A Numerical Study for Turbulent Flow and Thermal Influence Over Inhomogenous Canopy of Roughness Elements

A large-eddy simulation with transitional structure function(TSF) subgrid model we previously proposed was performed to investigate the turbulent flow with thermal influence over an inhomogeneous canopy, which was represented as alternative large and small roughness elements. The aerodynamic and thermodynamic effects of the presence of a layer of large roughness elements were modelled by adding a drag term to the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and a heat source/sink term to the scalar equation, respectively. The layer of small roughness elements was simply treated using the method as described in paper (Moeng 1984, J. Atmos Sci. 41, 2052-2062) for homogeneous rough surface. The horizontally averaged statistics such as mean vertical profiles of wind velocity, air temperature, et al., are in reasonable agreement with Gao et al.(1989, Boundary layer meteorol. 47, 349-377) field observation (homogeneous canopy). Not surprisingly, the calculated instantaneous velocity and temperature fields show that the roughness elements considerably changed the turbulent structure within the canopy. The adjustment of the mean vertical profiles of velocity and temperature was studied, which was found qualitatively comparable with Belcher et al. (2003, J Fluid Mech. 488, 369-398)'s theoretical results. The urban heat island(UHI) was investigated imposing heat source in the region of large roughness elements. An elevated inversion layer, a phenomenon often observed in the urban area (Sang et al., J Wind Eng. Ind. Aesodyn. 87, 243-258)'s was successfully simulated above the canopy. The cool island(CI) was also investigated imposing heat sink to simply model the evaporation of plant canopy. An inversion layer was found very stable and robust within the canopy.

Effect of quasicrystalline phase on the deformation behavior of Zr62Al9.5Ni9.5Cu14Nb5 bulk metallic glass

Quasicrystalline phase with different volume fraction were formed by isothermally annealing the as-castZr(62)Al(9.5)Ni(9.5)Cu(14)Nb(5) bulk metallic glass at 723 K for different times. The effects of quasicrystals on the deformation behavior of the materials were studied by nanoindentation and compression test. It revealed that the alloys with homogeneous amorphous structure exhibit pronounced flow serrations during the nanoindentation loading, while no obvious flow serration is observed for the sample with quasicrystals more than 10 vol.%. However, further compression tests confirm that the no-serrated flows are formed due to different reasons. For annealed samples containing quasicrystals less than 35 vol.%, continuous plastic deformation occurs due to propagation of multiple shear bands. While the disappearance of serrated flow cannot be explained by the generation of multiple shear bands for samples containing quasicrystals more than 35 vol.%, which will fracture with a totally different fracture mode, namely, dimple fracture mode under loading instead of shear fracture mode. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.

激光激发-碰撞传能诱导的荧光的动力学

被多光子吸收所激发而处于高激发态的分子通过碰撞传能将原子激发至电子激发态,产生波长远较激励激光短的荧光.对这种激光激发-碰撞传能诱导的荧光的动力学进行了分析.

《煤炭的燃烧与应用》

<正> 这是“能源与燃烧科学进展”(PECS)杂志的一期特刊,由美国能源部煤炭燃烧与应用工作组(CCAWG)编辑。内容有一篇综述文章“发展中的燃煤技术”由14位学术界与工业界专家撰写,和一组关于燃煤应用中某些基本问题的文章及其讨论。这组文章是一次由CCAWG组织的讨论会的论文,计有下列几篇:

泥沙在动水中的沉淀运动(一)——圆球在流体中运动时所受的阻力

在河道动力学中,一般在讨论泥沙和水的相对速度时,都应用斯笃克斯公式。但是这样一个假定是没有经过严格证明的,它的正确性必须仔细地加以讨论。本文根据流体力学的基本理论讨论了一个小球在不均匀流场中运动时候的情况。在讨论的时候,我们引进了两个基本假定:(1)圆球直径和流场的线性尺度比较起来小得很多;(2)水和圆球的相对速度很小。有了这两个假定以后,我们就可以把运动方程式线性化,然后再利用拉普拉斯转换找出线性化以后的方程式的解。最后得到小球在非均匀流场中运动时所受到的阻力。

Concentration distribution in crystallization from solution under microgravity

Concentration distribution in crystallization from solution under microgravity is numerically studied. A quasi-steady state growth and dissolution in a 2D rectangular enclosure filled with sodium chlorate (NaClO3) aqueous solution, in which one wall is the growth surface of the crystal and the opposite one is the dissolution surface, is considered. The solute transport process at the growth surface is described by the diffusion-reaction theory with finite interface kinetics coefficient. The results show that the concentration at the growth surface is supersaturated and the supersaturation distribution is of non-uniformity, i.e. the supersaturation in a region facing an incoming flow is high. On the other hand, the non-uniformity of supersaturation at the growth surface is closely related to the gravity level even under microgravity, it exponentially increases as the thermal Rayleigh number on behalf of the gravity level rises.

关于吸气式高超声速推进技术研究的思考

回顾了吸气式高超声速推进技术的研究进展,分析了超燃冲压发动机研制面临的关键科学问题,并从不同角度探讨了增大超燃冲压发动机推力的可能方法.这些方法包括:能够降低总压损失的高超声速来流压缩方法、生成三维涡流的超声速混合增强技术、碳氢燃料的预热喷射、可以控制燃烧过程的燃烧室设计优化方法、通过减小发动机流道湿面积来降低摩擦阻力和催化复合解离的燃气降低高温气体效应.考虑到等压热力学循环的热效率,还建议研究在高超声速推进系统中应用热效率高的爆轰过程,并探讨了爆轰推进方法研究的进展与问题.吸气式高超声速推进技术是高超声速飞行器发展的关键技术,认真思考和探索其发展方向是非常必要的.

脉冲啁啾对于阿秒脉冲的影响

采用单电子近似和软核势模型，通过数值求解一维含时薛定谔方程，理论研究了当脉冲分别带有正、负啁啾的情况下所产生的阿秒脉冲，分析了不同脉冲啁啾特性对阿秒脉冲的强度和宽度的影响，研究结果表明，无论是正啁啾还是负啁啾，随着啁啾量的增加，都将使激光脉冲由产生单个阿秒脉冲趋向于产生阿秒脉冲链，正啁啾和负啁啾对于阿秒脉冲宽度的影响是不同的，负啁啾对于阿秒脉冲宽度影响很小，适当的负啁啾有利于缩小阿秒脉冲的宽度；而正啁啾脉冲产生的阿秒脉冲较无啁啾时展宽，且随着啁啾量的增加，其阿秒脉冲宽度迅速增大。

基于光栅成像投影的微位移检测方法

提出了一种基于光栅成像投影的微位移检测方法，利用光学傅里叶变换原理给出了具体的理论分析。准直激光束照明的光栅通过一个4f系统成像投影在被测物体表面上，光栅投影经过被测物体表面反射后由另一个4f系统成像在探测光栅上。探测光栅由一个透镜组成像在光电探测器上，其中采用由起偏器、光弹调制器和检偏器组成的偏振调制单元对探测光强进行调制。通过在4f系统的频谱面上设置滤波光阑，在光电探测器上获得了与被测物体的微位移成正弦关系的光强变化，检测出光电探测器上的光强变化即可以获得被测物体的位移量。实验验证了该检测方法的可行性

基于镜像焦面检测对准标记的套刻性能原位测量技术

套刻性能是现代高精度步进扫描投影光刻机的重要性能指标之一。提出了一种基于镜像焦面检测对准标记（简称“镜像焦面检测对准标记”）的光刻机套刻性能原位测量技术。该技术通过对曝光在硅片上的镜像焦面检测对准标记图形进行光学对准，利用标记图形对准位置与理想位置偏差实现套刻性能的原位检测。实验结果表明该技术在进行套刻误差的精确测量的同时还可以全面、定量地计算影响光刻机单机套刻误差的场内参量及场间参量。与目前套刻性能原位测量技术相比，该技术有效地避免了测量精度对轴向像质限制的依赖，简化了光刻机整机性能检测的过程。

连续可调纳秒脉冲LD驱动电源的研制

为了满足单模尾纤输出脉冲半导体激光器及其后级光放大的要求,研制了一种重频、脉宽及峰值电流均连续可调的纳秒脉冲驱动电源。该电源使用功率场效应管作为开关,通过分析其驱动特性,采用合适的栅极驱动电路,从而缩短了脉冲宽度,增加了带负载能力;同时电源中的保护电路采用自断电等保护措施,能有效保证LD的安全工作。实验结果表明,该驱动电源工作稳定,能满足单模尾纤输出脉冲LD重频、脉宽、峰值可调的要求。