51 resultados para 1883-1894

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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对美国加州地区1976~ 1994 年6 级以上强震的加卸载响应比的时空演化过程进行了系统分析, 指出该地区强震前响应比在震前3~ 4 年开始大范围出现与该地区的区域构造走向一致的高Y 区, 高Y 区以每年数十公里的速率向震中附近地区收缩. 震中附近地区的响应比异常主要呈“升—降”型特征, 多数地震在震前1 年内响应比才升高, 并且上升曲线较陡.该区内正地震一般形成丛集区, 主震发生在正地震丛集区内或边缘. 在分析美国加州地区地震与中国大陆地区地震特征异同的基础上, 讨论了如何应用响应比的时空演变特征, 对美国加州地区强地震三要素(地点、时间、强度) 的中期预测进行估计的步骤与方法.

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Free surface deformation is one of the most important physical phenomena in fluids with free surface. In the present paper, convection and surface deformation caused by thermocapillary effect in a rectangular cavity were investigated. In ground experiments, the convection was also affected by gravity. The cavity has a horizontal cross section of 52mm×42mm and the thikkness of the liquid layer is 4mm. Temperature difference between two sides of the liquid layer was increased gradually, and the flow in liquid layer will develop from steady to unstable convection. An optical diagnostic system consisting of a revised Michelson interferometer with image processor was developed to study fluid surface deformation in convection, and the displacements of free surface oscillation were determined. PIV technique was adopted to observe the evolution of flow pattern, and the velocity fields were obtained quantitatively. The present experiments demonstrate that surface deformation is quite distinct in buoyant-thermocapillary convection. in order to understand the mechanism of buoyant-thermocapillary convection, not only the hydrothermal wave instability but also the surface wave instability should be discussed.

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<正> 流体的湍流运动普遍存在于大气、海洋、飞行器周围、推进装置和流体机械中,探讨湍流形成的条件和过程是流动稳定性理论的研究对象。 早在1843年,Stokes就预见到流体状态转捩的原因是失稳。整整100年前(1883年),Reynolds让液体流入不同口径的圆管,并在对称轴上注入一股纤细的颜色水,以便明显、敏感地观察到湍流的发生。他发现: (1)流速较低时,可以看到层次分明的层流,流速增加到一定程度后,就转变成高度无序的湍流状态;

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<正> 一、在自然界中,人们经常可以看到不同流体运动状态间的转变.疾风吹拂平静的湖面,可以掀起轩然大波;上下层的温度逆差可以引起大气、海洋、地幔的对流;小溪中的涓涓细流,可以汇成湍急的江河,一泻千里.在实验室里,Reynolds 通过控制流速(1883年),观察了流体运动从层流到湍流的转变.有时,流体的某种运动状态,虽然也能满足支配流体运动规律的微分方程和边界条件,但这种运动状态是不能维持或存在的,外界的扰动将破坏这种平衡态而使它转变到一种新的运动状态.

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本文应用文献[1]中的方法,证明了旋转液体星(作为自吸引、不可压粘性液体处理)由所有振动本征模决定的稳定临界和长期稳定临界是一致的.同时,以Columbus问题作为这个结论的实验依据.这是Thomson和Tait在1883年预见而没有证明的重要结论,由此可以重新肯定旋转液体星准稳态演化过程必须按长期稳定临界判断;而对于近三十年来被否定的Jeans-Darwin双星分裂理论,必须重新进行评价.

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提出了一种检测光刻机投影物镜密集线焦深(DOF)的新技术。该技术将具有精细结构的测量标记曝光在硅片上,硅片显影后,由光学对准系统获取曝光在硅片上的测量标记图形的对准位置信息,根据对准位置信息计算得到视场中各点的焦深。与传统的FEM焦深测试技术相比,该技术具有测量精度高、速度快、成本低、操作简单等优点,在光刻工艺参数优化及光刻设备性能评价等方面有很好的应用前景。

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研究了LiNbO3:Cr:Cu晶体的吸收特性,发现LiNbO3:Cr:Cu(含0.14wt.%Cr2O3和0.011wt.%CuO)晶体存在两个明显的吸收峰,中心波长分别位于480nm和660nm;随着Cr的含量逐渐减小,Cu的含量逐渐增大,短波段不存在明显吸收峰,掺Cr的含量越大,中心波长在660nm处的吸收越大;633nm红光虽然位于中心波长为660nm的吸收峰内,但它无助于光折变过程.分别采用390nm紫外光和488nm蓝光作为敏化光,514nm绿光作为记录光的记录方案,实现了非挥发全息记录,掺入适

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In this paper, we report on the multicolor luminescence in oxygen-deficient Tb3+-doped calcium aluminogermanate glasses. A simple method was proposed to control oxygen-deficient defects in glasses by adding metal Al instead of the corresponding oxide (Al2O3), resulting in efficient blue and red emissions from Tb3+-undoped glasses with 300 and 380 nm excitation wavelengths, respectively. Moreover, in Tb3+-doped oxygen-deficient glasses, bright three-color (sky-blue, green or yellow, and red) luminescence was observed with 300, 380, and 395 nm excitation wavelengths, respectively. These glasses are useful for the fabrication of white light-emitting diode (LED) lighting.

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Near-infrared luminescence is observed from bismuth-doped GeS2-Ga2S3 chalcogenide glasses excited by an 808 nm laser diode. The emission peak with a maximum at about 1260 nm is observed in 80GeS(2)-20Ga(2)S(3):0.5Bi glass and it shifts toward the long wavelength with the addition of Bi gradually. The full width of half maximum (FWHM) is about 200 nm. The broadband infrared luminescence of Bi-doped GeS2-Ga2S3 chalcogenide glasses may be predominantly originated from the low valence state of Bi, such as Bi+. Raman scattering is also conducted to clarify the structure of glasses. These Bi-doped GeS2-Ga2S3 chalcogenide glasses can be applied potentially in novel broadband optical fibre amplifiers and broadly tunable laser in optical communication system.

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本文回顾了八角科(Illiciaceae)的分类历史,对其现状进行了介绍,并提出了存在的一些问题,针对这些问题,我们对八角科及其近缘类群 [五味子科(Schisandraceae)和木兰科(Magnoliaceae)] 的木材解剖特征,以及对组成八角目(Illiciales)的八角科和五味子科的花被片表皮形态进行了研究,进一步确定了八角科在离生心皮类中的原始地位,且为其属的次级划分提供了更多的性状支持,更详尽地阐述了它与近缘类群间的系统学关系,确定了八角目的独立地位。 1 比较木材解剖学 在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下,对八角科八角属(Illicium)2组19种1亚种43个材料、五味子科2属4种7个材料和木兰科1属3种4个材料的木材解剖结构进行了比较研究。 因八角科导管单独、多角形、密集、细长且具螺纹加厚,穿孔板梯状且细密,射线异形等特征,本文支持建立单属的八角科。在八角属内,由于八角组(Sect. Illicium)的导管分子密度较高和直径较窄,易损度为0.090,射线较高,而八角茴香组(Sect. Cymbostemon)的导管分子密度较低和直径较宽,易损度为0.194,射线较矮,因而本文支持将八角属分为八角组和八角茴香组,且八角组比八角茴香组原始。根据欧式距离,八角科与五味子科之间的相似性(d=4.690)比八角科与木兰科(d=4.899)之间的相似性大,本文支持建立八角目(Illiciales)。 2 花被片表皮比较形态学 在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下,观察了八角科八角属2组11种20个样品、五味子科南五味子属(Kadsura)2亚属2组8种15个样品和五味子属(Schisandra)2亚属4组6种17个样品的花被片表皮形态特征。 首次报道了八角目2个科(八角科和五味子科)3个属(八角属、南五味子属和五味子属)植物花被片表皮细胞的形状、分泌细胞的形状及分布、气孔器的形状及分布、花被片表面的纹饰,在五味子科中发现2个新的性状(气孔对和环列型气孔)。 通过与八角目2个科3个属植物的叶表皮形态比较,发现花被片表皮气孔器外拱盖均为单层,与叶表皮气孔器外拱盖层数(常绿种类为双层和落叶种类为单层)之间没有相关性。通过对两性花、雌花和雄花花被片表皮观察,发现花被片表皮形态与花的性别之间没有相关性。通过对八角属、南五味子属和五味子属花被片表皮比较,发现五味子属花被片表皮形态比南五味子属花被片表皮形态表现出更多的衍生性状,南五味子属花被片表皮形态比八角属花被片表皮形态表现出更多的衍生性状;南五味子属花被片表皮形态与五味子属花被片表皮形态之间的相似性程度较大,与八角属花被片表皮形态之间的相似性程度较小,支持建立含南五味子属和五味子属的五味子科,支持建立只含八角属的八角科。

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A method for DNA isolation from early development of blastocyst and further analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA was developed in present study. Total DNA was prepared from interspecies reconstructed blastocyst and a giant panda specific microsatellite locus g(010) was successfully amplified. DNA sequencing of the PCR product showed that two sequences of reconstructed blastocysts are the same as that of positive control giant panda. Our results prove that the nucleus of interspecies reconstructed blastocyst comes from somatic nucleus of donor giant panda.

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在稳定运行三年的复合垂直流构建湿地中试系统中进行了水体中痕量有机物的净化研究。进水为东湖茶港附近的湖水。水流方式为下行流 -上行流 ,进水方式采用间歇式 ,间隔为 8h ,水力负荷为 80 0mm3/(mm2 ·d)。采用C18反相SPE柱富集萃取中试系统的进出水及自来水 ,然后对其进行GC/MS分析 ,结果表明 ,东湖水主要为石油烃污染 ,酞酸酯类污染严重 ,自来水中亦存在痕量有机物的污染。复合垂直流构建湿地中试系统的出水比进水中痕量有机物的种类及数量均有所减少 ,说明这种系统有助于水体中痕量有机物的去

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<正> 粒鲇科Akyisidae鱼类是分布在东南亚地区的小型鱼类,包括三个属。其中大粒鲇属Achrochodomchthys Bleeker只产于苏门答腊岛、爪哇岛和加里曼丹岛。狭尾粒鲇属Breitensteinia Steindachner只产于苏门答腊岛和加里曼丹岛。粒鲇属Akysis Bleeker鱼类已记录的有下列8种:Akysis variegatus(Bleeker),1846;Akysis macronemus Bleeker,1860;Akysis pictus Gnther,1883;A