Novel Mechanical Behavior Of Zno Nanorods

A novel stress-strain relation with two stages of linear elastic deformation is observed in [0 0 0 1]-oriented ZnO nanorods under uniaxial tensile loading. This phenomenon results from a phase transformation from wurtzite (WZ, P6(3)mc space group) to a body-centered tetragonal structure with four-atom rings (denoted as BCT-4) belonging to the P4(2)/mnm space group. The analysis here focuses on the effects of nanorod size and temperature on the phase transformation and the associated mechanical behavior. It is found that as size is increased from 19.5 to 45.5 angstrom, the critical stress for nucleation of the transformation decreases by 25% from 21.90 to 16.50 GPa and the elastic moduli of the WZ- and BCT-4-structured nanorods decrease by 24% (from 299.49 to 227.51 GPa) and 38% (from 269.29 to 166.86 GPa), respectively. A significant temperature effect is also observed, with the critical stress for transformation initiation decreasing 87.8% from 17.89 to 2.19 GPa as temperature increases from 300 to 1500 K. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An Efficient Front-Tracking Method For Fully Nonlinear Interfacial Waves

A fully nonlinear and dispersive model within the framework of potential theory is developed for interfacial (2-layer) waves. To circumvent the difficulties arisen from the moving boundary problem a viable technique based on the mixed Eulerian and Lagrangian concept is proposed: the computing area is partitioned by a moving mesh system which adjusts its location vertically to conform to the shape of the moving boundaries but keeps frozen in the horizontal direction. Accordingly, a modified dynamic condition is required to properly compute the boundary potentials. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the current method, two important problems for the interfacial wave dynamics, the generation and evolution processes, are investigated. Firstly, analytical solutions for the interfacial wave generations by the interaction between the barotropic tide and topography are derived and compared favorably with the numerical results. Furthermore simulations are performed for the nonlinear interfacial wave evolutions at various water depth ratios and satisfactory agreement is achieved with the existing asymptotical theories. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Shallow Water Model On Cubed-Sphere By Multi-Moment Finite Volume Method

A global numerical model for shallow water flows on the cubed-sphere grid is proposed in this paper. The model is constructed by using the constrained interpolation profile/multi-moment finite volume method (CIP/MM FVM). Two kinds of moments, i.e. the point value (PV) and the volume-integrated average (VIA) are defined and independently updated in the present model by different numerical formulations. The Lax-Friedrichs upwind splitting is used to update the PV moment in terms of a derivative Riemann problem, and a finite volume formulation derived by integrating the governing equations over each mesh element is used to predict the VIA moment. The cubed-sphere grid is applied to get around the polar singularity and to obtain uniform grid spacing for a spherical geometry. Highly localized reconstruction in CIP/MM FVM is well suited for the cubed-sphere grid, especially in dealing with the discontinuity in the coordinates between different patches. The mass conservation is completely achieved over the whole globe. The numerical model has been verified by Williamson's standard test set for shallow water equation model on sphere. The results reveal that the present model is competitive to most existing ones. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

On properties of hyperchaos: Case study

Some properties of hyperchaos are exploited by studying both uncoupled and coupled CML. In addition to usual properties of chaotic strange attractors, there are other interesting properties, such as: the number of unstable periodic points embedded in the strange attractor increases dramatically increasing and a large number of low-dimensional chaotic invariant sets are contained in the strange attractor. These properties may be useful for regarding the edge of chaos as. the origin of complexity of dynamical systems.

电子束对LY12硬铝的损伤效应

对LY12硬铝受到电子束辐照时产生的热激波及材料的损伤破坏效应进行了理论计算,将计算值同实验结果进行比较,二者基本上是一致的。在研究中等能量沉积产生材料的破坏效应时,应适当考虑材料的熔化过程,所用的状态方程是GRAY三相状态方程,而在研究材料的损伤破坏时,我们修正了计及损伤效应的Bodner-Partom本构模型。

条形装药土中爆炸空腔发展过程的实验研究

本文通过X光摄影观察无限介质(土)中条形装药爆炸空腔发展的高速现象。得到了实验条件下的空腔发展规律,分析了空腔发展过程中一些重要现象。实验表明:空腔发展符合幂函数规律:空腔运动过程受装药的传爆特征、空腔长径比和裂缝出现时间的影响、空腔最终形状与起爆端位置无关。

微裂隙和花岗岩的抗拉强度

本文在对不同温度热处理的花岗岩试件的裂隙微观特征及宏观力学性质的考察之后,建立了抗拉强度与微裂隙密度的关系。在理论模型要求的范围内,理论与实验结果吻合较好。 该工作对设计储藏核废料,化学废料,热水和液化气的岩石仓库有参考价值。

布居数反转的非平衡流模拟计算——对流动激光器性能的研究

<正> Ⅰ.引言 40年代不可逆过程热力学已形成一个新的领域。60年代初对扩散、传热、导电、弛豫以及热电、电磁等不可逆过程的各种唯象处理已被综合为统一的体系——非平衡态热力学。由于热机、气体放电、热核聚变以及天体物理、地球物理等方面的研究和发展,流体力学与非平衡态物理学相结合而形成的非平衡流问题的研究已扩展到广泛的领域,流体力学与非平

海洋平台结构中的疲劳问题

<正> 近三十年来,人们将注意力逐渐转向海洋,因为人们认识到海洋不仅是海上交通和军事活动的重要场所,而且海洋还蕴藏着巨大的资源,包括数以千亿吨计的石油资源和矿物资源。世界上许多国家都投入大量的人力和物力进行大规模的海洋开发。70年代以来,海洋科学技术获得了迅速的发展,相信不久,人类将进入海洋开发的新时代。

Reissner型平板弯曲断裂问题分析

本文在Reissner型平板裂纹尖端位移场展开式基础上,采用高阶奇异元计算中厚板弯曲应力强度因子。本文在基本公式中考虑剪切变形影响,计算分析了有限尺寸板在不同厚度、不同宽度以及不同支承条件下应力强度因子及其变化,并对奇异元位移模式项数的选择、奇异元最佳尺寸的选取等问题进行了分析讨论。

A unified model for dislocation nucleation, dislocation emission and dislocation free zone

In this paper, a unified model for dislocation nucleation, emission and dislocation free zone is proposed based on the Peierls framework. Three regions are identified ahead of the crack tip. The emitted dislocations, located away from the crack tip in the form of an inverse pileup, define the plastic zone. Between that zone and the cohesive zone immediately ahead of the crack tip, there is a dislocation free zone. With the stress field and the dislocation density field in the cohesive zone and plastic zone being, respectively, expressed in the first and second Chebyshev polynomial series, and the opening and slip displacements in trigonometric series, a set of nonlinear algebraic equations can be obtained and solved with the Newton-Raphson Method. The results of calculations for pure shearing and combined tension and shear loading after dislocation emission are given in detail. An approximate treatment of the dynamic effects of the dislocation emission is also developed in this paper, and the calculation results are in good agreement with those of molecular dynamics simulations.

复合材料结构的力学性能

地震作用下大型升船机结构的时变动力可靠度

利用三维有限元方法对三峡升船机塔柱结构的动力学特性及随机地震响应进行了计算分析,结果表明塔柱结构柔度较大,其项部节点随机地震位移响应为中宽带过程.在此基础上,采用首次超越破坏机制,以塔柱结构顶部典型位置的位移限值为可靠度界限,对设计地震烈度下升船机塔柱结构的时变动力可靠度进行了计算分析,得到了塔柱结构设计基准期内的时变动力可靠度,并讨论了可靠度界限值的随机性对结构抗震时变可靠度计算结果的影响,建议升船机结构抗震可靠度计算模型采用Markov过程假定.该文可为升船机结构设计及安全运行提供必要的参考.

Time and space-resolved measurement of a gas-puff laser-plasma x-ray source

The dynamic interaction processes between a nano-second laser pulse and a gas-puff target, such as those of plasma formation, laser heating, and x-ray emission, have been investigated quantitatively. Time and space-resolved x-ray and optical measurement techniques were used in order to investigate time-resolved laser absorption and subsequent x-ray generation. Efficient absorption of the incident laser energy into the gas-puff target of 17%, 12%, 38%, and 91% for neon, argon, krypton, and xenon, respectively, was shown experimentally. It was found that the laser absorption starts and, simultaneously, soft x-ray emission occurs. The soft x-ray lasts much longer than the laser pulse due to the recombination. Temporal evolution of the soft x-ray emission region was analyzed by comparing the experimental results to the results of the model calculation, in which the laser light propagation through a gas-puff plasma was taken into account. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.