Equivalent Model Of Expansion Of Cement Mortar Under Sulphate Erosion

The expansion property of cement mortar under the attack of sulfate ions is studied by experimental and theoretical methods. First, cement mortars are fabricated with the ratio of water to cement of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. Secondly, the expansion of specimen immerged in sulphate solution is measured at different times. Thirdly, a theoretical model of expansion of cement mortar under sulphate erosion is suggested by virtue of represent volume element method. In this model, the damage evolution due to the interaction between delayed ettringite and cement mortar is taken into account. Finally, the numerical calculation is performed. The numerical and experimental results indicate that the model perfectly describes the expansion of the cement mortar.

An Approximate Method For Calculation Of Fluid Force And Response Of A Circular Cylinder At Lock-In

In this paper, equations calculating lift force of a rigid circular cyclinder at lock-in uniform flow are deduced in detail. Besides, equations calculating the lift force on a long flexible circular cyclinder at lock-in are deduced based on mode analysis of a multi-degree freedom system. The simplified forms of these equations are also given. Furthermore, an approximate method to predict the forces and response of rigid circular cyclinders and long flexible circular cyclinders at lock-in is introduced in the case of low mass-damping ratio. A method to eliminate one deficiency of these equations is introduced. Comparison with experimental results show the effectiveness of this approximate method.

Surface Stress Induced By Adatoms Adsorption On Solid Surfaces

Based on the statistical thermodynamics theory, a theoretical model of adsorbate induced surface stress of adatoms adsorption on solid surface is presented. For the low coverage, the interaction between the adsorbed molecules is entirely negligible and the adsorption induced surface stress is found to be the function of the coverage and the adsorption energy change with strain. For the high coverage, the adsorbate-adsorbate interaction contributes to the adsorption-induced surface stress effectively. In the case of carbon adsorption on the Ni(100) surface, the value of 0.5 is obtained as a characteristic coverage to decide whether to take the interaction between the adsorabtes into consideration and the results also show that the adsorption induces a compressive surface stress.

Measurement Of Fracture Toughness And Interfacial Shear Strength Of Hard And Brittle Cr Coating On Ductile Steel Substrate

The fracture toughness and interfacial adhesion properties of a coating on its substrate are considered to be crucial intrinsic parameters determining performance and reliability of coating-substrate system. In this work, the fracture toughness and interfacial shear strength of a hard and brittle Cr coating on a normal medium carbon steel substrate were investigated by means of a tensile test. The normal medium carbon steel substrate electroplated with a hard and brittle Cr coating was quasi-statically stretched to induce an array of parallel cracks in the coating. An optical microscope was used to observe the cracking of the coating and the interfacial decohesion between the coating and the substrate during the loading. It was found that the cracking of the coating initiated at critical strain, and then the number of the cracks of the coating per unit axial distance increased with the increase in the tensile strain. At another critical strain, the number of the cracks of the coating became saturated, i.e. the number of cracks per unit axial distance became a constant after this critical strain. Based on the experiment result, the fracture toughness of the brittle coating can be determined using a mechanical model. Interestingly, even when the whole specimen fractured completely under an extreme strain of the substrate, the interfacial decohesion or buckling of the coating on its substrate was completely absent. The test result is different from that appeared in the literature though the identical test method and the brittle coating/ductile metal substrate system are taken. It was found that this difference can be attributed to an important mechanism that the Cr coating on the steel substrate has a good adhesion, and the ultimate interfacial shear strength between the Cr coating and the steel substrate has exceeded the maximum shear flow strength level of the steel substrate. This result also indicates that the maximum shear flow strength level of the ductile steel substrate can be only taken as a lower bound estimate on the ultimate shear strength of the interface. This estimation of the ultimate interfacial shear strength is consistent with the theoretical analysis and prediction presented in the literature.

The Characterization Of Creep And Time-Dependent Properties Of Bulk Metallic Glasses Using Nanoindentation

Viscoelastic deformation and creep behavior of La- and Ce-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with low glass transition temperature are investigated through nanoindentation at room temperature. Creep compliance and retardation spectra are derived to study the creep mechanism. The time-dependent displacement can be well described by a generalized Kelvin model. A modification is proposed to determine the elastic modulus from the generalized Kelvin model. The results are in excellent agreement with the elastic modulus determined by uniaxial compression tests. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Deformation Behavior Of Fe-Based Bulk Metallic Glass During Nanoindentation

Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) normally exhibit super high strength but significant brittleness at ambient temperature. Therefore, it is difficult to investigate the plastic deformation behavior and mechanism in these alloys through conventional tensile and compressive tests due to lack of distinct macroscopic plastic strain. In this work, the deformation behavior of Fe52Cr15Mo9Er3C15B6 BMG was investigated through instrumented nanoindentation and uniaxial compressive tests. The results show that serrated flow, the typical plastic deformation feature of BMGs, could not be found in as-cast and partially crystallized samples during nanoindentation. In addition, the deformation behavior and mechanical properties of the alloy are insensitive to the applied loading rate. The mechanism for the appearance of the peculiar deformation behavior in the Fe-based BMG is discussed in terms of the temporal and spatial characteristics of shear banding during nanoindentation.

Recurrence plot analysis of DNA sequences

Recurrence plot technique of DNA sequences is established on metric representation and employed to analyze correlation structure of nucleotide strings. It is found that, in the transference of nucleotide strings, a human DNA fragment has a major correlation distance, but a yeast chromosome's correlation distance has a constant increasing. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

爆炸法制备Sm_2Fe_(17)N_y永磁体

本文介绍了爆炸烧结Sm_2Fe_(17)N_7永磁体的试验及其结果.试验时,在外加磁场下把Sm_2Fe__(17)N_y磁粉取向压制成形后装人金属包套内并抽真空,炸药装在包套外的纸筒内,雷管引爆炸药后,在爆轰压力作用下,磁粉被压实而烧结成磁体。试验结束后,取出磁体测量密度及磁性参数。烧结磁体密度在理论密度6的85％～96％范围内,磁能积大于88 KJ?m~(-3)。它表明,爆炸烧结工艺是制备Sm_2Fe_(17)Ny永磁体的有效工艺。

地幔对流模拟实验

模拟实验是当前地幔对流研究中的一个重要手段,一个重要组成部分。本文着重介绍近年来关于地幔热对流模拟实验研究发展概况。从相似参数出发,讨论了实验装置,测试手段,并对实验结果和今后发展趋势作了评述。

烧蚀产物对空气辐射影响的实验研究

本文利用低密度激波管和辐射计,在不同的温度和密度状态下,就杂质辐射在分谱和累积辐射条件下对高温空气平衡辐射的影响进行的实验研究;给出了在不同条件下的实验结果,并做了简单分析。实验结果表明:少量杂质对高温空气平衡辐射的影响较大,这为计算尾流辐射场时,考虑杂质辐射的影响提供了实验依据。

有序熔楔和转捩

本文研究烧蚀表面上的一种尖楔状沟槽,简称熔楔。实验表明,熔楔是边界层转捩区的一种烧蚀现象;在蜂蜡和一些高温材料的球头上,熔楔排列有序,形成规则图象。在所实验的参数范围内,熔楔的条数保持在20条左右,不随来流马赫数、球头半径和烧蚀材料类型不同而改变。在分析研究熔楔内部结构和外流条件的基础上,本文提出熔楔形成机理和内外流动模型的设想,并对熔楔的形态、分布以及由它引导出菱形花纹等现象作了解释。

Free surface vibration in oscillatory convection of half floating zone

Projecting an orthographical grating mask (20pl/mm) on the surface of a small liquid bridge and receiving the reflected distortion image, one can calculate out reversely the shape of free surface of a liquid bridge. In this way we measured the surface shape of a small floating zone and the two-dimensional deformation of its vibration. The mechanism of thermocapillary oscillatory convection and the three-dimensional variation of the free surface are revealed experimentally. The principle for space experiment has been studied in our laboratory.

EQUIVALENT MODEL OF EXPANSION OF CEMENT MORTAR UNDER SULPHATE EROSION

The expansion property of cement mortar under the attack of sulfate ions is studied by experimental and theoretical methods. First, cement mortars are fabricated with the ratio of water to cement of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. Secondly, the expansion of specimen immerged in sulphate solution is measured at different times. Thirdly, a theoretical model of expansion of cement mortar under sulphate erosion is suggested by virtue of represent volume element method. In this model, the damage evolution due to the interaction between delayed ettringite and cement mortar is taken into account. Finally, the numerical calculation is performed. The numerical and experimental results indicate that the model perfectly describes the expansion of the cement mortar.