Nanoindentation of thin-film-substrate system: Determination of film hardness and Young's modulus

In the present paper, the hardness and Young's modulus of film-substrate systems are determined by means of nanoindentation experiments and modified models. Aluminum film and two kinds of substrates; i.e. glass and silicon, are studied. Nanoindentation XP II and continuous stiffness mode are used during the experiments. In order to avoid the influence of the Oliver and Pharr method used in the experiments, the experiment data are analyzed with the constant Young's modulus assumption and the equal hardness assumption. The volume fraction model (CZ model) proposed by Fabes et al. (1992) is used and modified to analyze the measured hardness. The method proposed by Doerner and Nix (DN formula) (1986) is modified to analyze the measured Young's modulus. Two kinds of modified empirical formula are used to predict the present experiment results and those in the literature, which include the results of two kinds of systems, i.e., a soft film on a hard substrate and a hard film on a soft substrate. In the modified CZ model, the indentation influence angle, phi, is considered as a relevant physical parameter, which embodies the effects of the indenter tip radius, pile-up or sink-in phenomena and deformation of film and substrate.

关于热-塑剪切带的演变

本文简要地概述了对热塑剪切带的演变所进行的解析研究,其中包括不稳定性的发生,不稳定性发生后剪切带的发展,以及剪切带的晚期行为。所讨论的情况是,在温度和应变速率有关的材料中所发生的简单剪切变形,而且热传导在其中是不可忽略的。倘若没有热流流出试件,那么在某临界状态前,可以存在一个均匀的剪切变形场。而达到该临界状态时,扰动便会导致不稳定性的发生。这便可以是狭窄剪切带的形成。剪切带在其早期的非定常变形流动中,可能变狭,并伴随升温和应变速率提高。热传导对剪切带的作用是使其变宽。对剪切带的晚期行为的分析,表明其宽度是塑性功率和热扩散二者相互平衡的某种表现。包含热-塑剪切带的试件的观察支持了上述结果。分析还指出,剪切带中是可能出现熔化现象的,这也已在电镜观察中看到。

断裂力学中高阶权函数的计算

<正> 1.前言 权函数是由Bueckner首先提出来的,用它可以灵活方便地计算应力强度因子。后来Paris等用有限单元法计算了矩形裂纹体的权函数。1976年,王自强对权函数的力学意义作了分析研究,并得到了无限体中含中心裂纹,其线裂纹及圆弧裂纹的权函数。1981年,张晓堤计算了矩形裂纹板条在不同长度的边界裂纹情况下的权函数。1981年,

应用力学的50年变迁——兼评美国《应用力学杂志》创刊50周年特刊

<正> 1983年是美国机械工程协会主办的《应用力学杂志》(Journal of Applied Mechanics)创刊50周年。50年前,该刊编辑部登载了Timoshenko等人合写的一篇题为“应用力学的进展”的文章作为发刊词,该文仅涉及当时一般力学与经典连续介质力学若干领域的一些研究状况。50年后的今天,该刊编辑部继承了以往的传统,邀请37位专家(包括力学界的前辈与

A review of dynamic fracture mechanics in China

This paper summarizes the recent development of dynamic fracture in China. The review covers analytical and numerical results on elastodynamic crack fields in 3D and layered media; experimental and theoretical research on dynamic mechanical properties of rocks and advanced materials; transient effects on ideally plastic crack-tip fields when the inertia forces are not negligible.

Ti—55合金中的热塑剪切带

研究了三种不同处理的Ti-55合金在Hopkinson压杆高速冲击变形时产生的热塑剪切带。结果表明，三种不同处理的合金试样在不同应变率下出现两种类型的剪切带：形变剪切带和“白色”剪切带。它们是在不同应变阶段下形成的。对应“白色”剪切带有－应变突变。TEM观察未发现“白色‘剪切带内发生相变。孪生是该合金动态冲击时变形的重要方式。

结构破坏的尺度律

文中综述了结构破坏的尺度律和尺寸效应的研究进展，尤其将重点放在准脆性材料的分析上，因为它们的尺寸效应是重要和复杂的．在回顾了尺寸效应研究的悠远发展史以后。着重讨论了三种主要类型的尺寸效应，即由于强度随机性引起的统计尺寸效应、能量释放的尺寸效应和由于微裂纹或断裂的分形特性可能引起的尺寸效应．得出了这些理论应用的明确结论．之后讨论了如何运用已知的尺寸效应律来测量材料的断裂特性，并采用内聚裂纹模型（cohesivecrackmodel）、非局域化有限元模型和离散元模型等对尺寸效应进行模化．文中还进而分析了尺寸效应在压缩失效和车相关材料行为下的有关问题，并讨论了在断裂扩展区描述含微裂纹材料所需的损伤本构关系．最后也讨论了尺寸效应对准脆性材料的多种应用，这些材料包括，如混凝土、海冰、纤维复合材料、岩石和陶瓷等．本文包含了参考文献377篇．

Analytical Methods of Residual Strength in Injecting Water Pipeline

In this paper, common criterions about residual strength evaluation at home and abroad are generalized and seven methods are acquired, namely ASME-B31G, DM, Wes-2805-97, CVDA-84, Burdekin, Irwin and J integral methods. BP neural network are Combined with Genetic Algorithm (GA) named by modified BP-GA methods to successfully predict residual strength and critical pressure of injecting water, corrosion pipelines. Examples are shown that calculation results of every kind of method have great difference and calculating values of Wes-2805-97 criterion, ASME-B31G criterion, CVDA-84 criterion and Irwin fracture mechanics model are conservative and higher than, those of J integral methods while calculating values of Burdiken model and DM fracture mechanics model are dangerous and less than those of J integral methods and calculating values of modified BP-GA methods are close and moderate to those of J integral methods. Therefore modified BP-GA methods and J integral methods are considered better methods to calculate residual strength and critical pressure of injecting water corrosion pipelines

Rarefied gas dynamics: fundamentals, simulations and micro flows

有限尺寸光栅压缩器的优化设计

分析了超短超强激光系统中有限尺寸光栅压缩器设计的关键物理参数及约束条件,得到了压缩器优化的三项基本变量。给出了一种输出能量最大化的压缩器优化方法,进而确定了有限尺寸光栅压缩器的最大工作能力。针对传统的圆光束方案提出了改进的椭圆光束方案,增大了聚焦能量,减小了焦斑尺寸,提高了峰值聚焦功率密度。通过数值模拟对500 mm曝光口径介质膜光栅在圆光束和椭圆光束两种方案下的最大输出能力进行分析比较,指出单块光栅在椭圆光束方案下可以实现500 fs,500 J,1 PW的脉冲输出。

基于菲佐干涉仪与多通道光电倍增管阵列的多普勒频移检测技术

提出了基于菲佐干涉仪和多通道光电倍增管(PMT)阵列探测器组合的多普勒频移检测的方案, 适用于风速测量的直接探测多普勒激光雷达。首先介绍了工作原理, 再根据菲佐干涉仪光谱特征对频移检测用干涉仪进行了优化设计, 优化设计的菲佐干涉仪腔长150mm、平板反射率0.755。对提出的菲佐干涉仪和多通道光电倍增管阵列探测器组合的方案进行了数值模拟, 以分子散射作为背景噪声, 计算了该方法的风速测量误差。模拟结果表明, 设计的基于菲佐干涉仪的直接探测多普勒测风激光雷达, 在30 s的积分时间内、探测高度5 km以下,

Numerical and experimental analysis on green laser crystallization of amorphous silicon thin films

The effect of laser fluence on the crystallization of amorphous silicon irradiated by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser is studied both theoretically and experimentally. An effective numerical model is set up to predict the melting threshold and the optimized laser fluence for the crystallization of 200-nm-thick amorphous silicon. The variation of the temperature distribution with time and the melt depth is analyzed. Besides the model, the Raman spectra of thin films treated with different fluences are measured to confirm the phase transition and to determine the optimized fluence. The calculating results accord well with those obtained from the experimental data in this research. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.