大蹼铃蟾皮肤白蛋白的胰蛋白酶抑制活性研究

通过离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析,在大蹼铃蟾(Bombina maxima)皮肤中得到其白蛋白.该蛋白有强烈抑制胰蛋白酶水解小肽底物的活性,但对其它丝氨酸蛋白酶如凝血酶、糜蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶及枯草杆菌蛋白酶无抑制.它以1∶1摩尔比同胰蛋白酶形成稳定结合的复合物.经测定发现,该蛋白对温度、pH值及还原剂二硫苏糖醇的耐受性较强,三种因素对其胰蛋白酶抑制活性影响不大.说明大蹼铃蟾皮肤白蛋白具有稳定的胰蛋白酶抑制活性,可能在大蹼铃蟾防御天敌捕食的过程中发挥重要作用.

中能区~(40)Ar + ~(197)Au/~(159)Tb/~(nat)Ag反应中高激发热核性质研究

通过对中能区Ar+Au/Tb/Ag反应中高激发核的发射时标、发射次序、发射机制、核温度、集体运动等衰变特性的研究，提取了轻粒子和中等质量碎片（IMF）的发射时间，IMF发射时间随束流能的升高而变短，发射机制逐渐由相继衰变过渡至多重碎裂。研究了轻粒子和碎片间的发射次序，对高能粒子和碎片，轻粒子先于碎片发射，而低能时，则为碎片先于轻粒子发射。IMF发射成分与角度和碰撞参数有关，前角区来自于弹核碎裂，后角区来自于类靶热核的蒸发。在平面和出平面研究表明，中速粒子和碎片为在平面发射占主导，即存在类转动效应；对轻粒子，转动效应随粒子质量增加而增加；对中速产物均观测到该效应随碰撞参数饿增大而增大。采用几种不同的方法提取了热核的核温度，研究了不同方法之间的区别。

辽细辛提取物对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制效果

采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定了辽细辛根的不同溶剂(石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、乙醇)粗提取物和精油对引起黄瓜灰霉病的灰葡萄孢菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的作用。结果表明,细辛不同溶剂提取物和精油对灰葡萄孢菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有一定的抑制作用,且对孢子萌发的抑制效果好于对其菌丝生长的抑制效果;石油醚提取物和精油的抑菌效果较好,对菌丝生长的EC50分别为177.44 mg/L和159.98 mg/L,对孢子萌发的EC50分别为173.23 mg/L和125.29 mg/L;试验还显示细辛所含的主要抑菌活性成分易被极性小的有机溶剂所提取。

The effect of Rh particle size on the catalytic performance of porous silica supported rhodium catalysts for CO hydrogenation

Silica-supported Rh catalysts with different Rh particle dimensions were investigated for CO hydrogenation. The catalysts were characterized by various techniques such as TEM, H-2-TPR and N-2 adsorption to study the catalyst morphology, the size distributions of Rh particles and the silica pores. It was found that the distribution and the size of Rh particles were affected by the silica pores, and the metal grains were enclosed in the pores of the support, and thereby their growth was limited. The catalytic activity and selectivity to C-2-oxygenates for CO hydrogenation were found to be significantly controlled by the Rh particle sizes, and the higher activity and selectivity to C2-oxygenates were obtained over bigger Rh particles, within the range of the reported particle sizes.

Lattice Boltzmann method for compressible flows with high Mach numbers

In this paper we present a lattice Boltzmann model to simulate compressible flows by introducing an attractive force. This scheme has two main advantages: one is to soften sound speed effectively, which greatly raises the Mach number (up to 5); another is its relative simple procedure. Simulations of the March cone and the comparison between theoretical expectations and simulations demonstrate that the scheme is effective in the simulation of compressible flows with high Mach numbers, which would create many new applications.

Long-range automaton models of earthquakes: Power-law accelerations, correlation evolution, and mode-switching

We introduce a conceptual model for the in-plane physics of an earthquake fault. The model employs cellular automaton techniques to simulate tectonic loading, earthquake rupture, and strain redistribution. The impact of a hypothetical crustal elastodynamic Green's function is approximated by a long-range strain redistribution law with a r(-p) dependance. We investigate the influence of the effective elastodynamic interaction range upon the dynamical behaviour of the model by conducting experiments with different values of the exponent (p). The results indicate that this model has two distinct, stable modes of behaviour. The first mode produces a characteristic earthquake distribution with moderate to large events preceeded by an interval of time in which the rate of energy release accelerates. A correlation function analysis reveals that accelerating sequences are associated with a systematic, global evolution of strain energy correlations within the system. The second stable mode produces Gutenberg-Richter statistics, with near-linear energy release and no significant global correlation evolution. A model with effectively short-range interactions preferentially displays Gutenberg-Richter behaviour. However, models with long-range interactions appear to switch between the characteristic and GR modes. As the range of elastodynamic interactions is increased, characteristic behaviour begins to dominate GR behaviour. These models demonstrate that evolution of strain energy correlations may occur within systems with a fixed elastodynamic interaction range. Supposing that similar mode-switching dynamical behaviour occurs within earthquake faults then intermediate-term forecasting of large earthquakes may be feasible for some earthquakes but not for others, in alignment with certain empirical seismological observations. Further numerical investigation of dynamical models of this type may lead to advances in earthquake forecasting research and theoretical seismology.

过山气流对烟气干扰的水槽模拟实验研究

地处丘陵山区的湖南省某电厂,由于受到复杂的山区气流场和气象条件的控制,电厂烟囱排出的烟气,受过山气流大涡旋运动流场的影啊,严重的污染大片农田及危害人体健康。本文通过利用分层流盐水槽所进行该电厂地形条件的模拟实验。详细的介绍了实验方法以及在中性与稳定层结条件下的流场特性和由于不同流场条件所造成烟气的运动规律。对不同的排烟高度所得到的不同烟气下沉距离进行了比较。从而提出了减少排烟污染的合理烟囱高度和位置。经与现场实测的结果对比,取得了相当一致的结果。

论陀螺的迴转稳定准则及其应用

本文以卡尔丹角为方位参量,建立了轴对称刚体(陀螺)永久转动情形的非线性稳定方程组。应用直接方法证明了具有完全耗散情形的陀螺迴转稳定准则:陀螺绕对称轴自由迴旋稳定的充要条件是转子呈扁形。这一准则不仅为陀螺仪设计提供理论依据,而且为飞行器用自旋稳定实现姿态控制提供理论依据。美国发射的Fxplorer-1号绕长轴自旋失稳和第一颗通讯卫星Syncon号绕短轴自旋取得姿态控制成功的事实都能依据这一准则得到合理解释。

论侧向应力与疲劳裂纹扩展

本文通过对Ⅰ型平裂纹及复合型斜裂纹的疲劳试验说明:虽然平行于裂纹面的正应力(侧向应力)对应力强度因子不起作用,但是对裂纹顶端的塑性变形,从而对疲劳裂纹扩展速率却有明显的影响.相应于同样的应力强度因子幅值,当双轴载荷比λ=1时,侧向应力为零,裂纹扩展最慢;随着λ值减小,裂纹扩展速率增大.因此,在估算疲劳寿命时,如果只考虑应力强度因子幅值的作用,而忽略实验加载条件和实际加载条件下侧向应力差别的影响,必然会带来较大的误差,甚至是不安全的.

含稀疏分布杂质的复合材料中的均匀化稳恒热传导方程

本文应用双空间尺度法导出了含稀疏分布椭圆柱形杂质的复合材料柱中的均匀化稳恒热传导方程,求得了等效导热系数的具体形式,并指出,当杂质枉截面单向分布时,宏观热传导是各向异性的,而当杂质枉截面按方向均匀分布时,宏观热传导是各向同性的.

太阳耀斑可能的储能过程

一般看法是,太阳耀斑的能量源于对流层和光球层,然后逐步堆积到外层的色球和日冕活动区中。所以,分析太阳大气中能量是如何从低层转移到上层的过程,以及分析太阳活动区中无力场能量是怎样堆积起来的机制,显然是讨论耀斑储能过程的中心问题之一。本文从冻结型无力场的基本方程组出发,不仅仅考虑旋转的环形流场,更考虑子午流场之间的相互作用,并具体推算了非定常的时间演化过程。