Size Effect and Geometrical Effect of Polycrystals and Thin Film/Substrate System in Micro-indentation Test

Micro-indentation test at scales on the order of sub-micron has shown that the measured hardness increases strongly with decreasing indent depth or indent size, which is frequently referred to as the size effect. Simultaneously, at micron or sub-micron scale, the material microstructure size also has an important influence on the measured hardness. This kind of effect, such as the crystal grain size effect, thin film thickness effect, etc., is called the geometrical effect by here. In the present research, in order to investigate the size effect and the geometrical effect, the micro-indentation experiments are carried out respectively for single crystal copper and aluminum, for polycrystal aluminum, as well as for a thin film/substrate system, Ti/Si3N4. The size effect and geometrical effect are displayed experimentally. Moreover, using strain gradient plasticity theory, the size effect and the geometrical effect are simulated. Through comparing experimental results with simulation results, length-scale parameter appearing in the strain gradient theory for different cases is predicted. Furthermore, the size effect and the geometrical effect are interpreted using the geometrically necessary dislocation concept and the discrete dislocation theory. Member Price: $0; Non-Member Price: $25.00

Md Simulation Of Dislocation Mobility During Cutting With Diamond Tip On Silicon

By means of Tersoff and Morse potentials, a three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulation is performed to study atomic force microscopy cutting on silicon monocrystal surface. The interatomic forces between the workpiece and the pin tool and the atoms of workpiece themselves are simulated. Two partial edge dislocations are introduced into workpiece Si, it is found that the motion of dislocations does not occur during the atomic force microscopy cutting processing. Simulation results show that the shear stress acting on dislocations is far below the yield strength of Si. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Microstructure Study Of Laser Welding Cast Nickel-Based Superalloy K418

Experiments of laser welding cast nickel-based superalloy K418 were conducted. Microstructure of the welded seam was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Mechanical properties of the welded seam were evaluated by microhardness. The corresponding mechanisms were discussed in detail. Results show that the laser welded seam have non-equilibrium solidified microstructures consisting of Cr-Ni-Fe-C austenite solid solution dendrites as the dominant and some fine and dispersed Ni-3(Al,Ti) gamma' phase as well as little amount of MC needle carbides and particles enriched in Nb, Ti and Mo distributed in the interdendritic regions, cracks originated from the liquation of the low melting points eutectics in the HAZ grain boundary are observed, the average microhardness of the welded seam and HAZ is higher than that of the base metal due to alloy elements' redistribution of the strengthening phase gamma'. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Micromechanics analysis on evolution of crack in viscoelastic materials

A preliminary analysis on crack evolution in viscoelastic materials was presented. Based on the equivalent inclusion concept of micro-mechanics theory, the explicit expressions of crack opening displacement delta and energy release rate G were derived, indicating that both delta and G are increasing with time. The equivalent modulus of the viscoelastic solid comprising cracks was evaluated. It is proved that the decrease of the modulus comes from two mechanisms: one is the viscoelasticity of the material; the other is the crack opening which is getting larger with time.

瓦斯煤尘爆炸火焰温度的测定

用自己研制的红外高温辐射计,在一端开口的直径200cm、长2900cm的大型地面模拟爆炸试验管道上,在不同的条件下(瓦斯-空气,瓦斯-空气-煤尘),对瓦斯煤尘爆炸火焰的光谱特性进行了测量。根据测量的波长λ=4.346μm的绝对辐射强度和我们选择的物理模型,获得了不同状态下瓦斯煤尘爆炸火焰的温度。

测量土、岩石介质中的动态应力用的压电式应力计

本文介绍一种压电式应力计,它的主要性能是:测量量程为10-1000kgf/cm~2;响应时间小于7μs;线性误差小于士1％;综合应力测量误差小于±10％,该应力计可用于测量土、岩石和混凝土介质中的动态应力,也可用于测量动态力和流体介质中的动态压力。

方形管道中湍流水流某些特征的激光多普勒法测量及其与圆形管道的对比

用激光多普勒测速法测量了雷诺数从4.76×10~3到4.76×10~4的矩形管道中的湍流水流。其结果与相同雷诺数时的圆形管道的流动就某些流动特征进行了对比。引人注目的是,在矩形管道内速度分布更“平坦”,且随雷诺数的增加而强烈地趋向更加均匀,湍流强度也比圆管流动的大得多。在横截面的中线上,对四种不同雷诺数所得的速度分布数据与普适的湍流速度外部定律有较好的符合。为了保持湍流的功率谱以及减小频带加宽,在测量仪器方面使用了某些技术。由Berman和Dunning所给出的有关速度梯度加宽的效应的式子也从本测量中得到了实验数据的支持。

星系磁场和星系激波演化的一种模式

本文求解了二维不定常磁流体力学方程组,从而讨论星系磁场和星系激波的起源和演化过程。初始均匀的磁场将缠卷而在星系盘中形成螺旋形的结构,其中磁场和星际气体是冻结在一起的。分析了星际磁场对形成星系激波的影响。由于磁场不是很强,它对星系激波的影响不是非常强。

高功率脉冲染料激光振荡-放大器

报道一种用倍频Nd:YAG激光纵向泵浦、双棱镜一维扩束的染料激光系统,经过二级放大,输出总效率达31%.当泵浦光为40 mJ时,得到12.2mJ、 2MW,线宽为0.18(?)的可调谐染料激光输出,重复率可达10次/秒.

使用任意非正交曲线坐标解变截面圆轴扭转问题的数值计算

<正> 1.基本方程及其数值求解由于讨论的是轴对称问题,因此取柱坐标系中的θ坐标为任意曲线坐标系(q~1,q~2,q~3)中的q~2坐标,在轴纵剖面Z—R平面上取任意非正交曲线坐标q~3和q~1,则变截面圆轴扭转问题以无量纲应力函数ψ表达的求解方程为:

An experimental-study of the bending behavior of call hybrid composites

The bending behavior and damage characteristics of CALL (Carbon fiber/epoxy/AL Laminate) hybrid composites have been studied by moire interferometry. The shear strain distribution along the cross-section and the forms of damage of bending beams are obtained. The results show that the magnitude of the shear strain in a carbon/epoxy layer is obviously larger than that in a corresponding aluminum layer and the shear strain distribution of a CFRP layer along the cross-section conforms basically to a parabolic distribution curve, as for the shear strain distribution in aluminum layers along the cross-section. Shear damage, either in the interfaces or in carbon-fiber/epoxy laminae, and tensile failure of CFRP laminae in the tension surface represent, respectively, the damage forms of the longitudinal and transverse bending specimen.

Phase relaxation model for 2-phase flows

A phase relaxation model (PRM) for 2-phase flows is presented in this paper on the basis of three principal assumptions. The basic equations for PRM arc derived from the Boltzmann equations for gas-partlcle mixture, The general characteristics and solving process of the PRM's basic equations are also presented and discussed. Many terms in the PRM's basic equations contain a factor ε= ρgρp/ρg+ρp2 which is an intrinsic small parameter for 2-phase mixture, with ρg and ρp being respectively the densities of gas and particle phases.This makes it possible to simplify the computation of the PRM's basic equations. The model is applied to for example, studying file steady propagation of shock waves in gas-particle mixture. The analysis shows that with an increase of shock wave strength the relaxation process behind a gasdynamics shock front becomes a kind of dynamics relaxation instead of the standard exponential relaxation process. A method of determining experimentally the velocity and tem...更多perature relaxation rates (or times) of gas-particle flows is suggested and analyzed.