Fatty-acids and their C-13 signatures in seep carbonates from hydrocarbon seeps on the upper (GC 185) and lower (AC 645) continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico

Here we reported the fatty-acids and their δ 13C values in seep carbonates collected from Green Canyon lease block 185 (GC 185; Sample GC-F) at upper continental slope (water depth: ∼540 m), and Alaminos Canyon lease block 645 (GC 645; Sample AC-E) at lower continental slope (water depth: ∼2200 m) of the Gulf of Mexico. More than thirty kinds of fatty acids were detected in both samples. These fatty acids are maximized at C16. There is a clear even-over-odd carbon number predominance in carbon number range. The fatty acids are mainly composed of n-fatty acids, iso-/anteiso-fatty acids and terminally branched odd-numbered fatty acids (iso/anteiso). The low δ 13C values (−39.99‰ to.32.36‰) of n-C12:0, n-C13:0, i-C14:0and n-C14:0 suggest that they may relate to the chemosynthetic communities at seep sites. The unsaturated fatty acids n-C18:2 and C18:1Δ9 have the same δ 13C values, they may originate from theBeggiatoa/Thioploca. Unlike other fatty acids, the terminally branched fatty acids (iso/anteiso) show lowerδ 13C values (as low as −63.95‰) suggesting a possible relationship to sulfate reducing bacteria, which is common during anaerobic oxidation of methane at seep sites.

Barium-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Yarns As Low-Work-Function Thermionic Cathodes

Barium-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube yarns were fabricated by drawing and twisting multiwalled carbon nanotube forests through a solution containing barium nitrate. After heat activation under vacuum, the functionalized yarns were enriched in barium oxide due to the high surface-to-volume ratio of the nanotubes. The cathodes exhibited good thermionic properties, with a work function as low as 1.73-2.06 eV and thermionic current density that exceeded 185 mA/cm(2) in a field of 850 V/5 mm at 1317 K. The barium-functionalized yarns had high tensile strength of up to 420 MPa and retained strength of similar to 250 MPa after a 2 h activation process. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

跨声速翼型激波/边界层干扰被动控制的数值模拟计算

本文应用数值计算的方法着重研究了跨声速翼型开孔壁的减阻效果。计算采用了边界层与位流相互作用的模型,藉以了解开孔壁对激波强度及结构的影响和对边界层控制的效果。通过对NACA0012翼型的计算表明,本文采用的自然吹吸的开孔模型能够显著地削弱激波的强度,改善激波的结构,但会使粘性损失增加。在马赫数较小时,翼型开孔后总阻力会增加,而在大马赫数时,开孔翼型的减阻效果才表现出来。这种趋势是与实验结果相吻合的。

等离子体在钽铌冶金中的应用

本文介绍了用三相工频等离子体冶炼富集钽铌工业试验的情况,叙述了工业试验的工作原理、所用的设备、试验的过程及取得的试验结果等。

含裂纹板壳及三维裂纹体断裂问题研究进展

<正> Ⅰ.前言 由于灾难性工程断裂事故时有发生,工程结构安全性评定引起人们的极大关注。1982年美国Battelle实验室在关于断裂损失的首次综合考察中提出,材料的断裂以及为防止这类破坏所作的努力,使美国工业每年耗费达1190亿美元,相当于国家总产值的4％。但在不增加断裂危险情况下,加强检查、维护和修理,约有29％的断裂耗费可以避免。利用断裂力学的研究成果改进材料制造工艺和加强焊接过程的质量控制,可使每年耗费再减少24％。因

激波加热空气红外辐射的测量

在ψ800mm低密度激波管的反射激波后,对高温平衡空气1μ附近分子带系辐射再一次进行了测量。激波管内初始压力取为0.1—lmmHg,测量的温度范围为6000—7500°K,相应的标准密度范围ρ/ρ_0≈0.016—0.1。 λ=1.04μ,测量的空气辐射比N_2(1+)频带贡献的辐射值约高2—5倍,超过量随P_1的增加而升高。过量辐射用NO分子密度归一化后对1/T作图,得到一条直线;而对N_2归一化后的作图,得到与前者平行、随P_1降低而从上向下平移的一组直线,这是联系空气辐射与氮分子的一种特有的新规律。它说明,除了激波管内初始密度维持不变之外,激波加热空气的近红外辐射与N_2分子之间,并不存在似它与NO及纯氮辐射对N_2分子那样的相关关系;揭露出过去激波管关于空气近红外辐射测量中出现的与NO假设和否定氮为主要辐射源的观点相矛盾的实验现象——所测强度数据似可用N_2(1+)来说明,是因密度范围较窄而造成的一种假象。因而,测量为论证空气在近红外的主要辐射源为NO而不是N_2提供了新的实验依据,并使以往激波管测量中的矛盾统一起来了。

Symmetry of chaotic attractors and kink-antikink structures in CMLs

In this paper the symmetries of coupled map lattices (CMLs) and their attractors are investigated by group and dynamical system theory, as well as numerical simulation, by means of which the kink-antikink patterns of CMLs in space-amplitude plots are discussed.

The mechanism of pattern selection in coupled map lattices

The pattern selection of one-dimensional coupled map lattices is studied in this paper. It is shown by spatiotemporal variable separation that there exists a threshold wavelength in pattern selection which possesses wave-like structures in space and periodic chaotic motion in time.

Evolution induced catastrophe

Fracture due to coalescence of microcracks seems to be catalogued in a new model of evolution induced catastrophe (EIC). The key underlying mechanism of the EIC is its automatically enlarging interaction of microcracks. This leads to an explosively evolving catastrophe. Most importantly, the EIC presents a fractal dimension spectrum which appears to be dependent on the interaction.

Application of the strain energy density criterion to ductile fracture

The strain energy density criterion due to Sih is used to predict fracture loads of two thin plates subjected to large elastic-plastic deformation. The prediction is achieved with a finite element analysis which is based on Hill's variational principle for incremental deformations capable of solving gross yielding problems involving arbitrary amounts of deformation. The computed results are in excellent agreement with those obtained in Sih's earlier analysis and with an experimental observation.

Kinetic model of continuous-wave flow chemical lasers

In this paper an analysis of the kinetic theory of the continuous-wave flow chemical lasers(CWFCL) is presented with emphasis being laid on the effects of inhomogeneous broadeningon CWFCL's performance. The results obtained are applicable to the case where laser fre-quency is either coincident or incoincident with that of the eenter of the line shape. This rela-tion has been,compared with that of the rate model in common use. These two models are almostidentical as the broadening parameter η is larger than 1. The smaller the value of η, thegreater the difference between the results of these two models will be. For fixed η, the dif-ferences between fhe results of the two models increase with the increase of the frequencyshift parameter ξ. When η is about less than 0.2. the kinetic model can predict exactly the in-homogeneous broadening effects,while the rate model cannot.

空间电动绳系推进中导电系绳动态特性分析

通过建立空间电动绳系系统动力学模型,研究了通有电流的导电系绳高速运动切割地球磁力线时系绳的振荡和变形特性。通过数值计算,分别给出了导电系绳在不同长度和不同主子星质量比下对系绳动态特性的影响,得到了一些规律性认识和结果。

离子钨钼共渗的扩散机制

对双层辉光离子钨钼共渗在离子轰击条件下形成的渗层和无离子轰击时形成的渗层进行了对比，计算了溶质原子钨和钼与空位的结合能。据溶质-空位复合体扩散的能量条件，提出溶质-空位复合体扩散机制在双层辉光离子钨钼共渗中起重要作用。由此解释了双层辉光离子钨钼共渗的W和Mo原子快速扩散现象和渗后冷却中大量金属间化合物在晶界的析出。

激光加工系统平面方程生成与误差分析补偿

研究了在三维曲面工件上进行激光加工时平面坐标及方程的生成方法、所生成的平面方程与曲面方程之间的误差及其补偿措施。平面生成方法有算术平均法、加权平均法和人工智能神经网络法，后2种方法计算精度高而被采用。