43 resultados para 28-270
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
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测量了27,28P和相应同中子异位素在28Si靶上的中能反应截面.测得N=12和13同中子异位素的反应截面在Z=15处突然增大.对Z≤14同中子异位素和28P的实验数据结果可以用改进的光学极限近似的Glauber理论很好地描述.28P的反应截面能够用扩大核芯以改进的Glauber理论来解释.但是,用改进光学极限和少体近似的Glauber理论却低估了27P的实验数据.理论分析表明,扩大的核芯加质子晕可能是响应27P+28Si反应截面增强的机制.
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Daily intake and accumulation of microcystins (MCYSTs, MCs) in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were investigated under lab conditions by feeding the fish exclusively with fresh toxic Microcystis bloom at a density of 6 x 10(9) algal cells L-1. The medial lethal dose (LD50) of microcystin-LR to silver carp was estimated to be 270 mu g kg(-1) body-weight, underlining its strong resistance to toxic Microcystis bloom. It can survive after being ingested with high doses of microcystins (about 10 mg kg(-1)) during the 28-days feeding experiment. Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay results show that microcystin concentrations in muscle and liver are 1.57 +/- 0.31 mu g kg(-1) and 4.28 +/- 1.64 mg kg(-1) fresh weight. The former is much lower than the World Health Organization limit recommended for human consumption. These results suggest that silver carps can be widely used in cyanobacterial bloom control, and consumption of fish muscles is safe for human beings.
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A flat, fully strain-relaxed Si0.72Ge0.28 thin film was grown on Si (1 0 0) substrate with a combination of thin low-temperature (LT) Ge and LT-Si0.72Ge0.28 buffer layers by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition. The strain relaxation ratio in the Si0.72Ge0.28 film was enhanced up to 99% with the assistance of three-dimensional Ge islands and point defects introduced in the layers, which furthermore facilitated an ultra-low threading dislocation density of 5 x 10(4) cm (2) for the top SiGe film. More interestingly, no cross-hatch pattern was observed on the SiGe surface and the surface root-mean-square roughness was less than 2 nm. The temperature for the growth of LT-Ge layer was optimized to be 300 degrees C. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Zn1-xMgxS-based Schottky barrier ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors were fabricated using the molecular-beam-epitaxy (MBE) technique. The influence of Mg content on MBE-grown Zn1-xMgxS-based UV photodetectors has been investigated in details with a variety of experimental techniques, including photoresponse (PR), capacitance-voltage, deep level transient Fourier spectroscopy (DLTFS) and photoluminescence (PL). The room-temperature PR results show that the abrupt long-wavelength cutoffs covering 325, 305 295. and 270 nm with Mg contents of 16%, 44%, 57%, and 75% in the Zn1-xMgxS active layers, respectively, were achieved. But the responsivity and the external quantum efficiency exhibited a slight decrease with the Mg content increasing. In good agreement with the PR results, both of the integrated intensity of the PL spectra obtained from Zn1-xMgxS thin films with different Mg compositions (x = 31% and 52%, respectively) and the DLTFS spectra obtained from Zn1-xMgxS-based (x = 5% and 45%, respectively) UV photodetector samples clearly revealed a significant concentration increase of the non-radiative deep traps with increasing Mg containing in the ZnMgS active layers. Our experimental results also indicate that the MBE-grown ZnMgS-based photodetectors can offer the promising characteristics for the detection of short-wavelength UV radiation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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于G批量导入至Hzhangdi
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于G批量导入至Hzhangdi
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利用金属型铸造制备了Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-xRE (x = 0~4, wt%,RE = Ce, Nd, Sm, Y和(CeLa)混合稀土)系列合金,研究了铸态合金的组织和力学性能。利用轧制和挤压技术对优化出的合金进行了变形加工处理,并研究了合金加工后的组织和力学性能。 对于铸态合金,稀土元素不仅可以细化合金的晶粒,而且形成不同类型的Al-RE化合物,含Ce的合金中生成Al11Ce3相,含Nd或Sm的合金中,主要生成Al11Nd3 (Al11Sm3)相和少量的Al2Nd (Al2Sm)相,含Y的合金中生成Al2Y相。另外,添加稀土可以改变Mg17Al12相的形貌,使其变得更加细小、弥散。添加适量的稀土可以明显提高铸态合金在室温和150℃下的力学性能,Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-1.5Ce, Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-2Nd和Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-2Sm合金在各自的体系中具有最佳的综合力学性能。合金力学性能提高的主要原因是细晶强化、Al-RE化合物第二相强化以及减弱Mg17Al12相对合金高温力学性能的不利影响。 对Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-(1.0, 1.5, 2.0)Ce,Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-2Nd,Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-1.5(CeLa)和Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-3Y合金在300-400℃下进行了热轧制或挤压变形,与铸态合金相比,轧制和挤压合金具有更高的力学性能。轧制合金的室温抗拉强度为290-340 MPa,较铸态合金提高约50%,屈服强度约为210-260 MPa,较铸态合金提高约2倍。挤压态合金的抗拉强度为260-270 MPa,屈服强度为160-190MPa,伸长率为20-22%;150℃的力学性能也得到了明显改善。 结合热力学计算、合金化元素之间的电负性差、化合物相的生成焓数据以及相图计算,阐述了稀土化合物相的生成机制,稀土元素与Al元素之间的电负性差大于其与Mg之间的电负性差,且Al-RE相的生成焓远低于Mg-RE和Mg-Al相的生成焓,因此在Mg-Al合金中加入RE后,RE优先与Al形成Al-RE化合物。从晶粒细化、化合物强化相的生成和演变、变形加工处理的位错交互作用等方面讨论了合金的强化机制,认为细晶强化、第二相强化及形变强化是提高合金力学性能的主要机制。
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于2010-11-23批量导入
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木材腐朽菌是生物多样性的重要组成部分,在森林生态系统中起着关键的降解还原作用;同时,木材腐朽菌还是重要的生物资源,与人类的生产与生活密切相关,具有重要的经济价值。因此,木腐菌一直是真菌研究的重点领域之一,然而过去对华东地区木腐菌的研究还非常薄弱,对华东地区木腐菌的种类和资源还缺乏清晰的认识。本文对华东地区不同森林生态类型中的木腐菌进行了广泛的调查采样,通过形态学、分子系统学和单孢融合交配实验,对华东地区的木腐菌多样性与资源进行了系统的研究,同时对具有重要经济意义和潜在应用价值的种类进行了菌种的分离保藏,并初步分析了华东地区木腐菌的区系特点。通过本论文的研究,提高了对华东地区木腐菌资源与多样性的认识,丰富了我国木材腐朽菌的种类,为控制林木病原菌、开发利用有益真菌资源提供了基本信息和科学依据。本论文的主要研究结论如下: 1.华东地区的木腐菌有3目13科92属270种,其中真菌新种6个,分别是:铁杉集毛孔菌Coltricia tsugicola Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui,香榧嗜蓝孢孔菌Fomitiporia torreyae Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui,拟囊状体大孔菌Megasporoporia cystidiolophora B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai,菌索多年卧孔菌Perenniporia rhizomorpha B.K. Cui, Y.C. Dai & Decock,微小硬孔菌Rigidoporus minutus B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai,浅黄芮氏孔菌Wrightoporia luteola B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai;中国新记录种9个,分别是:紫多孢孔菌Abundisporus violaceus (Wakef.) Ryvarden,卡玛蜡孔菌Ceriporia camaresiana (Bourdot & Galzin) Bondartsev & Singer,撕裂蜡孔菌Ceriporia lacerata N. Maek., Suhara & R. Kondo,塔斯马尼亚集毛孔菌Coltriciella tasmanica (Cleland & Rodway) D.A. Reid,瑞克纤孔菌Inonotus rickii (Pat.) D.A. Reid,骨质多年卧孔菌Perenniporia minutissima (Yasuda) T. Hatt. & Ryvarden,灰硬孔菌Rigidoporus cinereus Núñez & Ryvarden,凹形栓孔菌Trametes ectypus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Gilb. & Ryvarden,变形干酪菌Tyromyces transformatus Núñez & Ryvarden。 2.利用分子系统学方法,确定了一些通过形态学研究难以鉴定或容易混淆的种类的分类地位,并对嗜蓝孢孔菌属、彩孔菌属和多年卧孔菌属进行了系统发育分析,发现木腐菌新种3个:Fomitiporia sp.、Hapalopilus sp. 和Perenniporia sp.。 3.华东地区的异担子菌为岛生异担子菌,并且存在两个生物种:T生物种和Y生物种。T生物种为腐生菌,Y生物种为兼性腐生菌,华东地区不存在多年异担子菌这一严重的森林病原菌。 4.华东地区的木腐菌种类丰富,组成复杂多样。优势科为多孔菌科,其次为锈革孔菌科,这两科的种类构成了华东地区木腐菌类区系的主体;优势属主要有多年卧孔菌属、多孔菌属、针层孔菌属和泊氏孔菌属。 4.华东地区木腐菌科的地理成分分为3类:热带亚热带成分,北温带成分和世界广布成分,以世界广布成分为主。属的地理成分分为5类:世界广布属,北温带分布属,热带–亚热带分布属,东亚–北美分布属,大洋洲–北温带分布属,以世界广布属和北温带分布属为主。种的地理成分分为8类:世界广布种,北温带分布成分,泛热带分布成分,亚–欧共有成分,东亚–北美共有成分,东亚–澳大利亚共有成分,东亚成分,中国特有种,以北温带分布种和世界广布种为主。 5.华东地区木腐菌的各主要区系成分均有分布,以世界广布成分和北温带成分为主,表现出明显的北温带性质,可能起源于北半球,华东地区木腐菌类的区系地理成分与其所处的地理位置、气候特点与植物区系的组成密切相关。此外,华东地区的中国特有种类也较为丰富,说明了华东地区木腐菌类的区系具有一定的独特性,也在一定程度上反映了华东地区生态环境条件的特殊性,而木腐菌的生长与环境条件和寄主树木种类有很大的关系。 6.华东地区的木腐菌资源非常丰富,林木病原菌有36种,其中新发现的病原菌有3种;野生的食用木腐菌有11种,野生的药用木腐菌64种,工业用木腐菌有28种。对其中的一种重要经济真菌——黄白多年卧孔菌进行了分离培养,找出了最佳生长条件:最适生长温度为25℃左右,相对最适pH值为5.5,相对最好的碳源为可溶性淀粉和葡萄糖,相对最好的氮源为酵母汁。