Shear deformation analysis on laser-induced reverse bulging and plugging

A new kind of failure mode is observed in circular brass foils in which their peripheries are fixed and their surfaces are subjected to a long pulsed laser over a central region. The failure is classified into three stages; they are referred to as thermal bulging, localized shear deformation and perforation by plugging. A distinct feature of the failure mode is that bulging and plugging occurred in the direction opposite to the incident laser beam. To study the failure mode, we investigate the non-linear response of heated, non-homogeneous circular plates. Based on the large deflection equations of Berger [J. Appl. Mech. 22 (3), 465-472 (1965)], Ohnabe and Mizuguchi [Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. 28 (4), 365-372 (1993)] and the parabolic shear deformation theory of Bhimaraddi and Stevens [J. Appl. Mech. 51 (1), 195-198 (1984)], we have derived new coupled governing equations of shear deformation and deflection. The new equations are solved, for the plate with a clamped edge, by the Galerkin and iterative methods. The numerical results for the shear deformation distribution are in good agreement with the experimental observation.

Determination Ofinterfacial Mechanical Parameters For An Al/Epoxy/Al2O3 System Byusing Peel Test Simulations

Peel test measurements and simulations of the interfacial mechanical parameters for the Al/Epoxy/Al2O3 system are performed in the present investigation. A series of Al film thicknesses between 20 and 250 microns and three peel angles of 90, 135 and 180 degrees are considered. Two types of epoxy adhesives are adopted to obtain both strong and weak interface adhesions. A finite element model with cohesive zone elements is used to identify the interfacial parameters and simulate the peel test process. By simulating and recording normal stress near the crack tip, the separation strength is obtained. Furthermore, the cohesive energy is identified by comparing the simulated steady-state peel force and the experimental result. It is found from the research that both the cohesive energy and the separation strength can be taken as the intrinsic interfacial parameters which are dependent on the thickness of the adhesive layer and independent of the film thickness and peel angle.

Energy Principle And Nonlinear Electric-Mechanical Behavior Of Ferroelectric Ceramics

Many experimental observations have shown that a single domain in a ferroelectric material switches by progressive movement of domain walls, driven by a combination of electric field and stress. The mechanism of the domain switch involves the following steps: initially, the domain has a uniform spontaneous polarization; new domains with the reverse polarization direction nucleate, mainly at the surface, and grow though the crystal thickness; the new domain expands sideways as a new domain continues to form; finally, the domain switch coalesces to complete the polarization reversal. According to this mechanism, the volume fraction of the domain switching is introduced in the constitutive law of the ferroelectric material and used to study the nonlinear constitutive behavior of a ferroelectric body in this paper. The principle of stationary total potential energy is put forward in which the basic unknown quantities are the displacement u(i), electric displacement D-i and volume fraction rho(I) of the domain switching for the variant I. The mechanical field equation and a new domain switching criterion are obtained from the principle of stationary total potential energy. The domain switching criterion proposed in this paper is an expansion and development of the energy criterion established by Hwang et al. [ 1]. Based on the domain switching criterion, a set of linear algebraic equations for determining the volume fraction rho(I) of domain switching is obtained, in which the coefficients of the linear algebraic equations only contain the unknown strain and electric fields. If the volume fraction rho(I) of domain switching for each domain is prescribed, the unknown displacement and electric potential can be obtained based on the conventional finite element procedure. It is assumed that a domain switches if the reduction in potential energy exceeds a critical energy barrier. According to the experimental results, the energy barrier will strengthen when the volume fraction of the domain switching increases. The external mechanical and electric loads are increased step by step. The volume fraction rho(I) of domain switching for each element obtained from the last loading step is used as input to the constitutive equations. Then the strain and electric fields are calculated based on the conventional finite element procedure. The finite element analysis is carried out on the specimens subjected to uniaxial coupling stress and electric field. Numerical results and available experimental data are compared and discussed. The present theoretic prediction agrees reasonably with the experimental results.

Effective elastic modulus of bone-like hierarchical materials

A shear-lag model is used to study the mechanical properties of bone-like hierarchical materials. The relationship between the overall effective modulus and the number of hierarchy level is obtained. The result is compared with that based on the tension-shear chain model and finite element simulation, respectively. It is shown that all three models can be used to describe the mechanical behavior of the hierarchical material when the number of hierarchy levels is small. By increasing the number of hierarchy level, the shear-lag result is consistent with the finite element result. However the tension-shear chain model leads to an opposite trend. The transition point position depends on the fraction of hard phase, aspect ratio and modulus ratio of hard phase to soft phase. Further discussion is performed on the flaw tolerance size and strength of hierarchical materials based on the shear-lag analysis.

求解流体力学反问题的数学方法及应用

以亚、跨声速翼型设计问题为例，提出一种求解流体力学反问题的新方法。

涂布流动和涂布材料的流变性能

本文列举涂布工艺的实例,给出基本流动方程。叙述了涂布材料流变性质的某些例子。评述了:①棱形条纹;②斜面流动的稳定性;③“桔皮”现象;④在表面张力作用下薄膜表面变平的过程;⑤三相线的奇异性。最后,为了很好地理解涂布现象,考虑了旋转甩涂过程。

袖珍台式标定激波管

<正> 一、前言本文所介绍的标定激波管,专用于压力传感器作动态性能标定。由标定激波管试验可以得到压力传感器的上升时间、过冲比、自振频率、阻尼比和动态灵敏度等参数。测压管道和二次仪表的动态参数,也可由标定激波管试验获得。国内现有的一些标定激波管多数是7～8米长的大设备。最近我们研制了一台袖珍台式标定激波管,总长仅2米,具有占地小、投资少、用气省、操作方便和实验周期短等优点。

气体激光器中光强迭加原则的物理基础

本文就气体激光器的普遍情况证明,当扩散之快足以几乎完全消除空间烧孔时,在输运方程的受激发射和受激吸收项中可以应用Rigrod光强迭加原则,从而明确了光强迭加原则的物理基础。通过对CO_2-N_2-H_2O系统进行的具体分析指出,在通常的连续波气体激光器中,计算场分布和功率输出时往往可应用光强迭加原则.

对“在不连续面分开的平行气流中振动的翼剖面”一文的意见

<正> 罗时鈞同志的論文“在不連續面分开的平行气流中振动的翼剖面”,在国内引起了人们重视尾翼的顫振問題,同时文章内容也頗有启发之处。但是論文中还有些論点值得怀疑。 第一点是关于不連續面上的連接条件。我們认为,在振动的情况下,不連續面不一定是一条流綫;在不連續面上的另一个連接条件应該是:沒有任何流体貭点跨过不連續面。

流式细胞术分析强声波对植物细胞周期的影响

应用流式细胞术分析烟草细胞在交变应力作用下细胞周期的变化。用特制的强声波发生装置产生频率和强度可调的交变应力场,研究不同频率和强度的交变应力作用后烟草细胞周期的变化。实验结果表明,在交变应力作用下直接影响细胞或细胞分裂的同步化,促进S期的DNA合成,有助于细胞有丝分裂。声波频率在400Hz至800Hz,强度在90dB到110dB内,随频率和强度的增加,交变应力使S期细胞明显增加,但频率或强度过大,反而使S期细胞大大减少。

Coherent quantum control of atomic and molecular processes by using the technique of laser pulses

Several schemes for coherent quantum control of atomic and molecular processes have been proposed and investigated by using the techniques of adiabatic passage and ultrashort pulses, respectively. Some interesting results have been found.

线偏振激光场中原子的多光子电离的光电子角分布研究

非微扰量子电动力学的发展使我们可以利用精确的波函数和非微扰的散射理论来研究多光子电离问题.文章作者及其合作者发展了光电子角分布的处理方法,利用复合相位Bessel函数来表征光电子的跃迁几率幅,将光电子的角分布与复合相位Bessel函数直接联系起来.研究发现,复合相位Bessel函数的性质决定了光电子角分布的主要特点及其随激光强度、频率以及光电子能量的演化.该理论不但证实了实验上已经观测到的各种光电子角分布,而且还预言了实验上尚未观测到的光电子角分布,确立了光电子角分布的标度定律.

Intense frequency upconversion fluorescence of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped novel potassium-barium-strontium-lead-bismuth glasses

Er3+/Yb3+-codoped potassium-barium-strontium-lead-bismuth glasses for developing potential upconversion lasers have been fabricated and characterized. Based on the results of energy transfer efficiency, the optimal Yb3+/Er3+ concentration ratio is found to be 5:1. Intense green and red emissions centered at 525, 546, and 657 run, corresponding to the transitions H-2(11/2) -> I-4(15/2), S-4(3/2) -> I-4(15/2), and F-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2), respectively, were observed. The quadratic dependence of the 525, 546, and 657 nm emissions on excitation power indicates that a two-photon absorption process occurs under 975 nm excitation. The long-lived I-4(11/2) level is supposed to serve as the intermediate state responsible for the upconversion processes. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

《广州植物志》

本书是在研究、整理广州地区的高等植物基础上系统编写而成。全书包括198科，871属，1561种，80个变种，附有插图415幅。该书有科、属、种的检索表和科、属、种的简要记载及分布生境和用途等，此外，对广州地区的自然环境条件、植被作了介绍；本书的末尾，对植物各部分形态、术语作了解释并绘图表示；对植物标本采集及制作方法也叙述得很详细。《广州植物志》的出版是解放后我国第一部地方性的植物志。为我国编写地方性植物志提供了经验和参考资料。