Molecular dynamics studies on dislocations in crystallites of nanocrystalline alpha-iron

Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried our to study the atomic structure of the crystalline component of nanocrystalline alpha-iron. A two-dimensional computational block is used to simulate the consolidation process. It is found that dislocations are generated in the crystallites during consolidation when the grain size is large enough. The critical value of the grain size for dislocation generation appears to be about 9 nm. This result agrees with experiment qualitatively. AN dislocations that are preset in the original grains glide out during consolidation. It shows that dislocations in the crystallites we generated in consolidation process, but not in the original grains. Higher consolidation pressure results in more dislocations. Furthermore, new interfaces are found within crystallites. These interfaces might result from the special environment of nanomaterial. (C) 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FLOWFIELD IN A SUPERSONIC COIL WITH AN INTERLEAVED JET CONFIGURATION AND ITS EFFECT ON THE GAIN DISTRIBUTION

In a supersonic chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) operating without primary buffer gas, the features of flowfield have significant effects on the Laser efficiency and beam quality. In this paper three-dimensional, multi-species, chemically reactive CFD technology was used to study the flowfield in mixing nozzle implemented with a supersonic interleaving jet configuration. The features of the flowfield as well as its effect on the spatial distribution of small signal gain were analyzed.

双螺旋尾涡结构和内波实验研究

密度分层流体中物体统流的实验研究从六十年代中期起蓬勃开展起来。在1967年Mowbray和Rarity发表了三张纹影照片,但是没有涉及到尾涡结构。在这期间,不少学者研究了水平运动产生的内波,到了1977年Pao和Kao首先报导了用弱分层的方法揭示了在小Richardson数R_i=0.215和雷诺数Re=4×10~3～2×10~4情况下在均匀流中圆球的尾涡具有封闭末端双螺旋结构。Merzkirch和他的学生用光学技术得到清晰的内波波型照片,对圆柱垂直运动实验和理论结果作了比较。近些年来,稳定性研究和三维分离流动中流面分叉及涡构架研究有新进展。为了搞清楚密度分层流体中的尾涡结构、内波和尾涡的关系、内波产生的机理,在1983年我们建立了分层流水箱设备。从实验中我们发现:在低雷诺数Re≈10~2情况下,分层流体中圆柱绕流的尾涡具有双螺旋结构,双螺旋的二支以相反的方向连续地缠绕在一起。这与Pao和Kao水平运动圆球尾流中涡结构有类似的现象。在有倾角情况下,涡管在运动中发生变形。可以认为,实验结果有助于剪切流动现象的研究以及对湍流的发生、发展和衰变机制的进一步理解。 本实验使用直径D=20mm,长度70mm的不锈钢圆柱模型,该模型水平地悬挂在分层流水箱框架中的带有滚珠轴承滑块上。圆柱与水平轴成45°和90°倾角向上和向下被拖着

圆柱运动的内波渐近解

本文提供一个二维内波的渐近解法,对水平圆柱在无粘、稳定的密度连续分层流体中任意倾角运动的问题,得到了伴随的色散关系式,结合倾角α=90°圆柱垂直运动情况,给出了圆柱面上的边界条件和无穷远衰减条件。用渐近展开的方法求出內波的渐近解;对内波传布的规律作了讨论并与內波流场显示结果进行了比较,计算结果合理,运用本解法可望在求解分层流体中圆柱任意方向运动的问题,其它形状物体分层绕流的内波问题、非定常色散以及三维的内波问题中得到推广应用。

激光谱线测速原理讨论

本文探讨了利用激光谱线频移及谱线形变形来测示气体宏观运动速度及运动方式的问题。对Doppler加宽和压力加宽同时起作用的情况,求出了非饱和谱线形的普适表达式及频移关系;对三个典型流动和Doppler加宽为主的情况,求出了非饱和谱线形的具体表达式,给出频移关系及非饱和谱线形移动量和变形量与气体宏观运动速度及宏观运动方式之间的定性定量关系。

可变形管流动相似性

生理流动的相似准则因目标而异。本文解决两个问题:(ⅰ)以动脉内血液流动和管壁运动的偶合作用为目标,建立了有限长度可膨胀管内非牛顿流体非定常运动的相似准则;(ⅱ)以阻力-流量特性和流态改变为目标,分析了可坍管定常流动的相似性,实验证明所得结果是正确的。

Hardware development and ground-based studies for drop shaft experiment on oscillatory convection in half floating-zone

Coordinated measurement of temperature, velocity and free surface oscillation were obtained by using the drop shaft facility for microgravity experiments of half floating zone convection. The ground-based studies gave transition from steady to oscillatory convection for multi-quantities measurement.

Statistical modeling of damage evolution in spallation

In order to understand the mechanism of the incipient spallation in rolled metals, a one dimensional statistical mode1 on evolution of microcracks in spallation was proposed. The crack length appears to be the fundamental variable in the statistical description. Two dynamic processes, crack nucleation and growth, were involved in the model of damage evolution. A simplified case was examined and preliminary correlation to experimental observations of spallation was made.

黄河下游花园口-夹河滩河段二维洪水模拟

黄河下游花园口至夹河滩河段系典型的游荡型河段。在该河段，黄河大堤内范围宽广，一般洪水频率年份，水流主要限制在主槽内，因此大堤内分布有不少居民点以及纵横交错的保护居民点的生产堤和不少高于地面的灌溉渠堤和公路，使洪水行洪范围受到了很大的限制。当洪峰流量很大时，洪水将造成生产堤溃决，极大地危害滩区居民的生活。因此，设计模拟模型计算网络时需要考虑大堤、生产堤、明显高于地面的道路等阻水建筑物的影响，使这些堤及公路成为计算格网的边。不规则四边形网格能够很好地拟合黄河这种复杂的计算域。数值模拟时采用有限体积法，为确保通量的单向性，文中使用Osher格式计算通量。通过对1982年洪水的模拟，模拟结果表明了模型的合理性。

郭永怀先生诞辰九十周年纪念文集

目录

On optimal message vector length for block single parallel partition algorithm in a three-dimensional ADI solver

It has long been recognized that many direct parallel tridiagonal solvers are only efficient for solving a single tridiagonal equation of large sizes, and they become inefficient when naively used in a three-dimensional ADI solver. In order to improve the parallel efficiency of an ADI solver using a direct parallel solver, we implement the single parallel partition (SPP) algorithm in conjunction with message vectorization, which aggregates several communication messages into one to reduce the communication costs. The measured performances show that the longest allowable message vector length (MVL) is not necessarily the best choice. To understand this observation and optimize the performance, we propose an improved model that takes the cache effect into consideration. The optimal MVL for achieving the best performance is shown to depend on number of processors and grid sizes. Similar dependence of the optimal MVL is also found for the popular block pipelined method.

Probing single-molecule by surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering with linearly and circularly polarized laser

Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was incubated in silver sols with different low concentrations and its surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectra, excited by linearly and circularly polarized light, respectively, were studied. At the single-molecule level the SERRS spectra were recorded in 10(-13) M dye colloidal solution. Spectral inhomogeneous behaviors from single-molecule were observed such as spectral polarization, spectral diffusion and intensity fluctuations of vibrational lines. Difference between SERRS spectra of R6G excited by linearly and circularly polarized light and the effect of the polarizing angle of Raman signal relative to the slit of spectrograph on the Raman spectral polarization were analyzed and measured experimentally. Circularly polarized laser and the correction of the polarizing angle of Raman signal are necessary to avoid fake results in the measuring of Raman spectral of single-molecule, which was not noticed in initial papers. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Studies of ion energy and yield from argon clusters heated by intense femtosecond laser pulses

Using time-of-flight spectrometry, the interaction of intense femtosecond laser pulses with argon clusters has been studied by measuring the energy and yield of emitted ions. With two different supersonic nozzles, the dependence of average ion energy (E) over bar on cluster size (n) over bar in a large range of (n) over bar approximate to 3 x 10(3) similar to 3 x 10(6) has been measured. The experimental results indicate that when the cluster size (n) over bar <= 3 x 10(5), the average ion energy (E) over bar proportional to (n) over bar (0.5), Coulomb explosion is the dominant expansion mechanism. Beyond this size, the average ion energy gets saturated gradually, the clusters exhibit a mixed Coulomb-hydrodynamic expansion behavior. We also find that with the increasing gas backing pressure, there is a maximum ion yield, the ion yield decreases as the gas backing pressure is further increased.

磷酸盐激光玻璃聚（CH3）2SiO／SiO2防潮膜改性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备的（CH2）2Si（OC2H5）2预聚体涂膜液中，掺入碱催化的SiO2悬胶体涂膜液，采用旋涂法在掺钕磷酸盐激光玻璃棒端面涂制了改性的防潮膜。当涂膜液中（CH2）2Si（OC2H5）2和SiO2物质的量之比为1：1时。热处理后的膜层耐摩擦性能明显改善；表面粗糙度的均方根值为1．245nm；膜层激光破坏阈值大于15J／cm^2（1053nm，1ns）；在80℃和95％RH的封闭环境中静置336h，膜层的透过率、接触角基本不变。结果证明膜层具有稳定的疏水结构和很好的防潮性能，膜层强度增加，