相对论热力学中玻意耳定律与焦耳定律之间的关系

证明在相对论热力学理论系统中,焦耳定律是玻意耳定律的推论,但玻意耳定律不是焦耳定律的推论.

Diagnosis of colorectal cancer using Raman spectroscopy of laser-trapped single living epithelial cells

A single-cell diagnostic technique for epithelial cancers is developed by utilizing laser trapping and Raman spectroscopy to differentiate cancerous and normal epithelial cells. Single-cell suspensions were prepared from surgically removed human colorectal tissues following standard primary culture protocols and examined in a near-infrared laser-trapping Raman spectroscopy system, where living epithelial cells were investigated one by one. A diagnostic model was built on the spectral data obtained from 8 patients and validated by the data from 2 new patients. Our technique has potential applications from epithelial cancer diagnosis to the study of cell dynamics of carcinogenesis. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

珠江流域NDVI和气象因子的变化及相关分析

对于一个特定的区域特定的时间段来说影响植被覆盖变化的主要因素是气候因素，主要包括降水、温度和光照。珠江流域地形复杂，东西狭长，气象因子差异较大，地表植被覆盖较好，研究珠江流域植被覆盖变化与气象因子之间的关系具有重要意义。 本文利用1982-1999年月平均NDVI和气象因子资料，分析了珠江流域植被和气象因子的时空分布特征，采用奇异值分解（SVD）方法和联合EOF方法研究了珠江流域NDVI和降水在年和年际尺度上的异常关系，利用相关系数、多元线性回归方法分析了NDVI与降水及其他一些气象因子的年际相关及滞后相关。 研究发现，珠江流域植被和气象因子在空间分布上具有明显的东西差异性，除温度以外均具有较好的经度方向一致性、纬度方向差异性。植被和气象因子均存在较大的季节变化和明显的年际变化。在1982-1999年期间，流域整体的NDVI在春季和秋季呈增加趋势，夏季和冬季呈下降趋势，整体呈下降趋势。降水在夏季呈明显的增加趋势，其他季节呈下降趋势，整体呈增加趋势，温度夏季呈下降趋势，其他季节呈上升趋势，整体呈升高趋势，光照在春、秋两季呈增强趋势，夏、冬两季呈减弱趋势，整体呈增强趋势。 方差分析发现，珠江流域NDVI和气象因子的年际方差均呈明显东西差异性，在季节上也有较大差异，且NDVI方差较大的季节基本会对应出现一些气象因子方差较大的现象。6-7月NDVI变化较大，降水变化也较大，说明该流域6-7月的植被有可能受当地降水的变化较大影响。早春季节NDVI变化较大，而早春的温度及光照变化也较大，说明早春的植被生长有可能受温度及光照影响较大。 SVD分析发现，NDVI和降水在年内异常上具有较好的空间一致性，在时间上具有1—2个月的滞后；年际尺度上两者异常在空间上存在明显的差异，流域东部(下游)异常为负相关，西部（上游）异常为正相关。NDVI和温度年内异常呈空间一致性，时间上滞后温度一个月，年际异常也表现为空间一致性。NDVI和光照在年内异常具有空间差异性，西北高原地区NDVI和光照年内异常反向，其他地区年内异常同向。 NDVI和各气象因子在整个区域上的年际相关分析发现，NDVI和同期降水呈负相 I 珠江流域 NDVI 和气候因子的变化及相关分析 关，值为-0.2017，NDVI和温度及短波辐射强度呈正相关，相关系数分别为：0.45和0.4，但是在不同的时间段也有很大的不同。流域NDVI和各气象因子年际相关存在明显的空间和季节差异：空间上，流域东部NDVI和降水负相关明显，和温度及太阳短波辐射正相关明显；流域西部NDVI和降水呈弱的正相关，滞后正相关明显，和温度相关不明显；季节上，NDVI在夏季和降水呈显著负相关，在春、秋季节滞后降水、成明显正相关且滞后三个月正相关最为明显。

Refined genome-wide comparative map of the domestic horse, donkey and human based on cross-species chromosome painting: insight into the occasional fertility of mules

We have made a complete set of painting probes for the domestic horse by degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR amplification of flow-sorted horse chromosomes. The horse probes, together with a full set of those available for human, were hybridized onto metaphase chromosomes of human, horse and mule. Based on the hybridization results, we have generated genome-wide comparative chromosome maps involving the domestic horse, donkey and human. These maps define the overall distribution and boundaries of evolutionarily conserved chromosomal segments in the three genomes. Our results shed further light on the karyotypic relationships among these species and, in particular, the chromosomal rearrangements that underlie hybrid sterility and the occasional fertility of mules.

Structural optimizations of SOI-based single-mode rib waveguide bends

Effects of structure parameters on bend loss of rib silicon-on-insulator (Sol) bend waveguides have been analyzed by means of effective index method (EIM) and 2D bend loss formula. The simulation results indicate that the bend loss decreases with the increase of bend radius and waveguide width, as well as with the decrease of the step factor of the rib waveguide. Moreover, the optional structure parameters have been found when bend waveguides are single-mode.

稠油热采井数值试井新方法

稠油热采使得地层中的温度发生变化，从而导致地层中流体性质参数在地层中存在一定分布，其中对于无限大稠油藏和圆形稠油油藏中的两区同心圆分布和三区同心圆分布已经研究的比较成熟。但是对于任意形状稠油区域中的径向分布目前研究还较少，而且用一般解析或半解析方法都较难获得理论解。同时随着稠油热采的深入进行，地层温度大多不再是按径向分布的，而且存在部分高温条带。这时用目前所建立的热采试井模型进行解释会产生较大误差，因此建立了热采井数值试井的新方法。主要解决了以下两方面的问题：(1)复杂外边界条件下流体参数呈多区径向分布时的热采井试井资料解释方法问题；(2)复杂边界条件下流体参数呈条带分布时的热采井试井分析方法。所建立的模型已通过其简化形式与解析解进行对比并获得一致性结果。文中给出了现场实际解释的例证。\newline 建立了复杂边界条件下热采井的数值试井模型，并利用非结构化网格生成技术对求解区域进行划分，通过有限元方法计算出了流体参数径向分布和条带分布条件下的试井理论曲线，分析了理论曲线在不同外边界及不同流体参数分布下的特征，以及非牛顿流幂律指数、流度比、热采前缘位置等因素的影响。通过模型简化形式的计算结果与解析解的对比说明了数值计算的正确性，并给出了现场实例分析。分析得到了地层压力、渗透率、热采前缘位置、不同区域的稠油流体参数分布、井筒存储以及表皮效应等参数。\newline 从地下流体渗流场的热－流耦合理论出发，所建立和求解的新的不定常流动模型，解决了稠油油田热采开发过程中，通过油气井单点测试进行地层评价的技术难题，为稠油油田热采开发方案的调整提供了有力的技术保障。

一氧化氮参与调节UV-B诱导的豌豆幼苗生长抑制(英文)

对豌豆幼苗5天生长期内紫外线-B(UV-B)辐射对豌豆茎伸长生长和一氧化氮(NO)释放率的影响进行了研究.实验结果表明,UV-B辐射促进了豌豆茎中的NO释放,同时抑制豌豆茎伸长生长;外源NO供体根际处理豌豆幼苗,与UV-B辐射的上述效应相似;而用NO清除剂(PTIO)处理豌豆幼苗会产生和UV-B辐射相反的效应,即增加了茎的伸长.由此可推测,NO也许作为信号参与调节UV-B辐射诱导的生长抑制.

硫酸盐还原菌EMZY-1生理生化特性研究及16SrDNA序列分析

菌株EMZY-1是一株从中国大庆油田回注水中分离得到的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)。通过对该菌株的形态、培养特征、生理生化特征的研究以及16S rDNA序列分析表明:该菌株为革兰氏阳性菌;细胞为棒杆状,端生孢子,大小约0.3×1.7(μm);温度低于10℃、高于60℃无明显生长;pH低于5.0、高于12.0无明显生长;NaCl质量浓度达到10%菌株不能生长;能在蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇为C源的培养基上生长;NH4+、NO3-为菌株良好N源。菌株EMZY-1属于梭菌科。16S rDNA序列分析表明该菌与梭菌科中的Garciella nitratireducens菌同源性最高(99%),GenBank的注册号为EU275367,国内尚未见报道该类SRB。

Preparation of the HIPS/MA graft copolymer and its compatibilization in HIPS/PA1010 blends

The graft copolymer of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) (HIPS-g-MA) was prepared with melt mixing in the presence of a free-radical initiator. The grafting reaction was confirmed by infrared analyses, and the amount of MA grafted on HIPS was evaluated by a titration method. 1-5% of MA can be grafted on HIPS. HIPS-g-MA is miscible with HIPS. Its anhydride group can react with polyamide 1010 (PA1010) during melt mixing of the two components. The compatibility of HIPS-g-MA. in the HIPS/PA1010 blends was evident. Evidence of reactions in the blends was confirmed in the morphology and mechanical behavior of the blends. A significant reduction in domain size was observed because of the compatibilization of HIPS-g-MA in the blends of HIPS and PA1010. The tensile mechanical properties of the prepared blends were investigated, and the fracture surfaces of the blends were examined by means of the scanning electron microscope. The improved adhesion in a 15% HIPS/75% PA1010 blend with 10% HIPS-g-MA copolymer was detected. The morphology of fibrillar ligaments formed by PA1010 connecting HIPS particles was observed. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.