Equivalent Model Of Expansion Of Cement Mortar Under Sulphate Erosion

The expansion property of cement mortar under the attack of sulfate ions is studied by experimental and theoretical methods. First, cement mortars are fabricated with the ratio of water to cement of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. Secondly, the expansion of specimen immerged in sulphate solution is measured at different times. Thirdly, a theoretical model of expansion of cement mortar under sulphate erosion is suggested by virtue of represent volume element method. In this model, the damage evolution due to the interaction between delayed ettringite and cement mortar is taken into account. Finally, the numerical calculation is performed. The numerical and experimental results indicate that the model perfectly describes the expansion of the cement mortar.

等离子体技术几个方面的研究进展

<正> 等离子体技术是近20年间发展起来的。它可以在很大的温度和压力范围内为不同的用途提供纯净热源气体或高温、低温反应工质,因而从一开始就引起科学家和工程师们对它的关心和兴趣。对它的研究进展很迅速,仅从1985年7月在荷兰召开的第7届国际等离子体化学会议(ISPC-7)来看,到会科学家587人,提出论文263篇,内容极其广泛,显示

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<正> 根据Lejeune-Dirichlet定理,力学系统处于静平衡情形的稳定的充要条件是系统的势能在平衡位置具有极小值。对于旋转的力学系统(机械系统或液体系统)就不象这样简单了。早在100年前Thomson和Tait就指出了旋转力学系统具有长期稳定性(secular stability)和动力稳定性(dynamiC stability)的重要差别。对于旋转液体星准稳演化过程到底按哪一种稳定性判断,是一个争论近百年的问题。在本世纪50年代以前,Thomson,Tait,Poincare,Liapounoff,Darwin,Teans和Lamb等,主张“长期稳定是真实的稳定”,“是天体演化学唯一感兴趣的稳定”。基于这种观点建立的Jeans-Darwin双星分裂理论曾

绕圆柱体跨声速流场

本文将保角曲线坐标方法应用于绕物体外部的跨声速流动.文中讨论了圆柱体跨声速绕流,计算了来流马赫数M_∞。为亚临界,超临界和M_∞为l的流场.给出了不同来流马赫数下柱面马赫数和压力分布,柱面前端中心流线上马赫数分布.给出了超临界绕流时不同来流马赫数下的声速线和来流马赫数M_∞从0.2,0.3到1的等马赫数线分布.本文部分结果与已有的理论结果进行了比较.本方法计算简单,精度好,是计算厚体跨声速绕流的有效方法,适用于不同形状的柱体和机翼的跨声速绕流.

Equilibrium of isolated magnetostatic flux structure

Two-dimensional magnetostatic models of flux structure confined in stratified atmosphere are discussed in the present paper. The magnetic field in the flux structure is assumed to be force-free at the first step. Numerical solutions for this nonlinear free boundary problem are obtained by finite element method. Results show clearly the relation between the inside fields and outside pressure, especially the influence of atmospheric pressure distribution on the flux structure.

Crack extension and kinking in laminates and bicrystals

Singular fields at the tip of an interface crack in anisotropic solids are reviewed with emphasis on establishing a framework to quantify fracture resistance under mixed mode conditions. The concepts of mode mixity and surface toughness are unified by using generalized interface traction components. The similarity between the anisotropic theory and existing isotropic theory is shown. Explicit formulae are given for misoriented orthotropic bimaterials with potential applications envisioned including composite laminates and semiconductor crystals. Competition between crack extension along the interface and kinking into the substrate is investigated using a boundary layer formulation. Several case studies reveal the role of anisotropy. An explicit complex variable representation for orthotropic materials and a solution to a dislocation interacting with a crack are presented in two self-contained Appendices.

The dynamic evolution of the kepler supernova remnant

been analyzed in detail. The effects ofm icroscopic energy transfer from

双模态过渡池沸腾实验研究

利用控制加热电压和加热面平均温度两种方法，实验研究了常压（0．1MPa）、室温（16℃）条件下除气后的R113在直径60μm细铂丝表面的池沸腾传热现象，观测了单相对流、核态沸腾、双模态过渡沸腾和膜态沸腾4种传热模式中的汽相分布及其传热特征，发现充分发展的核态沸腾传热曲线、膜态沸腾传热曲线及临界热流的数值分别与文献中常用关联式的预测一致，而核态沸腾和膜态沸腾共存的稳定双模态过渡沸腾曲线被一极小值点分为两个连续分支，邻近膜态沸腾的右支上热流与过热度成正比，而邻近核态沸腾的左支上热流则随过热度增长而下降，并且只出现在加热面平均温度受控的实验中．

水热法制备ZnO二维周期有序孔结构薄膜

在由溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米ZnO薄膜衬底上,以Zn(NO_3)_2·6H_2O和六亚甲基四胺(HMT)等摩尔浓度配制成前驱体溶液,在单层聚苯乙烯(PS)微球模板辅助下,采用水热法制备了具有规则多孔结构的ZnO薄膜.探讨了PS微球作为模板对ZnO纳米棒生长的限制作用以及柠檬酸钠在水热制备方法中对晶体生长的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征了水热反应后所得二维有序ZnO膜表面形貌和取向性,测量了ZnO薄膜的光致发光(PL)光谱并研究其相应机理.

压电类智能梁元的优化布局

分别对具有无限小长度驱动器的悬臂和简支智能梁的一阶模态和二阶模态进行了具体的分析和计算，确定了驱动器在梁元中的最优布局，总结了有关驱动器在梁元中布局的一些基本性质，并从解析的角度对驱动器的最优布局点给予解释。由于以上有关驱动器最优布局的分析是在忽略驱动器的长度的假设基础上进行的，所以又对有限长度的驱动器的布局问题进行了初步的探讨。

EQUIVALENT MODEL OF EXPANSION OF CEMENT MORTAR UNDER SULPHATE EROSION

The expansion property of cement mortar under the attack of sulfate ions is studied by experimental and theoretical methods. First, cement mortars are fabricated with the ratio of water to cement of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. Secondly, the expansion of specimen immerged in sulphate solution is measured at different times. Thirdly, a theoretical model of expansion of cement mortar under sulphate erosion is suggested by virtue of represent volume element method. In this model, the damage evolution due to the interaction between delayed ettringite and cement mortar is taken into account. Finally, the numerical calculation is performed. The numerical and experimental results indicate that the model perfectly describes the expansion of the cement mortar.

Dissipative particle dynamics simulation of wettability alternation phenomena in the chemical flooding process

Wettability alternation phenomena is considered one of the most important enhanced oil recovery (EOR) mechanisms in the chemical flooding process and induced by the adsorption of surfactant on the rock surface. These phenomena are studied by a mesoscopic method named as dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). Both the alteration phenomena of water-wet to oil-wet and that of oil-wet to water-wet are simulated based on reasonable definition of interaction parameters between beads. The wetting hysteresis phenomenon and the process of oil-drops detachment from rock surfaces with different wettability are simulated by adding long-range external forces on the fluid particles. The simulation results show that, the oil drop is liable to spread on the oil-wetting surface and move in the form of liquid film flow, whereas it is likely to move as a whole on the water-wetting surface. There are the same phenomena occuring in wettability-alternated cases. The results also show that DPD method provides a feasible approach to the problems of seepage flow with physicochemical phenomena and can be used to study the mechanism of EOR of chemical flooding.

利用石英晶体平凸透镜实现激光束的空间整形

基于石英晶体的旋光特性，我们提出利用石英晶体平凸透镜和偏振片来实现线偏振光的空间强度整形，通过控制入射光的偏振方向可以方便地改变输出激光的空间强度分布。