Experimental investigation of the shear strength of a unidirectional carbon/aluminum composite under dynamic torsional loading

In this paper, the dynamic shear strength of a unidirectional C/A356.0 composite and A356.0 alloy, respectively, are measured with a split Hopkinson torsional bar (SHTB) technique. The results indicate that the carbon fibers make very little contribution to the enhancement of the shear strength of the matrix material. The microscopic inspections on the fracture surface of the composite show a multi-scale zigzag feature. This implies that there is a complicated shear failure mechanism in the unidirectional carbon/aluminum composite.

Thermal mismatch stress in SiC whisker reinforced aluminium composite: new measurement method by X-ray diffraction

A new X-ray diffraction method for characterising thermal mismatch stress (TMS) in SiC_w–Al composite has been developed. The TMS and thermal mismatch strain (TMSN) in SiC whiskers are considered to be axis symmetrical, and can be calculated by measuring the lattice distortion of the whiskers. Not only the average TMS in whiskers and matrix can be obtained, but the TMS components along longitudinal and radial directions in the SiC whiskers can also be deduced. Experimental results indicate that the TMS in SiC whiskers is compressive, and tensile in the aluminium matrix. The TMS and TMSN components along the longitudinal direction in the SiC whiskers are greater than those along the radial direction for a SiC_w–Al composite quenched at 500°C.

Substrate Effects on the Micro/Nanomechanical Properties of TiN Coatings

Nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests were performed for titanium nitride (TiN) coatings on different tool steel substrates to investigate the indentation/scratch induced deformation behavior of the coatings and the adhesion of the coating–substrate interfaces and their tribological property. In this work, TiN coatings with a thickness of about 500 nm were grown on GT35, 9Cr18 and 40CrNiMo steels using vacuum magnetic-filtering arc plasma deposition. In the nanoindentation tests, the hardness and modulus curves for TiN/GT35 reduced the slowest around the film thickness 500 nm with the increase of indentation depth, followed by TiN/9Cr18 and TiN/40CrNiMo. Improving adhesion properties of coating and substrate can decrease the differences of internal stress field. The scratch tests showed that the scratch response was controlled by plastic deformation in the substrate. The substrate plays an important role in determining the mechanical properties and wear resistance of such coatings. TiN/GT35 exhibited the best load-carrying capacity and scratch/wear resistance. As a consequence, GT35 is the best substrate for TiN coatings of the substrate materials tested.

Comparative observation of Ar, Ar-H-2 and Ar-N-2 DC arc plasma jets and their arc root behaviour at reduced pressure

Results observed experimentally are presented, about the DC arc plasma jets and their arc-root behaviour generated at reduced gas pressure without or with an applied magnetic field. Pure argon, argon-hydrogen or argon- nitrogen mixture was used as the plasma-forming gas. A specially designed copper mirror was used for a better observation of the arc-root behaviour on the anode surface of the DC non-transferred arc plasma torch. It was found that in the cases without an applied magnetic field, the laminar plasma jets were stable and approximately axisymmetrical. The arc-root attachment on the anode surface was completely diffusive when argon was used as the plasma-forming gas, while the arc-root attachment often became constrictive when hydrogen or nitrogen was added into the argon. As an external magnetic field was applied, the arc root tended to rotate along the anode surface of the non-transferred arc plasma torch.

论陀螺的迴转稳定准则及其应用

本文以卡尔丹角为方位参量,建立了轴对称刚体(陀螺)永久转动情形的非线性稳定方程组。应用直接方法证明了具有完全耗散情形的陀螺迴转稳定准则:陀螺绕对称轴自由迴旋稳定的充要条件是转子呈扁形。这一准则不仅为陀螺仪设计提供理论依据,而且为飞行器用自旋稳定实现姿态控制提供理论依据。美国发射的Fxplorer-1号绕长轴自旋失稳和第一颗通讯卫星Syncon号绕短轴自旋取得姿态控制成功的事实都能依据这一准则得到合理解释。

有关压力传感器动态校准和动态性能评价的几个问题

在本文中,作者根据简单的线性系统分析和实践中的体会,对压力传感器的动态校准和动态性能的评价提出下列几点看法:(1)阶跃压力是较理想的动态校准压力源;激波管可以作为标准动态压力标准装置(微压传感器除外)。(2)压力传感器的主要动态性能指标为:上升时间、超调量、振荡频率或谐振频率、冲击加速度灵敏度。(3)压力传感器的校准可采用静态校准和动态校准相结合的方法,没有必要在整个量程范围内进行动态校准。用“动态灵敏度”来概括压力传感器的动态性能是不确切的。

平晶型激光错位干涉仪及其在流场测量中的应用

仪器的原理是将一束激光经扩束后通过被测系统,然后在平晶前后表面反射而获得干涉图.仪器防振性能好,可以方便地对横向与纵向尺寸都较大的流场进行测量,光源亮度高,结构简单,调整使用方便,有希望在流场测量特别是超声速流场测量中获得广泛的应用.

Experimental and theoretical study on numerical density evolution of short fatigue cracks

Fatigue testing was performed using a kind of triangular shaped specimen to obtain the characteristics of numerical density evolution for short cracks at the primary stage of fatigue damage. The material concerned is a structural alloy steel. The experimental results show that the numerical density of short cracks reaches the maximum value when crack length is slightly less than the average grain diameter, indicating grain boundary is the main barrier for short crack extension. Based on the experimental observations and related theory, the expressions for growth velocity and nucleation rate of short cracks have been proposed. With the solution to phase space conservation equation, the theoretical results of numerical density evolution for short cracks were obtained, which were in agreement with our experimental measurements.

A finite-element analysis of viscoelastically damped sandwich plates

A finite element analysis associated with an asymptotic solution method for the harmonic flexural vibration of viscoelastically damped unsymmetrical sandwich plates is given. The element formulation is based on generalization of the discrete Kirchhoff theory (DKT) element formulation. The results obtained with the first order approximation of the asymptotic solution presented here are the same as those obtained by means of the modal strain energy (MSE) method. By taking more terms of the asymptotic solution, with successive calculations and use of the Padé approximants method, accuracy can be improved. The finite element computation has been verified by comparison with an analytical exact solution for rectangular plates with simply supported edges. Results for the same plates with clamped edges are also presented.

不同形状微管道中的气体流动

不同形状微尺度管道（圆形、六边形、半圆形、不同宽高比的矩形）中的气体流动特性是微机电系统设计最为关心的问题之一．文中利用信息保存（IP）方法和直接模拟Monte Carlo（DSMC）方法进行研究，给出两种方法的计算结果相互符合，并与其它研究者的BGK模型方程计算结果进行了比较．对于微尺度管道中关心的低Mach数流动，IP方法的统计收敛效率明显优于DSMC方法,通过拟合IP和DSMC结果，给出了圆形、六边形、半圆形、不同宽高比的矩形截面情况下无量纲质量流率与等效Knudsen数的关系．

激波风洞中超声速燃烧现象的初步实验研究

介绍了启用激波风洞进行超燃研究所作的改造和得到的初步实验结果。实验除测量常规流场参数和模型表面的动态参数外，主要使用二维实验模型，利用高温气体的自发光和燃烧伴随的发光现象，采用高速摄影技术来观测燃烧现象，记录到高焓流场中叠加燃料喷射和燃烧的流场，观察到自由边界条件下扩散控制的超声速燃烧现象。结果表明激波风洞用于超声速燃烧研究的一些必要的技术问题已基本解决。

纪念谈镐生先生诞辰九十周年暨基础力学学术会议介绍

2006年12月1日是国际著名的力学家、应用数学家谈镐生院士诞辰九十周年纪念日．为纪念谈先生在力学学科的卓越贡献，缅怀他对推动我国力学基础研究和培养科技人才所作出的杰出贡献，中科院力学所于这天上午在所礼堂隆重举行“纪念谈镐生先生诞辰九十周年暨基础力学学术会议”．会前举行了《谈镐生先生文集》首发式，该文集由胡文瑞院士主持编辑，科学出版社出版，收录了谈镐生先生在流体力学、稀薄气体动力学和应用数学研究领域的论文和研究报告26篇，谈先生倡导和推行力学基础研究的有关文章和论述21篇，谈先生的学术活动和生活图片多幅，简介了谈先生生平.

板壳断裂力学

本书阐明了板壳断裂理论的基础。论证了Reissner型板壳断裂理论的科学性、经典板壳断裂理论的缺陷及在一定范围内仍具有的实用价值；介绍了作者所创意的研究Reissner型板壳断裂纹尖端场的方法等。

目录

成骨细胞铺展形状和面积对其凋亡的影响

国家自然科学基金项目30730032