Y-chromosome evidence of southern origin of the East Asian - Specific haplogroup O3-M122

The prehistoric peopling of East Asia by modern humans remains controversial with respect to early population migrations. Here, we present a systematic sampling and genetic screening of an East Asian-specific Y-chromosome haplogroup (O3-M122) in 2,332 individuals from diverse East Asian populations. Our results indicate that the O3-M122 lineage is dominant in East Asian populations, with an average frequency of 44.3%. The microsatellite data show that the O3-M122 haplotypes in southern East Asia are more diverse than those in northern East Asia, suggesting a southern origin of the O3-M122 mutation. It was estimated that the early northward migration of the O3-M122 lineages in East Asia occurred similar to 25,000-30,000 years ago, consistent with the fossil records of modern humans in East Asia.

武汉东湖的轮虫

本文根据1973—1975、1979—1982年在武汉东湖进行的调查资料,并与1962—1963年他人的研究结果对比,总结了20年来,在东湖2个采样站上轮虫的种类演替和数量的变动。轮虫的种类明显地减少。Ⅰ站由1962—1963年的68种至1982年减为44种;Ⅱ站由56种减为49种。由原来Ⅰ站种类多于Ⅱ站演变为Ⅱ站多于Ⅰ站。轮虫的数量急剧增加。Ⅰ站轮虫的年平均值由1962—1963年的687个/升至1982年上升为3,555个/升;Ⅱ站由332个/升上升为1,538个/升。轮虫总数的变动曲线呈夏季和秋季二

High-quality GaNAs/GaAs quantum wells with light emission up to 1.44 mu m grown by molecular-beam epitaxy

High-quality GaNAs/GaAs quantum wells with high substitutional N concentrations, grown by molecular-beam epitaxy, are demonstrated using a reduced growth rate in a range of 0.125-1 mu m/h. No phase separation is observed and the GaNAs well thickness is limited by the critical thickness. Strong room-temperature photoluminescence with a record long wavelength of 1.44 mu m is obtained from an 18-nm-thick GaN0.06As0.94/GaAs quantum well. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics.

Passively Q-switched and mode-locked diode-pumped Nd : YVO4 laser with LT-GaAs output coupler

We have demonstrated an efficient and compact passively Q-switched and mode-locked (QML) 1064 nm Nd:YVO4 laser by using a low temperature grown GaAs (LT-GaAs) saturable absorber as well as an output coupler. Stable QML with envelope duration as short as 10 ns and Q-switched repetition rate of 36 kHz was obtained. It is the shortest envelope duration as far as we know, and it is so short that it can be used as Q-switching pulses directly. At 6.9 W of the incident pump power, average output power of 1.24 W was achieved and the corresponding peak power and energy of a single Q-switched pulse were 3.44 kW and 34.4 mu J, respectively. The mode-locked pulses inside the Q-switched pulse envelope had a repetition rate of 780 MHz. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

4×4热光SOI波导开关阵列

设计并制作了阻塞型和完全无阻塞型4×4热光SOI(silicon-on-insulator)波导开关阵列.开关单元采用了多模干涉耦合器(MMI)-MZI(Mach-Zehnder intederometer)结构的2×2光开关.阻塞型光开关附加损耗为4.8～5.4 dB,串扰为-21.8 dB～-14.5 dB.完全无阻塞型光开关阵列附加损耗为6.6～9.6 dB,串扰为-25.8～-16.8 dB.两者的消光比都在17～25 dB内变化,开关单元功耗小于230 mW.器件的开关时间小于3μs.功耗和开关速度都明显优于SiO_2基和聚合物基的开关阵列.

Design and Fabrication of Thermo-Optic 4×4 Switching Matrix in Silicon-on-Insulator

A rearrangeable nonblocking thermo-optic 4×4 switching matrix,which consists of five 2×2 multimode interference-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MMI-MZI) switch elements，is designed and fabricated.The minimum and maximum excess loss for the matrix are 6.6 and 10.4dB,respectively.The crosstalk in the matrix is measured to be between －12 and －19.8dB.The switching speed of the matrix is less than 30μs.The power consumption for the single switch element is about 330mW.

Heat capacity and enthalpy of fusion of penconazole (C13H15C12N3)

Low-temperature heat capacities of penconazole (C13H15Cl2N3) were precisely measured with an automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature rang from 78 to 364 K. The sample was observed to melt at 332.38 +/- 0.06 K. The molar enthalpy and entropy of fusion of the compound were determined to be 33580 +/- 11 J mol(-1), 101.03 +/- 0.02 J mol(-1) K-1, respectively. Further research of the melting process for this compound was carried out by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The result was in agreement with that obtained from the measurements of heat capacities. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Low-temperature heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of crystalline 2-chloro-5-trichloromethylpyridine

The low-temperature heat capacities of 2-chloro-5-trichloromethylpyridine were measured with a high-precision automated adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range from 80 K to 345 K. A solid-liquid phase transition was observed from 318.57 K to 327.44 K with peak temperature 324.67 K; the molar enthalpy and entropy of phase transition, DeltaH(m) and DeltaS(m), were determined to be 14.50 +/-0.02 kJ mol(-1) and 44.66 +/- 0.07 kJ K-1 mol(-1), respectively. The thermal stability was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The TG and DTG results reveal that 2-chloro-5-trichloromethylpyridine starts to lose mass at 332 K due to evaporation and completely changes into vapour at 483 K under the present experimental conditions.