DPIV系统在河工模型试验中的应用研究

根据河工模型流场测量的特点建立了一套DPIV系统，可以对近千平方米区域内的流体表面流场进行快速测量，并且根据河工模型中示踪粒子分布的特点，提出了DPIV速度计算的改进算法，提高了速度计算的效率，达到了对河工模型流场的实时测量和记录的要求。

Simultaneous three-photon-excited violet upconversion luminescence of Ce3+: Lu2Si2O7 single crystals by femtosecond laser irradiation

We found that Ce3+:Lu2Si2O7 single crystals could be excited at 800 nm by using a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. The emission spectra of Ce3+:Lu2Si2O7 crystals were the same for one-photon excitation at 267 nm as for excitation at 800 nm. The emission intensity of Ce3+: Lu2Si2O7 crystals was found to depend on the cube of the laser power at 800 nm, consistent with simultaneous absorption of three 800 nm photons. The measured value of the three-photon absorption cross section is sigma'(3) = 2.44 x 10(-77) cm(6) s(2). (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

Paternal genetic affinity between western Austronesians and Daic populations

Background: Austronesian is a linguistic family spread in most areas of the Southeast Asia, the Pacific Ocean, and the Indian Ocean. Based on their linguistic similarity, this linguistic family included Malayo-Polynesians and Taiwan aborigines. The lingui

Genetic variation of fish parasite populations in historically connected habitats: undetected habitat fragmentation effect on populations of the nematode Procamallanus fulvidraconis in the catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

Habitat fragmentation may have some significant effects on population genetic structure because geographic distance and physical barriers may impede gene flow between populations. In this study, we investigated whether recent habitat fragmentation affected genetic structure and diversity of populations of the nematode Procamallanus fulvidraconis in the yellowhead catfish, Pelteobagrus fin't4draco. The nematode was collected from 12 localities in 7 floodplain lakes of the Yangtze River. Using I I intersirnple sequence repeat markers, analysis of molecular variance showed that genetic diversity occurred mainly within populations (70.26%). Expected heterozygosity (He) of P. fulvidraconis was barely different between connected (0.2105) and unconnected lakes (0.2083). Population subdivision (Fst) between connected lakes (0.2177) was higher than in unconnected lakes (0. 1676). However, the connected and unconnected lakes did not Cluster into 2 clades. A Mantel test revealed significant positive correlation between genetic and geographic distances (R = 0.5335, P < 0.01). These results suggest that habitat fragmentation did not cause genetic differentiation among populations or a reduction of diversity in isolated populations of P. fulvidraconis. At least 2 factors may increase the dispersal range of the nematode, i.e., flash flooding in summer and other species of fish that may serve as the definitive hosts. Moreover, lake fragmentation is probably a recent process; population size of the nematode in these lakes is large enough to maintain Population structure.

An inducible CO2 concentrating mechanism in cyanobacterium Anabaena sp strain PCC7120

In order to define its characteristics of the photosynthetic utilization of CO2 and HCO3- when the ambient inorganic carbon changed, HCG (High-CO2-Growing Cells) of cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120 were prepared. The growth rate of HCG was higher than that of LCG (low-CO2-growing cells, i.e. air-growing cells). When the HCG cells were transferred from 5% CO2 to air levels of CO2 , a series of changes took place: its carbonic anhydrase activity as well as its photosynthetic affinity to the external inorganic carbon significantly increased; the number of the carboxysomes, which is one of the most important components of CCM in cyanobacteria also increased. These facts indicated that the CCM activity of Anabaena PCC 7120 was induced. When the pH in the medium increased from 6 to 9, the photosynthetic affinity to external inorganic carbon of both HCG and LCG declined, while the apparent photosynthetic affinity to external CO2 increased. In the light of these findings, this inducible CCM in cyanobacteria provided a good model for the study of the photosynthetic Ci utilization in the phototrophic microoganisms.

NUSH分组密码的线性密码分析

NUSH是NESSIE公布的17个候选分组密码之一.对不同分组长度和密钥规模的NUSH进行了线性密码分析,每一种攻击的复杂度δ由它所需的数据复杂度ε和处理复杂度η组成,记为δ=(ε,η).对于分组长度为64 bit的NUSH,当密钥为128 bit时,3种攻击的复杂度分别为(258,2124)、(260,278)和(262,255);当密钥为192 bit时,3种攻击的复杂度分别为(258,2157)、(260,296)和(262,258);当密钥为256 bit时,3种攻击的复杂度分别为(258,2125)、(260,278)和(262,253).对于分组长度为128 bit的NUSH,当密钥为128bit时,3种攻击的复杂度分别为(2122,295)、(2124,257)和(2126,252);当密钥为192 bit时,3种攻击的复杂度分别为(2122,2142)、(2124,275)和(2126,258);当密钥为256 bit时,3种攻击的复杂度分别为(2122,2168)、(1224,281)和(2126,264).对于分组长度为256 bit的NUSH,当密钥为128 bit时,两种攻击的复杂度分别为(2252,2122)和(2254,2119);当密钥为192 bit时,两种攻击的复杂度分别为(2252,2181)和(2254,2177);当密钥为256 bit时,两种攻击的复杂度分别为(2252,2240)和(2254,2219).这些结果显示NUSH对线性密码分析是不免疫的,而且密钥规模的增大不能保证安全性的提高.

InGaAsP/InGaP/AlGaAs大光学腔量子阱激光器的优化

本文对808nm InGaAsP/InGaP/AlGaAs材料的大光学腔结构激光器进行了理论优化.为确保激光器是单横模激射,我们使用传递矩阵的方法,分别计算了限制层和欧姆接触层厚度对TE2和TE0模式损耗的影响,对上下限制层和欧姆接触层的厚度进行了优化,其优化后的厚度分别为0.8,0.6和0.11μm.高折射率的欧姆接触层被低折射率的限制层和金属层包围形成了无源的次级波导,泄漏波在次级波导中形成了寄生模式.欧姆接触层厚度对模式损耗的影响是周期性的,当欧姆接触层厚度为该模式的λ1/4时发生第一次共振,发生共振的间隔为其垂直注入的泄漏波波长λ1的一半.

HIRFL-CSR频谱现象:中心频率突变分析研究

HIRFL-CSR调试过程中,利用频谱分析仪实时监测束流,根据其上测的数据进行相关参数调整,改善束流的品质。本文对分析仪上观测到的现象—束流的中心频率发生突变进行了研究,主要就电子束的高压不稳定性和中性化因子的突变做了理论分析,并进行了相关的模拟计算,根据模拟结果初步断定该现象的出现由电子束的中性化因子导致。

Drivers of soil net nitrogen mineralization in the temperate grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China

Soil net nitrogen mineralization (NNM) of four grasslands across the elevation and precipitation gradients was studied in situ in the upper 0-10 cm soil layer using the resin-core technique in Xilin River basin, Inner Mongolia, China during the growing season of 2006. The primary objectives were to examine variations of NNM among grassland types and the main influencing factors. These grasslands included Stipa baicalensis (SB), Aneulolepidum Chinense (AC), Stipa grandis (SG), and Stipa krylovii (SK) grassland. The results showed that the seasonal variation patterns of NNM were similar among the four grasslands, the rates of NNM and nitrification were highest from June to August, and lowest in September and October during the growing season. The rates of NNM and nitrification were affected significantly by the incubation time, and they were positively correlated with soil organic carbon content, total soil nitrogen (TN) content, soil temperature, and soil water content, but the rates of NNM and nitrification were negatively correlated with available N, and weakly correlated with soil pH and C:N ratio. The sequences of the daily mean rates of NNM and nitrification in the four grasslands during the growing season were AC > SG > SB > SK, and TN content maybe the main affecting factors which can be attributed to the land use type.

Sensitive determination of Cd and Pb by differential pulse stripping voltammetry with in situ bismuth-modified zeolite doped carbon paste electrodes

Here we investigated the analytical performances of the bismuth-modified zeolite doped carbon paste electrode (BiF-ZDCPE) for trace Cd and Pb analysis. The characteristics of bismuth-modified electrodes were improved greatly via addition of synthetic zeolite into carbon paste. To obtain high reproducibility and sensitivity, optimum experimental conditions for bismuth deposition Were Studied.

The antioxidant activity of 2-(4(or 2)-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-di-sulfanimide)-chitosan

Chitosan (CS) with two different molecular weights was modified by reacting with 4-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfo-chloride or 2-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfo-chloride to give new 2-(4(or 2)-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-di-sulfanimide)-chitosan (2-HCBSAHCS, 2-HCBSALCS, 4-HCBSAHCS, 4-HCBSALCS). The structure of the derivatives was characterized by FT-IR and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activities of the derivatives were investigated employing various established systems, such as hydroxyl radical ((OH)-O-center dot)/superoxide anion (O-2(radical anion)) scavenging/reducing power and chelating activity. All the derivatives showed stronger scavenging activity on hydroxyl radical than chitosan and ascorbic acid (Vc), and IC50 of 4-HCBSAHCS, 4-HCBSALCS, 2-HCBSAHCS and 2-HCBSALCS was 0.334, 0.302, 0.442, 0.346 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory activities of the derivatives toward superoxide radical by the PMS-NADH system were strong. The results showed that the superoxide radical scavenging effect of 2-(4(or 2)-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfanimide)-chitosan was higher than chitosan. The derivatives had obviously reducing power and slight chelating activity. The data obtained in in vitro models clearly establish the antioxidant potency of 2-(4(or 2)-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfanimide)-chitosan. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.