Effect of Cl- on the corrosive wear of AISI 321 stainless steel in H2SO4 solution

The effect of Cl- on the corrosive wear behaviour of AISI 321 stainless steel in H2SO4 solution was studied via the corrosive wear rate, the load bearing capacity of passive film and the relationship between pitting and corrosive wear. There is a critical load at natural potential, below which the corrosive wear rate is slightly lowered by Cl-, while above which is increased. At natural potential there are more pits at low load than that at a higher one in the wear tracks and the pits are also deeper. The load bearing capacity is lowered by Cl- at passive region and then the corrosive wear rate increased.

Stress corrosion cracking of AISI 321 stainless steel in acidic chloride solution

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of LambdaISI 321 stainless steel in acidic chloride solution was studied by slow strain rate (SSR) technique and fracture mechanics method. The fractured surface was characterized by cleavage fracture. In order to clarify the SCC mechanism, the effects of inhibitor KI on SCC behaviour were also included in this paper. A study showed that the inhibition effects of KI on SCC were mainly attributed to the anodic reaction of the corrosion process. The results of strain distribution in front of the crack tip of the fatigue pre-cracked plate specimens in air, in the blank solution (acidic chloride solution without inhibitor KI) and in the solution added with KI measured by speckle interferometry (SPI) support the unified mechanism of SCC and corrosion fatigue cracking (CFC).

Electron Beam Surface Treatment. Part II: Microstructure Evolution of Stainless Steel and Aluminum Alloy During Electron Beam Rapid Solidification

Surface rapid solidification microstructures of AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel and 2024 aluminum alloy have been investigated by electron beam remelting process and optical microscopy observation. It is indicated that the morphologies of the melted layer of both stainless steel and aluminum alloy change dramatically compared to the original materials. Also, the microstructures were greatly refined after the electron beam irradiation.

有限电导率的等离子体柱在径向外力作用下的不稳定性问题

从磁流体力学方程出发,討論了处于定态的等离子体柱的不稳定性問題。在等离子体是不可压縮的、电导率是有限的并且等离子体受到径向外力的作用等假定下,导出了相应的色散关系。針对Curzon等人的实驗数据进行的計算表明,磁粘性v_m对不稳定性增长率ω的影响很小,可以略去不計。Green和Niblett曾經提出过一个公式,这个公式夸大了v_m对ω的影响,得出的結果与实驗不符,所以是不对的。

基于压力波的人体脉搏波传播速度无创检测研究

脉搏波传播速度的变化往往是血管弹性程度发生变化的最早体征,因此脉搏波速度的检测对动脉硬化等疾病的诊断有较高的参考价值,其检测精度主要取决于波速参考点的提取算法.在分析实际采集的脉搏压力波信号特征的基础上,对波峰、波足等特征点进行了识别,并提出了一种根据脉搏波前沿内斜率最大值点的个数和位置确定惟一波速参考点的新算法.临床实验证明,新方法能够有效地提取脉搏波速度,有助于动脉血管弹性程度的辅助诊断.

微尺度气体流动

了解微尺度气体流动特点是微机电系统设计和优化的基础。有关的研究可以上溯到20世纪初Knudsen的平面槽道流动质量流量的测量和Millikan的小球阻力系数的测量，实验结果揭示了稀薄气体效应即尺度效应对气体运动的重要影响。由于流动特征长度很小，微尺度气流经常处到滑流区甚至过渡领域，流动的相似参数为Knudsen数和Mach数。因此可以考虑利用相似准则，通过增大几何尺寸、减小压力的途径，解决微机电系统实验观测遇到的困难。为解决直接模拟Monte Carlo方法分析微机电系统中低速稀薄气流遇到的统计涨落困难，我们提出了信息保存法（IP），该方法能够有效克服统计散布，并已成功用于多种微尺度气流。

气/液两相流动中的声速

国家自然科学基金

折线裂纹和两相材料界面的相互作用

利用螺位错基本解建立了和界面相交的折线裂纹的Cauchy型积分方程．根据奇异积分方程理论，得出了确定折线裂纹和界面交点处的奇性应力指数的特征方程，以及交点处各角形域内的奇性应力．利用所得的交点处的奇性应力定义了折线裂纹和界面交点处的应力强度因子．对所得积分方程进行数值求解，可得裂纹端点以及裂纹和界面交点处的应力强度因子．

Pressure Drop Studies of Gas-Liquid Bubbly Flow in Vertical Upward Pipeline

This paper describes the experimental and theoretical studies of gas-liquid bubbly flow in vertical upward pipeline carried out at Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Bubbly flow in a vertical pipe with a 3 m long and 5 cm inner diameter plexiglass pipe was experimentally investigated, and studies carried out on the relationship between superficial velocities of the liquid and gas phases and pressure gradient is described. The developed drift-flux model applied to gas-liquid bubbly flow is presented, and the results are compared against the experimental data measured by ours in air/water vertical pipes.

Temporal characteristic simulation for stimulated emission depletion microscopy

The imaging technology of stimulated emission depletion (STED) utilizes the nonlinearity relationship between the fluorescence saturation and the excited state stimulated depletion. It implements three-dimensional (3D) imaging and breaks the diffraction barrier of far-field light microscopy by restricting fluorescent molecules at a sub-diffraction spot. In order to improve the resolution which attained by this technology, the computer simulation on temporal behavior of population probabilities of the sample was made in this paper, and the optimized parameters such as intensity, duration and delay time of the STED pulse were given.

光轴方向任意时光折变晶体中体全息光栅的衍射性质

利用坐标旋转方法和Kogelnik耦合波理论，建立了光轴方向任意时单轴晶体中体光栅布拉格衍射的耦合波方程，分析了LiNbO3晶体的光轴方向对光折变体全息光栅的各向同性和各向异性布拉格衍射性质的影响。模拟计算表明，在给定光栅的结构参量时，通过适当选择光轴方向角可以使得光折变体光栅的各向同性和各向异性布拉格衍射的衍射效率达到最大，给出了相应类型的衍射效率取得最大值时晶体光轴的大致方向。这些理论分析为光折变体全息光学器件的优化设计和进一步广泛应用提供了很好的理论参考依据。

磷酸盐激光玻璃聚（CH3）2Si（OC2H5）2防潮膜

以（CH3）2Si（OC2H5）2为前驱体，采用溶胶-凝胶与有机合成相结合的方法，制得稳定性良好的涂膜液。采用旋转涂膜法在掺钕磷酸盐激光玻璃棒端面涂制防潮膜，膜层固化后透过率达96．5％，获得的膜层表面粗糙度优良，均方根表面粗糙度（RMS）为1．659nm，平均粗糙度（RA）平均为1．321nm；在激光波长1053nm，脉冲宽度1 ns条件下膜层的激光破坏闽值可达10～14 J／cm^2。经过“神光Ⅱ”高功率激光器物理实验运行，膜层使用期为五年，并且已经在我国“神光Ⅲ”原型装置上试用。