岩石介质细观非均匀性对宏观破裂过程的影响

运用岩石破裂过程分析系统，研究了岩石介质非均匀性对宏观力学行为的影响。通过对均质度系数ｍ＝１.５的１０个样本破裂过程的模拟，发现样本的宏观力学行为在变形初期只有微弱的统计涨落，但在失稳阶段表现出显著的样本个性行为。对８种不同均质度系数的８０个样本破裂过程的模拟结果表明，岩石介质的非均匀性对岩样宏观强度和变形非线性行为有显著影响，而且也显著影响试样破裂模式。随着均质度系数的提高，宏观强度呈现指数规律

微重力科学进展

微重力科学是研究重力极大地减小的一种极端环境中的流体科学、材料科学、生物科 学和技术,以及物理学若干基础问题的新兴学科.近年来,由于地面研究的加强,空间实验 的增加以及实验定量化水平的提高,微重力研究取得了很好的进展.

晶体生长中的流体力学问题

流体力学与晶体生长有密切的关系.在晶体生长中,流体中的输运过程和流动的不稳定性对生成晶体的结构和质量有重要影响.本文概述了晶体生长中与流体力学有关的若干问题.首先对晶体生长的一些基本方法作了简介,然后对晶体生长中的流动现象及其与晶体缺陷的关系进行了讨论,最后提出了几种控制流动以改进晶体生长技术的可能途径.

A note on the heat-transfer to nonspherical particles from plasma

Heat transfer from plasma to a nonspherical partical in the free-molecular regime is studied in the present paper under thin plasma sheath condition. Analytical expressions for the floating potential charge and heat fluxes of an ellipsoid particle of revolution are derived and curves are given for key parameters for arbitrary plasma flow direction. On the basis of these results, an equivalent sphere with the same surface area as the nonspherical particle is suggested to be used for calculating the total heat flux of nonspherical particle in engineering application with acceptable accuracy. Furthermore, the effects of particle rotation, which occurs in most aerosol systems, on the heat transfer are also discussed.

Design and application of three-zone annular filters

We design three-zone annular filters to be applied to optical storage system. The designed filters extend the depth of focus and realize transverse superresolution simultaneously, which will improve the performance of optical storage system greatly. And we propose two feasible schemes to improve imaging resolution of three-dimensional imaging system. One scheme depends on a complex filter formed by cascading of a three-zone phase filter and a three-zone amplitude filter. The complex filter converge the optimized transverse superresolution and the optimized axial superresolution of two different filters onto a single filter. It can improve the three-dimensional imaging performances greatly. Another scheme depends on a single three-zone complex filter. We propose a three-zone complex filter with phase shift 0.8 pi, which presents bigger design margin, better imaging quality and stronger three-dimensional superresolution capability. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

初始啁啾对光纤中传播的飞秒光孤子的影响

采用分步傅里叶变换作为数值模拟的方法，以二阶飞秒光孤子和基态飞秒光孤子为例，讨论了初始啁啾对光纤中传播的飞秒光孤子的时域特征和频谱结构的影响，概括出如下的结论：初始啁啾通过影响飞秒光孤子谱线的红移，而对飞秒光孤子由拉曼效应引发的脉冲延迟产生较大影响，正的初始啁啾使脉冲延迟加剧，负的初始啁啾使脉冲延迟减小。

Effect of oxygen substitution by halide ions on structure, thermal stability and upconversion fluorescence in Er3(+)/Yb3(+)-codoped germanium-bismuth glasses

For the first time. effect of halide ions (F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-) introduction on structure, thermal stability, and upconversion fluorescence in Er3+/Yb3+-codoped oxide-halide germanium-bismuth glasses has been systematically investigated. The results show that halide ions modified germanium-bismuth glasses have lower maximum phonon energy and phonon density, worse thermal stability. longer measured lifetimes of I-4(l1/2) level, and stronger upconversion emission than germanium-bismuth glass. All these results indicate that halide ions play an important role in the formation of glass network, and have an important influence on the upconversion luminescence. The possible upconversion mechanisms of Er3+ ion are also evaluated. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Infrared-to-visible upconversion flurescence of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped bismuthate glasses

Er3+/Yb3+-codoped bismuthate glasses for developing potential upconversion lasers have been fabricated and characterized. The optimal Yb3+ doping content was investigated in the glasses with different Yb3+-Er3+ concentration ratios and the optimal Yb3+-Er3+ concentration ratio is 5:1. Under 975 nm excitation, intense green and red emissions centered at 525, 546 and 657 nm, corresponding to the transitions H-2(11/2) -> I-4(15/2), S-4(3/2) -> I-4(15/2) and F-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2), respectively, were observed at room temperature. The quadratic dependence of the 525, 546 and 657 nm emissions on excitation power indicates that a two-photon absorption process occurs under 975 nm excitation. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Novel lithium-barium-lead-bismuth glasses

New lithium-barium-lead-bismuth glasses with low OH- concentration have been obtained. The role of the different components in the glass formation has been explored from the thermal, density, and refractive index measurements. The T-g, T-x, and T-x-T-g values of these glasses are in the range of 358-400, 453-575, and 87-197 degreesC, respectively. The densities (p) and refractive indices of these glasses are mainly affected by Bi2O3 and PbO contents. A wide transmitting window from visible to infrared (IR) regions for some compositions of these glasses has been observed, which makes them appealing candidates for different optical applications such as upconverting phosphors, new laser materials, optical waveguides, and crystal-free fibre drawing. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and characterization of room-temperature ferromagnetism in Fe- and Ni-co-doped In2O3

Observation of room-temperature ferromagnetisin in Fe- and Ni-co-doped In2O3 samples (In0.9Fe0.1-xNix)(2)O-3 (0 <= x <= 0.1) prepared by citric acid sol-gel auto-igniting method is reported. All of the samples with intermediate x values are ferromagnetic at roomtemperature. The highest saturation magnetization (0.453 mu B/Fe + Ni ions) moment is reached in the sample with x = 0.04. The highest solubility of Fe and Ni ions in the In2O3 lattice is around 10 and 4 at%, respectively. The 10 at% Fe-doped sample is found to be weakly ferromagnetic, while the 10at% Ni-doped sample is paramagnetic. Extensive structure including Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), magnetic and magneto-transport including Hall effects studies on the samples indicate the observed ferromagnetism is intrinsic rather than from the secondary impurity phases. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PEFCSH 的建立及在基因组特异序列克隆上的应用

基因组特异序列是跟踪外源染色质、鉴定易位系的特异探针。本文介绍一种带反馈控制的PCR增效减法杂交（PEFCSH），证明可高效克隆基因组特异序列。 带PCR接头的黑麦DNA片段与固定化的小麦ssDNA杂交，同源的片段将被吸附。用PCR扩增吸附的DNA，可监测杂交液中与小麦同源的DNA，确定是否还要再杂交。5轮连续杂交后，杂交液中的DNA几乎全为黑麦特异DNA，纯化后，用PCR扩增到方便操作的数量。经检测，PEFCSH片段99%为黑麦基因组特异性序列，富集度超过230倍。 PEFCSH片段克隆后检测：插入片段在120bp～2000bp，峰值250bp左右;306个克隆中301个显黑麦特异性，表明了PEFCSH的高效性。Tomita等曾用普通减法杂交富集黑麦特异序列，所得克隆只有6.3%为黑麦特异。 与数据库对比，分离片段有的为新序列，更多的与已知的黑麦特异重复序列同源。用其中一条作探针进行Southern杂交，小麦不显带，黑麦显阶梯型带，说明它是特异性串联重复序列。 PEFCSH有如下特点：1. 实时监测杂交液中非特异DNA，首次引入反馈控制，确保杂交达到预期效果。2. 用PCR制备Tester只需少量样品就可以分离特异序列。3. 采用固相减法杂交，大大简化Test与Driver的分离。4. 用PCR克服常规减法杂交操作性差的弱点。5. 富集特异单链和双链DNA，减少特异序列丢失。6. 适用于大多数分离两组相关核酸中的差异成分。

水母雪莲毛状根培养及黄酮类化合物生物合成的调控

水母雪莲(Saussurea medusa Maxim)为菊科凤毛菊属植物,是名贵中药材,其主要活性成分为黄酮类化合物。为解决雪莲资源匮乏，本文开展了利用水母雪莲毛状根培养生产黄酮类活性成分的研究。 在1/2MS液体培养基上研究了不同理化因子对水母雪莲毛状根生长和黄酮类化合物生物合成的影响。实验结果表明:氮源总浓度（包括NH4+和NO3-）为30 mmol/L;NH4+/NO3-比例为5:25;2 %蔗糖和3 %葡萄糖组合;0.5 mg/L GA3和0.5 mg/L IBA;pH 5.8;18 h/d的光照（光强为3500 Lux）;24℃;摇床转速为100 rpm的条件有利于毛状根生长及黄酮类化合物的生物合成。在此培养条件下，经过21 d的培养毛状根生长量达到12.8 g/L（DW），黄酮类化合物合成量为1922 mg/L，即黄酮类化合物含量占毛状根干重的15 %，约为野生水母雪莲植株干重黄酮类化合物含量的25倍。 用MJ和SA两种诱导子分别处理水母雪莲的毛状根，适宜条件下它们均能使毛状根中黄酮类化合物的产量得到提高。实验发现，在水母雪莲毛状根培养过程中，MJ抑制其生长，但提高了黄酮类化合物在毛状根中的百分含量;SA降低了黄酮类化合物在毛状根中的百分含量，但促进其生长。诱导子的作用效果与诱导子的浓度和添加时间有关。在延迟期后期添加浓度为0.02 mmol/L的MJ时黄酮类化合物产量达到 849 mg/L，比对照（633 mg/L）提高34.1 %;在指数生长期中期添加浓度为0.03 mmol/L的SA时，黄酮类化合物产量达到968 mg/L，比对照（633 mg/L）提高52.9 %。在指数生长期前期同时添加浓度为0.02 mmol/L的MJ 和0.03 mmol/L的SA，黄酮类化合物的产量为1125 mg/L，比对照（633 mg/L）提高77.7 %。 另外采取热水、碱提取，乙醇沉淀获得水母雪莲毛状根多糖。进一步用α-萘酚—浓硫酸法进行定性、定量分析，测得水母雪莲毛状根中水溶性多糖与碱溶性多糖的含量分别为2.453 %和3.391 % 。