity and pump power reveals that a two-photon absorption process is involved in the phenomenon, suggesting that the F-3(3,2) -> H-3(6) transition of Tm3+ ions is responsible for the appearance of the red emission. The results indicate that the indium (In) based chalcohalide glass containing Tm3+ ions is expected to find applications in visible lasers, high density optical storage and three-dimensional color displays. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.